Viva Pathology

Pathology Viva Questions: th

Robbins 8 Edition

Pathology Unit 1: Viva Questions         

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Hyperplasia. (2/01, 1/07) pg 6-7 Hypertrophy. Hypertrophy. (2/01, 1/07, 1/10) pg 7-8 Hypertrophy vs hyperplasia (1/08) pg 6-8 Atrophy. (1/07) pg 9-11 Atrophy vs apoptosis (features/mechanisms). (2/01, 2/04) pg 27-31 Metaplasia and dysplasia. (1/96, 2/04, 2/07 1/10) pg 10-11 Atrophy, Atrophy, hypertrophy h ypertrophy,, hyperplasia, metaplasia. (2/97) pg 6-11 Biochemical hallmarks of cell injury. injury. (2/04) pg p g 14-18 Reversible ischaemia and necrosis. (2/99, 2/02, 2/03, 2/04, 2/08, 1/09) pg 19-22 Irreversible ischaemia (2/03) pg 19 Reversible vs irreversible cellular injury. (1/02, 2/05, 1/06, 2/09) pg 1920 Define necrosis and give examples of types of necros is. (1/96, 1/97) pg 21-22 Coagulative vs liquefactive necrosis. (2/00) pg 21-22

Pathology Unit 2: Viva Questions     

Reperfusion injury (2/05, 1/06, 2/06, 1/10) pg 24 Atrophy vs apoptosis. (2/01, 2/04) pg 27-31 Apoptosis (features and mechanisms) (2/04, 2/05, 2/06, 1/08, 1/10) Discuss steatosis. (2/04) pg 35-36 Tell me about metastatic m etastatic calcification. (2/04, 1/08) pg 41-42

Pathology Unit 3: Viva Questions 

Vascular response to acute inflammation. (2/03, 1/06, 1/07, 1/09) pg 5052

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Role of neutrophils in acute inflammation. (1/96, 1/01, 2/08) pg 53-61 Chemical mediators of inflammation. (2/95, 1/99, 2/02) pg 63-74 Role of the complement system in host defence. (1/02, 2/06, 2/08) pg 64

Pathology Unit 4: Viva Questions  

Tell me about chronic inflammation. (1/98, 2/07, 2/09) pg 78-81 Tell me about the ro le of macrophages. (1/95) pg 79-81


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Angiogenesis. (2/04, 1/08) pg 99-102 Tell me about wound healing by primary intention. (86, 2/93, 1/95, 1/98, 2/98, 2/02, 1/04, 2/04, 1/05, 1/07, 2/09) pg 102-106 Tell me about wound healing by secondary intention. How does this differ from primary union ? (1/02) pg 102 What are the complications of wound healing ? (2/93) pg 106 What pathological factors could affect wound healing ? (1/00, 2/08, 1/10) pg 106-108 Explain the mechanism of scar formation and fibrosis. (2/04, 1/05, 1/08) pg 104, 107

Pathology Unit 6: Revision Week


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Pathogenesis of oedema. (1/93, 2/98, 2/99, 1/02, 1/03, 1/07, 1/10) pg 120-122 Ascites. (2/95) pg 120 Normal haemostasis. (1985, 2/09) Role of platelets in coagulation. (2/99, 2/03, 1/05, 2/06, 1/09) pg 126-127 Clotting cascade:

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Discuss this. (1/95, 2/99, 1/05, 2/06, 1/10) pg 127-130  Discuss factors that inhibit the cascade. (2/03) pg 125 Venous thrombosis:  Predisposing factors and outcomes. (1/96, 1/97, 1/01, 1/04, 1/05, 1/09) pg 133  Pathogenesis. (2/99, 2/02, 2/06) pg 130-132 Effects of arterial thrombosis. (1/01) pg 133, pg 135 Embolism: sources and consequences. (2/95, 1/97, 1/99, 1/08, 2/09) pg 136-137 Cellular pathology of irreversible shock. (2/97) pg 141-142 Pathogenesis of septic shock. (2/97, 2/00, 2/05, 2/07, 1/09) pg 140 Haemorrhagic shock. (2/99, 1/03) pg 141

Pathology Unit 8: Viva Questions      

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Cells of the immune system. (2/96) pg 196-202 T-cells. (1/00, 2/00) pg 196-198 B-cells (1/01, 1/03) pg 198-199 Role of complement in immune processes. (1/03) pg 210 Hypersensitivity. (1/95) pg 205 Type 1 hypersensitivity. pg 206-209  Explain. (1/98, 1/99, 2/00, 2/07, 2/09)  Chemical mediators and their actions. (1/02) pg 208 Type 2 hypersensitivity (transfusion reaction). (1/99, 2/00, 1/01, 2/05, 2/08, 1/10) pg 210 Type 3 hypersensitivity. (2/99, 2/03, 2/05, 2/08) pg 211-214 Type 4 hypersensitivity. (2/99, 2/07, 1/09) pg 215-218

