K@ TBH CFXZT FO CK_KI GXDEH (GD) LT @HILAL@ELIL FS - ?4 /:><> ^ILK@TKOO
_/S
DHOH@DL@T
_KGL[LILMSBAK & FTBHZS
Urktth` stlthah`t okihd jy
GL[LAAL
dhoh`dl`t u`dhr Frdhr
_KKK Zuih < fo cpc7-
Tbh dhoh`dl`t buajiy sujakts ls ofiifws
<. Tbh sukt ks `ft alk`tlk`ljih u`dhr ilw lppikcljih tf tbh olcts fo tbh clsh.
:. Tbh lddrhss fo pilk`tkoo ks `ft cfrrhctiy ekvh`, tbh okrst pilk`tkoo ks tbh rhskdh`t fo Jl`elifrh, :`d l`d 3rd dhoh`dl`t lrh rhskdh`ts fo Tuamur l`d tbhy blvh ekvh` wrf`e lddrhss k` frdhr tf lvfkd ldvhrsh frdhrs l`d rhpurcussskf`s k` tlmk`e hx-plrth frdhrs f` k`suookckh`t l`d aksihldk`e erfu`ds jhofrh tbks Bf`‛jih cfurt. Tbh pilk`tkoo‛s lrh put tf strkct prffo fo tbhkr lddrhss l`d tbhy lrh ikljih tf ekvh cfrrhct lddrhss tf prfshcuth tbh clsh.
3. Kt ks rhsphctouiiy sujaktthd tblt, tbh cf`th`ts fo plrl-3 ks `ft dksputhd.
4. Kt ks rhsphctouiiy sujaktthd tblt, tbh cf`th`ts fo plrl-4 ks lisf `ft dksputhd bfwhvhr pilk`tkoo blvh olkihd tf hxpilk` wby tbhy blvh `ft kapihldhd ftbhr bhkrs ls plrtkhs tf tbh sukt sk`ch tbh pilk`tkoo ks tryk`e tf hstljiksb sfah ftbhr rkebts jy dfk`e tbks typh fo olmh iktkeltkf`.
8. Kt ks rhsphctouiiy sujaktthd tblt, tbh cf`th`ts fo plrl-8 ks lisf `ft dksputhd, sk`ch orfa if`e yhlrs tbh olcts wls shttihd s httihd tbh dhoh`dl`ts jy rlksk`e sucb u`dksputhd olcts wl`thd tf cf`vhy sfah ak`fr oliskty k` algfr u`dksputhd vhrskf`.
<
?. Kt ks rhsphctouiiy sujaktthd tblt, tbh cf`th`ts fo plrl-? ks `ft dksputhd.
5. Kt ks rhsphctouiiy sujaktthd tblt, tbh plrl -5 fo tbh pilk`t ks blio jlmhd l`d akxhd wktb olish l`d truh olcts. Tbh dhoh`dl`t blvk`e ak`hs ikch`sh tf df qulrryk`e wfrm k` surv hy `uajhr 4:/4 ks `ft dksputhd, >?tbh hxclvltkf` fo 3>ot ks lisf `ft dksputhd. Tbh lvhrah`ts tblt ’f` >?>:-:><> lt << LA tbh dhoh`dl`t l`d bhr ah` stlrthd kiiheli ltthapt tf h`crflcb upf` tbh sukt scbhduih prfphrty orfa tbh `frtb hlst skdh tf df
tbh qulrry wfrm‑ ks tbh ljsfiuth ikh ikh l`d dhoh`dl`t `hvhr
h`crflcbhd upf` sukt scbhduih prfphrty, tbh liiheltkf` ks put tf strkct prffo.
2. Kt ks rhsphctouiiy rhsphctouiiy sujaktthd tblt, Tbh lvhrah`ts lvhrah`ts k` plrlplrl-5 5 tblt ’Tbh slkd bkeb bl`dhd lct fo tbh dhoh`dl`t tbfueb jhh` rhsksthd jy tbh pilk`tkoos wktb tbh bhip fo `hkebjfurs, jut ls tbh dhoh`dl`t ks blvk`e ilreh `uajhr fo ah` l`d althrklis k`ciudk`e tbh cffikh wfrmhrs l`d alcbk`hry, kt ks qukth dkookcuit ofr tbh pilk`tkoos tf rhskst tbhkr kiiheli lct fo h`crflcbah`t fvhr tbh pfrtkf` fo tbh sukt scbhduih prfphrty f` tbh `frtb hlst‑ ks tbh ljsfiuth ikh l`d dhoh`dl`t dhoh`dl`t `hvhr h`crflcbhd upf` sukt scbhduih prfphrty, tbh liiheltkf` ks put tf strkct prffo.
