Wind Power 1

Wind Power in Power Systems Edited by

Thomas Ackermann Royal Institute of Technology Technology Stockholm, Sweden

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.









Wind Power in Power Systems

KTH

VETENSKAP OCH KONST

ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY









Wind Power in Power Systems Edited by

Thomas Ackermann Royal Institute of Technology Technology Stockholm, Sweden





Copyright



2005 2005

John John Wiley Wiley & Son Sons, s, Ltd, Ltd, The The Atr Atrium ium,, Sout Southe hern rn Gate, Gate, Chic Chiche hest ster er,, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Tele Teleph phon onee

(þ44) 1243 779777

Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): [email protected] Visit our Home Page on www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. Reserved. No part of this this publication publication may be reproduced reproduced,, stored in a retrieva retrievall system or transmit transmitted ted in any form or by any means, electronic, electronic, mechanical, mechanical, photocopying photocopying,, recording, recording, scanning scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to [email protected], or faxed to ( þ44) 1243 770571. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professiona professionall advice advice or other expert assistance assistance is required, required, the services services of a competent competent professional professional should be sought. sought. Other Wiley Editorial Editorial Offices

John Wiley & Sons Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA Jossey-Bass Jossey-Bass,, 989 Market Street, San Francisco, CA 94103 94103-1741 -1741,, USA Wiley-VCH Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Boschstr. Boschstr. 12, D-69469 D-69469 Weinheim, Germany John Wiley & Sons Australia Ltd, 33 Park Road, Milton, Queensland 4064, Australia John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd, 2 Clementi Loop #02-01, Jin Xing Distripark, Singapore 129809 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd, 22 Worcester Road, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada M9W 1L1 Library Library of Congress Congress Cataloging Cataloging in Publication Publication Data

Wind power in power systems / edited by Thomas Ackermann. p. cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-470-8550 0-470-85508-8 8-8 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Wind powe powerr plan plants ts.. 2. Wind power power.. I. Acke Ackerm rman ann, n, Thom Thomas as..

II II.. Title Title..

TK1541.W558 2005 621.310 2136—dc22 2004018711 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0-470-85508-8 Typeset Typeset in 10/12pt Times by Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd, Pondicherry Pondicherry,, India







To Moana, Jonas and Nora









Contents

Contributors Abbreviations Notation

2

xlvi

Introduction Thomas Ackermann

Part A

xxix xxxvi

Units

1

xx

Theoretical Background and Technical Regulations

1

5

Historical Development and Current Status of Wind Power Thomas Ackermann

7

2.1 Introduction 2.2 Historical Background 2.2.1 Mechanical power generation generation 2.2.2 Electrical power power generation generation 2.3 Current Status of Wind Power Worldwide 2.3.1 2.3.1 Overview Overview of grid-conne grid-connected cted wind power generation generation 2.3.2 2.3.2 Europe Europe

7 8 8 9 11 11 11





viii

3

4

Contents

Wind Power in Power Systems: An Introduction Lennart So ¨ der der and Thomas Ackermann

25

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6

Introduction Power System History Current Status of Wind Power in Power Systems Network Integration Issues for Wind Power Basic Electrical Engineering Characteristics of Wind Power Generation 3.6.1 The wind wind 3.6.2 The physics physics 3.6.3 Wind power power production production 3.7 Basic Integration Issues Related to Wind Power 3.7.1 Consu Consumer mer requirements requirements 3.7.2 Requiremen Requirements ts from wind farm operators operators 3.7.3 The integration integration issues issues 3.8 Conclusions Appendix: Appendix: A Mechanical Mechanical Equivalent Equivalent to Power System Operation with Wind Power Introduction Active power balance Reactive power balance References

25 25 26 28 29 32 32 33 34 40 40 41 41 46

Generators and Power Electronics for Wind Turbines Anca D. Hansen

53

4.1 Introduction 4.2 State-of-the-art Technologies 4.2.1 Overview Overview of wind turbine turbine topologies topologies 4.2.2 Overview Overview of power control control concepts concepts 4.2.3 State-of-the State-of-the-art -art generators generators 4.2.4 State-of-the State-of-the-art -art power electronics electronics 4.2.5 State-of-the State-of-the-art -art market penetratio penetration n 4.3 Generator Concepts 4.3.1 Asynchronous (induction) generator generator 4.3.2 The synchronous synchronous generator generator 4.3.3 4.3.3 Other types types of generators generators 4.4 Power Electronic Concepts

53 53 53 55 55 59 62 65 66 69 70 72

47 47 48 49 50

Wind Power 1

Recommend Documents