Pathology Unit 9: Viva Questions   

HIV virus and modes of transmission. (1/01, 2/03) pg 236-238 Immunopathogenesis of AIDS. (1/96, 2/99) pg 238-243 Abnormalities of immune function in AIDS. (2/98) pg 242 table 6-12


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Describe the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. (1/95, 2/99, 1/01, 2/01, 1/03, 2/08) pg 521-524 What are the microscopic features of an atheroma ? (1/00) pg 517 Tell me about the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. (2/01) pg 526529 Tell me about aneurysms. (1/95) pg 530-531 Aortic aneurysms:  Pathogenesis (1/04) pg 531  Complications (2/04) pg 532 What is an aortic dissection ? (2/04, 1/07, 1/10) pg 532-534


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Pathophysiology of acute pulmonary oedema. (1/96) pg 562 Tell me about the pathogenesis of MI. (2/98, 1/99, 1/00, 2/01, 2/07) pg 576-577 What are the pathological consequences of acute MI ? (2/03) pg 584-586 Tell me about cardiogenic shock. (1/98) pg 584


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Tell me about hypertensive heart disease. (1/03) pg 587 Tell me about calcific aortic stenosis. (2/04, 2/08) pg 590-591 Infective endocarditis: Pathogenesis. (2/00, 2/02) pg 596-597  What are the potential organ system effects ? (2/00) pg 597  Describe the pathogenesis of acute pericarditis. (2/03, 2/08) pg 611-612 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (1/06, 1/09) pg 604-606


Pathology Unit 14: Viva Questions: 

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Outline the differences between benign and malignant tumours. (1/95, 1/97, 2/99) pg 281 Tumour invasion and metastases. (1/05, 1/09) pg 279-281 Invasion of the extracelluar matrix. (1/05) pg 310-313 What clinical effects may tumours have on their host ? (2/09) pg 332-335 Tell me about paraneoplastic syndromes. (1/05) pg 333-335 What are tumour markers ? (+examples). Which agents are thought to be carcinogenic ?

Pathology Unit 15: Viva Questions        

Tell me about host barriers to infection. (2/95, 2/09) pg pg 352-353 Describe how viruses cause cell injury. (1/02) pg 356-357 Describe how bacteria cause cell injury. (1/02) pg 357-359 Measles. (1/07) pg 363 Herpes simplex. (1/07) pg 365-366 Varicella zoster. (2/01, 2/05, 1/06) pg 368 Tell me about staphylococcal infections. (2/95, 2/99) pg 371-372 Tell me about streptococcal infections. (1/96, 1/00, 1/04, 2/09) pg 373374

Pathology Unit 16: Viva Questions        

Neisserial infections. (1/09) pg 377-378 Tell me about infection with M. tuberculosis. (1/05, 2/08) pg 381-386 Pathogenesis of primary pulmonary TB (2/98, 2/03) pg 381-382 Anareobic bacterial infection. (2/99) Discuss clostridial wound infections. (1/01, 1/04) pg 393-394 Clostridial infections. (1/08) pg 393-394 Tell me about tetanus. (1/95, 2/98) Candidiasis. (2/08) pg 397-398

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Clinical effects of malaria (2/01) pg 401-402 Pathogenesis of malaria (2/03, 2/08) pg 401-402 Describe the pathogenesis of plasmodium falciparum infection. (2/03)


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Name the main constituents of tobacco smoke, and their effects on health. (1/01) pg 419-420 Discuss the pathological effects of smoking on the lung. (2/03) pg 419420 Discuss the pathological consequences of heroin use. (2/03) pg 426 What are the patterns of lung injury related to air pollution ? (2/97) pg 429 Lead poisoning (2/06) pg 432-433 Tell me about radiation injury. (1/95, 2/97, 2/03, 2/06) pg 436-441 Tell me about the systemic consequences of a thermal burn. (2/95) pg 445 Vitamin K (1/09) pg 456 Thiamine deficiency (2/06) pg 456-457


Pathology Unit 19: Viva Questions    

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Tell me about the causes of ARF. (2/96) pg 960-961 Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis. (1/06, 2/06) pg 974-976 Nephrotic syndrome. (2/06, 1/08) pg 978-979 Describe the pathological changes in the kidney in acute tubular necrosis. (1/00, 1/02, 1/06) pg 993-996 What is the pathogenesis of pyelonephritis ? (1/99, 2/00) pg 998-1000 Analgesic abuse nephropathy (2/00) pg 1003-1004 Describe the pathogenesis of hypertensive renal failure. (2/96) pg 10071008 Obstructive uropathy. (1/00) pg 1012-1014 Renal calculi:

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Pathogenesis of kidney stones. (1/95, 1/99, 2/02, 1/06, 2/07) pg 1014 Consequences. (1/99, 2/02) pg 1015