;. Kt ks ks rhsphctouiiy rhsphctouiiy sujaktthd sujaktthd tblt,
Tbh lvhrah`ts k` k` plrl-5 tblt
pilk`tkoo wh`t tf pfikch l`d pfikch rhoushd tf tlmh lctkf` l`d pfikch dkrhcthd pilk`tkoo tf ef tf ckvki cfurt ks `ft wktbk` tbh m`fwihdeh fo tbks dhoh`dl`t l`d kt ks put tf strkct prffo fo tbh slah.
<>. Kt ks rhsphctouiiy sujaktthd tblt, tbh liihehd clush fo lctkf` ks cf`cfcthd f`h l`d tbh liihehd clush fo lctkf` ks ikljih tf strkct prffo. Bh`ch plrl 2 fo tbh pilk`t ks tbh ljsfiuth ikh l`d dhoh`dl`t `hvhr h`crflcbhd upf` sukt scbhduih prfphrty, tbh liiheltkf` ks put tf strkct prffo.
<<. Kt ks rhsphctouiiy sujaktthd tblt, tbh pilk`tkoo‛s blvh blvh supprhsshd sf al`y olcts. olcts. Tbh ^ilk`tkoos ^ilk`tkoos blvh `ft lpprflcbhd lpprflcbhd tbh Bf`‛jih Cfurt wktb cihl` bl`ds l`d tblt, tbh ^ilk`tkoos lrh `ft h`tktihd ofr l`y rhikho orfa tbh Bf`‛jih Cfurt. Tbh ^ilk`tkoos lrh eukity eukity fo ’supprhsskf vlrk
:
dksaksshd f` tbks l`d sueehsstkf olisk‑. Bh`ch, tbh sukt ks ikljih tf jh dksaksshd erfu`d lif`h.
<:. Kt ks rhsphctouiiy sujaktthd tblt, rhvh`uh h`trkhs k` rhcfrd fo rkebts k` rhsphct fo sukt scbhduih prfphrty stl`ds k` tbh `lah fo pilk`tkoo‛s l`d tbks dhoh`dl`t bls `ftbk`e `ftbk`e tf df wktb wktb tbh sukt scbhduih prfphrty l`d ls tf kts hxth`t.
<3. Kt ks rhsphctouiiy sujaktthd tblt, lothr pilk`tkoo tlmk`e hx-plrth frdhr fo K`gu`ctkf` k` rhsphct tf tbhkr sukt scbhduih prfphrty blvh ekvh` cfapilk`t tf pfikch l`d stfpphd h`tkrh ak`k`e wfrm k` survhy `uajhr 4:/4, l`d survhy `uajhr 43. Tbh slkd il`ds ikh tfwlrds l`d lothr tbh jfrdhrs fo `frtbhr` l`d whsthr` pfrtkf` fo sukt scbhduih prfphrty fo pilk`tkoo. Tbh ak`k`e fphrltkf`s k` hstljiksbhd jfu`dlrkhs fo survhy `uajhr 4:/4 l`d 43 ks k` `f wly loohctk`e l`y il`d pfrtkf` fo survhy `uajhr 4:/<. K`spkth fo sucb olct tf almh bhlvy ifss tf k`vhstah`ts k` tbh ofra fo ah` l`d althrkli althrkli fo dhoh`dl`t, pilk`tkoo pilk`tkoo kiiheliiy stfppk`e ak`k`e wfrm k` survhy `uajhr 4:/4 l`d survhy `uajhr 43. Tbh pilk`tkoo liihehs dhoh`dl`t h`crflcbk`e tfwlrds `frt hlsthr` pfrtkf` fo sukt scbhduih prfphrty, tfwlrds `frt-hlsthr` pfrtkf` fo sukt scbhduih prfphrty tbh Lelimupph survhy `uajhr il`ds l`d survhy `uajhr survhy `uajhr 48 il`ds lrh tbhrh wktbfut kapihldk`e sucb phrsf`s ls dhoh`dl`ts tbh pilk`tkoo ks prfshcutk`e wrf`e clsh lelk`st wrf`e dhoh`dl`t.
<4.Tbh <4. Tbh dhoh`dl`t rhsphctouiiy sujakt bhr vhrskf` ls ofiifws, dhoh`dl`t purcblshd tbh kaafvljih prfphrty jhlrk`e `uajhr
4:/<
wbkcb
wls
ilthr
suj-pbfdhd
k`tf
tbh Survhy
4:/4
k`
Mliiu`lylml`lbliik Erlal, Erlal, Sfapurl Bfjik, @hilal`elil Tlium wbkcb ks afrh ouiiy dhscrkjhd bhrhk` l`d bhrhk` lothr rhohrrhd tf ls tbh UZKTTH@ STLTHAH@T SCBHDXIH ^ZF^HZT[. Tbh cfpy fo tbh Slih Dhhd dlthd >3->4-<;;3 rheksthrhd f` <:->4-<;;3 ks prfduchd bhrhwktb ls L``hxurh ls L``hxurh – L ofr tbh mk`d phrusli fo tbks Bf`‛jih Cfurt.
<8.Kt <8. Kt ks rhsphctouiiy sujaktthd tblt, tbks dhoh`dl`t lisf purcblshd survhy `uajhr 43 k` tbh slah vkiileh orfa kts hrst wbkih fw`hrs tf l` hxth`t fo < lcrh >2 eu`tls. Tbh cfpy fo tbh Slih Dhhd dlthd :;->:-
3
<;;? rheksthrhd f` -<<-<;;? ks prfduchd bhrhwktb ls L``hxurh ls L``hxurh – J ofr tbh mk`d phrusli fo tbks Bf`‛jih Cfurt.
. Tbh dhoh`dl`t ourtbhr sujakt, tblt, sk`ch, tbh dlth fo purcblsh tbh
dhoh`dl`t blvh jhh` k` phlchouii pfsshsskf` l`d h`gfyah`t fo tbh Urktth` stlthah`t Scbhduih ^rfphrty wktbfut l`y iht fr bk`drl`ch orfa l`y jfdy jy hxhrcksk`e lii rkebts fo fw`hrsbkp jy hoohctk`e lii tbh rhvh`uh rhcfrds k` bhr `lah l`d jy plyk`e tbh tlxhs fo tbh Urktth` stlthah`t Scbhduih ^rfphrty. Tbh ofiifwk`e rhvh`uh dfcuah`ts lrh prfduchd ofr mk`d phrusli fo Bf`‛jih cfurt.
@F
DFCXAH@T
L@@HRXZH
<
ZTC FO SXZ_H[ @XAJHZ 4:/4
C
:
ZTC FO SXZ_H[ @XAJHZ 43
D
:
ZZ ^LMML JFFM OFZA 8
H
3
LTILS @LMLI FO S[.@F. 4:/<,& 4:/4
O
4
TK^^L@K @LMLI
E
8
LMLZ JL@DB
B
?
TLR ^LKD ZHCKH^T
K
<5. Tbh dhoh`dl`t ourtbhr sujakt, tblt, tbh il`d purcblshd ks okiihd wktb sfikd stf`h jifcms l`d tbh surrfu`dk`e pfrtkf`s fo lii il`ds lrh sucb il`ds l`d tbh `lah fo erlal ktshio sbfws tblt kt ks Mliiu`lylml`l bliik (Mliiu1stf`h, @lylml1clsth `lah, bliik1vkiileh).
<2.
Tbh dhoh`dl`t dhoh`dl`t sujakt, sujakt, tblt, Tbh dhoh`dl`t dhoh`dl`t bls ftbhr il`ds
lrfu`d tbh sukt scbhduih prfphrty wktb survhy `uajhr 4 eu`tls, survhy `uajhr 43 l`d 44 hxth`t : lcrh :2 eu`tls. Tbh pilk`tkoo wls blvk`e ak`k`e ikch`ch ofr survhy `uajhr 4>4 vkdh ASC\I <83/>4>8. Tbh slah ks rh-phraktthd lothr sfah cf`trfvhrsy rhelrdk`e plttl il`ds fw`hrs rkebts l`d ak`k`e k` kt lothr plttl il`d fw`hrs rkebts tf ak`fr ak`hrlis wls rhcfe`kzhd jy Bkeb Cfurt fo Mlr`ltlml. Mlr`ltlml. Tbh ofiifwk`e dfcuah`ts lrh l``hxhd wktb tbks wrktth` stlthah`t tf sbfw
4
tblt tbh Urktth` stlthah`t
scbhduih prfphrty prfphrty blvh vlikd vlikd ak`k`e ak`k`e
ikch`sh.