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Types of atelectasis, pg 713-714 What are the causes of ARDS ? (2/96, 1/01, 1/04, 2/09) pg 715 Emphysema:  Basic pathology of emphysema. (1/97, 2/00, 1/06, 1/07, 2/07, 1/10) pg 717-722  Pathological classifications. (1/97, 2/98) pg 718-719 Pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis. (1/99) pg 722 Asthma:  Pathogenesis. (2/96, 1/98, 1/02, 1/06, 1/07) pg 723-724  Pathological features. (1/04) pg 726 Basic pathological processes of restrictive lung disease. (1/97) pg 729


Pathogenesis of pulmonary embolism. (1/98, 1/00, 2/02) pg 742 Bacterial pneumonia. (1/99, 2/99, 2/00) pg 748-749 Legionella pneumonia. (1/01, 2/02, 1/05) pg 749 Atypical pneumonia (1/03) pg 751-752 Influenza (1/05, 1/09, 1/10) pg 751-752 Malignant mesothelioma (1/09) pg 768-769

Pathology Unit 22: Viva Questions       

Peptic ulcer disease (1/08) pg 816-819 Bacterial enteritis. (2/01, 2/02, 2/04) pg 833-834 Salmonella dysentery (2/04, 1/06) pg 835 Cholera (2/04, 1/06) pg 835-836 Crohns disease (2/05, 1/09) pg 847-849 Ulcerative colitis (2/05) pg 849-851 Ischaemic bowel disease (2/05, 2/09) pg 851-853

Pathology Unit 23: Viva questions: 

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Cirrhosis:  Basic pathological principles (1/97, 1/05) pg 882-883  Pathophysiology of the consequences. (1/97) pg 883  Portal hypertension. (1/05, 1/10) pg 883-885 Mechanisms involved in the formation of ascites. (1987, 2/95) Tell me about unconjugated jaundice. (2/97, 2/98, 2/99, 2/00) p g 887 Hepatitis A (2/05, 1/08) pg 890-891 Hepatitis B infection.  Describe the serological changes (1/92, 1/96, 1/97, 2/98, 1/04) pg 893  Pathogenesis (1/97, 2/98) pg 892  Clinical syndromes, pathological consequences. (1/97, 2/02, 2/0 5) Hepatitis C  Tell me about the pathogenesis. (1/00, 2/01, 2/02, 1/08) pg 894  Consequences. (2/02, 2/06, 1/09) pg 895 Hepatitis D (2/06, 1/10) pg 895-896 Pathogenesis of chronic viral hepatitis. (2/01) 898-899 Pathogenesis of fulminant hepatitis. (2/01) pg 899-901 Alcoholic hepatitis and consequences. (2/02, 1/07) pg 904-907 Cholelithiasis – pathogenesis and consequences. (2/02, 1/07) pg 928-931



Leukopaenia:  Pathological causes (1/97)  Immunological consequences (1/97)


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Tell me about acute pancreatitis. Consequences. (2/96, 1/98, 2/02, 1/04, 1/05, 2/06, 2/09) pg 942-944 What are the complications of chronic pancreatitis ? (2/96) pg 945-946


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Tell me about the causes of anaemia. (2/95) pg 623 Discuss the pathological basis of haemolytic anaemia. (1/97, 1/99, 1/10) pg 624-625 Sickle cell anaemia (1/08) pg 628-632 Pernicious anaemia (2/06) pg 639-642 Tell me about microcytic anaemia. (2/97) pg 643-646 Von Willebrands disease (2/07, 1/09) pg 655 Haemophilia A (2/07) pg 655 Tell me about DIC. (2/00) pg 656-657 Pathogenesis of DIC. (2/03, 1/08, 2/09) pg 656-658


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Fracture healing:  Sequence of events. (1/96, 2/98, 2/00, 2/01, 1/03, 1/05, 2/07) pg 12881289  Pathological processes affecting ? (2/02) pg 1289 Avascular necrosis. (2/01) pg 1289-1290 Tell me about osteoarthritis. (1/98, 2/05) pg 1304-1305 Rheumatoid arthritis (2/05) pg 1305-1308 OA versus RA. (2/01) pg 1304-1308 Tell me about gout. (2/05, 1/08) pg 1311-1314


Pituitary adenoma (2/08) Hyperthyroidism (2/97, 2/08) Graves disease. (1/06) Thyroiditis. (2/98) Pathogenesis of Type 1 DM. (1/98, 1/06, 2/08, 2/09) Pathogenesis of Type 2 DM. (1/06)



Peripheral nerve transaction and repair. (2/98, 2/00, 1/03) pg 1330

Pathology Unit 32: Viva Questions       

Non haemorrhagic CVA (2/07) pg 1363-1365 Subarachnoid haemorrhage (1/07) pg 1366-1367 Ruptured berry aneurysm (2/07) pg 1367 Bacterial meningitis. (2/00, 1/07, 1/10) pg 1369-1370 Non bacterial meningitis. (1/03) pg 1370 Multiple sclerosis (1/07, 2/09) pg 1382-1384 Alzheimers disease (2/07) pg 1386-1389


Pre-eclampsia. ( 1/08)

Viva Pathology

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