@F
DFCXAH@T
L@@HRXZH
<
GFK@T SXZ_H[ AL^ FO AK@HS/OFZHST/ZH_H@XH
G
SBFUK@E FTBHZ IKCH@CHD \XLZKHS :
ASC\I <83/>4->8 DLTHD ::-<<-:>>4 OFZ SXKT
M
SCBHDXIH IL@D 3
DH^LZTAH@T FO AK@HS ZH ^HZAKSSKF@ TF
I
CF@TK@XH AK@K@E DLTHD <;->8-:>>;
<;.Tbh <;. Tbh dhoh`dl`t sujakt, tblt, tbh vh`dfrs fo Ktha `uajhr -< fo wrktth` stlthah`t scbhduih prfphrty fo dhoh`dl`t bhrhk` lrh dhsch`dl`ts fo f`h Ilth Ilth @. Zlalklb, tbhy lrh
Ars Zl`elaal, (wkoh fo Ilth Ilth
Zlalklb), L.Z. @lelrlglklb, (s/f (s/f Ilth Zlalklb) Zlalklb) L.Z. Sbkvlrlau (s/f Ilth Zlalklb) jy pfsk`e pfsk`e tbhashivhs ls f`iy fw`hrs hxhcuthd slih dhhd fo Ktha `uajhr-< fo wrktth` wrktth` stlthah`t scbhduih prfphrty ofr vliuljih cf`skdhrltkf` cf`skdhrltkf` fo Zs <:,>>>->> f` >3->4-<;;3 wbkcb wls rheksthrhd f` <:->4-<;;3, l`d ks prfduchd ls L``hxurh ls L``hxurh – L.
:>. Tbh ^ilk`tkoos sujakt, tblt, Ilthr tbh sf`s fo 3rd pilk`tkoo lif`e wktb bhr blvh okihd l clsh k` FS 4;<;;2 DLTHD >8->2-<;;2 (Jl`elifrh CG Sr d`) l`d eft hx-plrth T.K. frdhr l`d aldh bueh eliltl tf stfp qulrryk`e k` survhy `uajhr 4->2-<;;2, tbh af`hy wls plkd k` tbh ofra fo DD. Ilthr tbh clsh wls wls wktbdrlw` jy 3rd pilk`tkoo l`d bhr sf`s bhrhk` f` :<->2-<;;2. F` :>->2-<;;2 ktshio 3rd pilk`tkoo lif`e wktb bhr sf`s hxhcuthd rheksthrhd cf`sh`t dhhd. Tbh cfpy fo FS 4;<;;2, lerhhah`t, l`d cf`sh`t dhhd ks prfduchd ls L``hxurh-A, @ & F rhsphctkvhiy prfduchd ofr mk`d phrusli fo Bf`‛jih Bf`‛j ih cfurt.
8
tblt, tbh pilk`tkoo‛s pilk`tkoo‛s stkii u`kthd k` tbh :<. Tbh dhoh`dl`t ourtbhr sujakt tblt, gfk`t olakiy blvh tbus dhchkvhd jy supprhssk`e tbh rhli olcts fo tbhkr olakiy. F`ch lelk` 3rd pilk`tkoo k` tbh `lah fo tbhkr ak`fr dluebthrs fo L.Z. Zlalcbl`drlklb k` tbh yhlr :>>>, dhal`dhd sfah ou`ds ofr tbh olakiy `hchsskty l`d lothr rhousli tf prfvkdh sucb dhal`ds tbhy aldh eliltl k` tbh qulry prhakshs l`d stfpphd wfrm wktb eff`dl hihah`ts durk`e :>>>. Tbh dhoh`dl`t wktb `f suppfrt orfa orfa l`y lehd alih kssuhs blvh shttihd tbh altthr jy ekvk`e rhphlthdiy tbh af`hy ls l`d wbh` tbh 3rd pilk`tkoo l`d ftbhr ahajhrs fo pilk`tkoo olakiy dhal`dhd. Ok`liiy sbh eft hxhcuthd Zheksthrhd Zheksthrhd cf`sh`t dhhd f` <<>4-:>>> orfa 3rd pilk`tkoo.
Tbh Cfpy fo tbh cf`sh`t dhhd ks
prfduchd bhrhwktb ls L``hxurh-^ L``hxurh-^ ofr tbh mk`d phrusli fo tbks Bf`‛jih Cfurt.
::. Tbh dhoh`dl`t ourtbhr sujakt tblt, tbus pilk`tkoo‛s blvh jhh` bljktuli trfujih crhltfrs, l`d blvk`e sfah jilcmalkik`e lttktudh lrh dfk`e al`y strl`eh tbk`es blvh rhch`tiy dhal`dhd dhoh`dl`t tf ply af`hy fr tf olch cfurt cfurt clsh. Dhoh`dl`t lothr shhk`e lii tbh tbh jld l`thchdh`ts hoofrts k` sltksoyk`e sltksoyk`e tbh pilk`tkoo‛s blvh hxblusthd lii bhr hoofrts
kiiheli
dhal`d ofr af`hy. F` <8->:-:><> hvh`k`e dhoh`dl`t : clah tf tbh qulry l`d tbrhlth`hd wfrmhrs `ft tf cfah orfa afr`k`e jhclush cfurt bls stfpphd qulrryk`e.
:3. Tbh Dhoh`dl`t sujakt, sujakt, tblt Tbh pilk`tkoo pilk`tkoo k` `f wly blvk`e l`y rkebts tf Urktth` stlthah`t scbhduih prfphrty, l`d k` `f wly rhshrvhd tbhkr rkebts l`d k` `f wly blvk`e l`y al``hr fo rkebt fr tktih fr aucbihss pfsshsskf` fvhr wrktth` stlthah`t scbhduih prfphrty, prfphrty, lrh usk`e tbhkr tbhkr af`hy, auscih, fookckli l`d pfiktkcli pfwhr l`d lrh crhltk`e `uksl`ch jy trhssplssk`e f` tbh sukt scbhduih prfphrty tf stfp tbh ikch`shd qulrry wfrm, l`d lisf succhhdhd k` stfppk`e wfrm orfa ->:-:><>. Tbh dhoh`dl`t uptf ->:-:><> wfrmhd k` survhy `uajhr 43, (< lcrh->2 eu`tls) l`d 4:/4 (< lcrh) tftliiy tf tbh hxth`t fo : lcrhs >2 eu`tls f`iy. Tbh pilk`tkoo‛s lrh k` pfsshsskf` fo il`d tfwlrds sfutbhr` skdh fo wrktth` stlthah`t scbhduih prfphrty, tblt ks il`d k` survhy `uajhr 4:/< (: lcrh :? eu`tls). Tbh dhoh`dl`t blvh `ftbk`e tf df wktb pilk`tkoo‛s il`ds l`d dhoh`dl`t blvh `ft h`crflcbhd upf` il`d fo l`y ftbhr phrsf` k`ciudk`e dhoh`dl`ts, wbh` tbhrh ks cihlr
?
dhalrcltkf` fo
il`ds l`d ftbhr il`ds lrfu`d jy gfk`t survhy fo
Ofrhst/Ak`hs/Zhvh`uh dhplrtah`t, sucb h`crflcbah`t dfhs `ft lrksh.
Tbh ^ilk`tkoo‛s lrh almk`e almk`e aucb aucb elilttl l`d sch`h orfa
afr`k`e fo ->:-:><> l`d tbrhlth`k`e tbks dhoh`dl`t tf dhstrfy ak`k`e alcbk`hry ko wh cf`tk`uh fr stlrt wfrm stlthah`t
scbhduih scbhduih prfphrty.
Tbus
ltthaptk`e tf k`throhrh k`throhrh wktb dhoh`dl`ts
k` tbh wrktth`
pilk`tkoo‛s
lrh kiiheliiy
phlchouii pfsshsskf` l`d
h`gfyah`t fo wrktth` stlthah`t scbhduih prfphrty, jy tlmk`e hxplrth frdhrs wktb u`truh olcts.
:4. Kt ks rhsphctouiiy sujaktthd tblt, Uktbfut prhgudkch tf tbh ljfvh cf`th`tkf`s, tbks Dhoh`dl`t buajiy sujakts, tblt, tbh ^ilk`tkoo blvh dhikjhrlthiy aldh chrtlk` olish lvhrah`ts tf sukt tbhkr clsh lelk`st tbks Dhoh`dl`t. Tbks Dhoh`dl`t ourtbhr sujakts, tblt, tbh lvhrah`ts wbkcb lrh `ft sphckokcliiy dh`khd fr trlvhrshd bhrhjy lrh dhhahd tf jh dh`khd ls olish l`d ^ilk`tkoos wkii jh put tf tbh strkct prffo fo tbh slah. Tbks Dhoh`dl`t crlvhs ofr mk`d k`duieh`ch fo tbks Bf`‛jih Cfurt l`d tbks Bf`‛jih Cfurt aly jh pihlshd tf liifw tbks Dhoh`dl`t tf rlksh lddktkf`li erfu`ds, ko l`y, lt tbh tkah fo bhlrk`e tbh sukt.
UBHZHOFZH, k` tbh ljfvh olcts l`d ckrcuastl`chs fo tbh clsh, l`d tbh ilw lppikcljih tf sucb sktultkf`s, kt ks afst rhsphctouiiy prlyhd, tblt, tbks Bf`‛jih Cfurt aly jh pihlshd tf dksakss tbh sukt okihd jy tbh ^ilk`tkoo lelk`st tbks Dhoh`dl`t lif`e wktb hxhapilry cfsts k` tbh k`thrhst fo gustkch l`d hqukty.
UZKTTH@ STLTHAH@T SCBHDXIH ^ZF^HZT[
<. Lii tblt, pkhch l`d plrchi fo tbh Kaafvljih
^rfphrty sktulthd lt
Mliu`lylml`lBliik Erlal, Sfapurl Bfjik, @hilal`elil Tlium, Jl`elifrh Dkstrkct, jhlrk`e Sy `f7 4:/4 cf`skstk`e fo < lcrh > eu`tls l`d jfu`dhd f`7 HLST
J[ 7 ^ilk`tkoo‛s prfphrty
UHST J[ 7 Efvhr`ah`t Il`d @FZTB J[ 7 Cbkcmmltbkaalmml l`d dhoh`dl`ts il`d, SFXTB J[ 7 Zlgl``l l`d ftbhrs il`d.
5
:. Lii tblt, pkhch l`d plrchi fo tbh Kaafvljih
^rfphrty sktulthd lt
Mliu`lylml`lBliik Erlal, Sfapurl Bfjik, @hilal`elil Tlium, Jl`elifrh Dkstrkct, jhlrk`e Sy `f7 43 cf`skstk`e fo < lcrh 2 eu`tls l`d jfu`dhd f`7 HLST
J[ 7 Dhoh`dl`ts prfphrty l`d skddlel`elklb‛s il`d
UHST J[ 7
Cbkcmmltbkaalmml l`d dhoh`dl`ts il`d
@FZTB J[ 7 Zlgl``l l`d ftbhrs il`d., SFXTB J[ 7 Dhoh`dl`ts prfphrty l`d Zl`elaal‛s il`d
LD_FCLTH OFZ OFZ DHOH@DL@T DHOH@DL@T
_HZKOKCLTKF@
K, GL[LAAL ., tbh Dhoh`dl`t bhrhk`, df bhrhjy vhrkoy l`d dhcilrh tblt, wblt ks stlthd ljfvh ks truh l`d cfrrhct tf tbh jhst fo ay m`fwihdeh, k`ofraltkf` l`d jhikho. ^ilch7 @hilal`elil Dlth7 >:->3-:><>
DHOH@DL@T
2
K@ TBH CFXZT FO CK_KI GXDEH (GD) LT @HILAL@ELIL FS - ?4 /:><> ^ILK@TKOO
_/S
DHOH@DL@T
_KGL[LILMSBAK & FTBHZS
GL[LAAL
FJGHCTKF@S TF KL FO ^ILK@TKOO X@DHZ FZDHZ3; ZXIH <&:
K@ TBH LJF_H CLSH OKIHD J[
DHOH@DL@T7<. Tbh KL ks `ft alk`tlk`ljih hktbhr f` olcts fr f` ilw.
:. Tbh olcts swfr`hd k` tbh lookdlvkt lrh olish l`d aksihldk`e wktbfut cfak`e wktb cihl` bl`ds pilk`tkoo wl`t‛s tf cf`vhy olis olish h sht fo liiheltkf`s jhofrh tbh Bf`‛jih cfurt.
3. Tbh lvhrah`ts k` lookdlvkt lrh skakilr tf tblt fo pilk`t lvhrah`ts l`d tbh wrktth` stlthah`t cf`th`tkf`s, dh`klis, l`d stlthah`t fo olcts aly jh rhld ls plrt l`d plrchi fo tbks fjghctkf`s tf KL.
4. Uktb l` kiiheli k`th`tkf` lppikcl`t wl`ts tf tlmh sfah k`thrka frdhr orfa tbh cfurt jy sbfwk`e olish clush fo lctkf` l`d wl`thd tf stfp iheli ak`k`e wfrm usk`e k`thrka frdhrs.
^ilk`tkoo wl`t tf
dhprkvh
truh fw`hr orfa orfa tbh k`bhrh`t rkebts rkebts l``hxhd wktb fw`hrsbkp fo tbh il`d. Tbks cl``ft jh liifwhd k` tbh k`thrhst fo Gustkch.
8. Tbhrh ks `f prkal olckh clsh fr jlil`ch fo cf`vh`kh`ch k` olvfur fo pilk`tkoo fr lppikcl`t. @f k`gury wkii jh clushd tf pilk`tkoo fr lppikcl`t. Ko tbh KL ks liifwhd, tlmk`e ldvl`tleh fo cfurt frdhr pilk`tkoo fr lppikcl`t aly prfif`e tbh clsh sk`ch tbh alk` rhikho sfuebt k` tbh sukt ks hxlctiy tbh slah ls tblt fo k`thrka prlyhr.
?. Kt ks shttihd prk`ckpih fo ilw tblt, K`thrka rhikho cl``ft jh erl`thd wbh` kt lafu`ts tf erl`tk`e fo alk` rhikhos.
;
5. Kt ks shttihd prk`ckpih fo ilw tblt wbh` sukt ks `ft alk`tlk`ljih k`thrka rhikho cl``ft jh erl`thd. Bhrh sukt ks `ft alk`tlk`ljih ofr blvk`e rhikhd f` olish olcts l`d prkal olckh olish lsshrtkf` wktbfut kapihldk`e rhli phrsf`s tfwlrds `frt hlsthr` skdh fo pilk`t sukt scbhduih prfphrty.
2. K`gu`ctkf` cl``ft jh erl`thd ls stlthd u`dhr shctkf` 4<(k) fo tbh Sphckokc Zhikho lct wbh` iffmhd k`tf tbh cf`duct fo ftbhr pilk`tkoo ‛s l`d ‛s l`d 3rd pilk`tkoo k` cf`tk`ufusiy wktb lctkvh cfiiuskf` fo sfah il`d alpbkl hihah`ts rhphlthdiy jilcm alkihd dhoh`dl`t l`d shttihd tbh altthr jy tlmk`e af`hy orfa dhoh`dl`t.
;. K`gu`ctkf` cl``ft jh erl`thd ls stlthd u`dhr shctkf` 4<(g) fo tbh sphckokc rhikho lct wbh` tbh pilk`tkoo bls `f phrsf`li k`thrhst k` tbh altthr. Bhrh pilk`tkoo liihelths h`crflcbah`t tfwlrds `frt-hlsthr` skdh fo sukt scbhduih prfphrty, dhoh`dl`t ks k` `f wly cf``hcthd wktb sucb prfphrty l`d h`crflcbah`t, pilk`tkoo pilk`tkoo ks lisf `ft k`thrhsthd k`thrhsthd jut ftbhr phrsf`s k`ciudk`e sfah fookckli l`d `f`-fookckli il`d alokl hihah`ts wl`t tf crhlth trfujih tf tbks dhoh`dl`t.
<>. Tbh rhikho sfuebt k` tbh KL ks k` tbh `lturh fo al`dltfry k`gu`ctkf`. X`dhr shctkf` 3; fo Sphckokc Zhikho lct al`dltfry k`gu`ctkf`s cl` jh erl`thd wbh` tbhrh ks l`y tbrhlt tf jrhlcb fo l` fjikeltkf`. Tbh 3 rd pilk`tkoo ks blvk`e cf`trlct wktb dhoh`dl`t ofr blvk`e iht fut prhakshs fo sukt scbhduih prfphrty ofr piyk`e vhbkcihs. Tbh
dfcuah`ts
prfduchd jy pilk`tkoo `hktbhr iheliiy fjikelths l`ytbk`e upf` tbks dhoh`dl`t, `fr kt ks sphckokcliiy h`ofrchljih lelk`st tbks dhoh`dl`t. Kt ks f`iy h`ofrchljih lelk`st tbh pilk`tkoo‛s l`d k` frdhr tf lvfkd sucb h`ofrchah`t fr tf jilcmalki dhoh`dl`t tbks clsh bls jhh` okihd.
<<. L pilk`t wbkcb ks al`kohstiy vhxltkfus l`d ahrktihss, k` tbh sh`sh fo `ft dkscifsk`e l cihlr rkebt tf suh l`d tlmk`e clrh tblt tbh erfu`ds ah`tkf`hd k` Frdhr 5 Zuih << fo tbh Cfdh fo Ckvki ^rfchdurh lrh lttrlcthd, wfuid rhqukrh sucb pilk`t tf jh tbrfw` fut lt tbh tbrhsbfid ofr tbh rhlsf` `f phrsf` wfuid jh h`tktihd tf k`cf`vh`kh`ch tbrfueb tbh ahdkua fo tbh prfchss fo ilw.
<>
<:. X`dhr prk`ckpih fo hstfpphis tbh pilk`tkoo‛s lrh hstfpphd orfa rlksk`e tbhkr kiiheli dhal`ds orfa tbhkr rhphlthd cf`ducts. Ubh` lct ktshio ks cihlr tbh` erl`tk`e fo k`gu`ctkf` gust tf crhlth hcf`fakc trfujihs tf ljsfiuth fw`hr ks lelk`st tbh prk`ckpihs fo hqukty.
Ubhrhofrh tbh Bf`‛jih cfurt aly jh pihlshd tf dksakss lppikcltkf` fo lppikcl`t k` tbh k`thrhst fo gustkch. ^ilch7 @hilal`elil Dlth7 >:->3-:><>
Dhoh`dl`t
LD_FCLTH OFZ OFZ DHOH@DL@T
K df swhlr l`d lookra ljfvh cf`th`ts ls truh l`d cfrrhct l`d ske` ls jhifw.
^ilch7 @hilal`elil Dlth7 >:->3-:><>
Dhoh`dl`t
<<
K@ TBH CFXZT FO CK_KI GXDEH (GD) LT @HILAL@ELIL KLVVVVVVV/:><> FS - ?4 /:><> ^ILK@TKOO
_/S
DHOH@DL@T
_KGL[LILMSBAK & FTBHZS
GL[LAAL
K@THZIFCXTFZ[ L^^IKCLTKF@ X@DHZ FZDHZ RRRKR ZXIH < & : ZHLDUKTB SHCTKF@ <8< FO TBH TBH CFDH FO CK_KI ^ZFCHDXZH, ^ZFCHDXZH, <;>2.
Tbh Lppikcl`t/dhoh`dl`t k` tbh ljfvh clsh afst rhsphctouiiy sujakts tblt, ofr tbh
rhlsf`s swfr` tf k` tbh lccfapl`yk`e lookdlvkt, tbks Bf`‛jih Cfurt aly jh pihlshd tf erl`t l`
Frdhr fo Thapfrlry K`gu`ctkf` rhstrlk`k`e tbh ^ilk`tkoo‛s, tbhkr
leh`ts, rhprhsh`tltkvhs, lsske`hhs, fr l`y-jfdy cilkak`e tbrfueb fr u`dhr tbha orfa k`throhrk`e wktb tbh phlchoui ak`k`e fphrltkf`s k` fphrltkf`s k` tbh wrktth` stlthah`t Scbhduih ^rfphrty, ph`dk`e dkspfsli fo tbh clsh, k` tbh k`thrhst fo gustkch l`d hqukty. hqukty.
SCBHDXIH ^ZF^HZT[ <.
Lii tblt, pkhch l`d plrchi fo tbh Kaafvljih
^rfphrty sktulthd lt
Mliu`lylml`lBliik Erlal, Sfapurl Bfjik, @hilal`elil Tlium, Jl`elifrh Dkstrkct, jhlrk`e Sy `f7 4:/4 cf`skstk`e fo < lcrh > eu`tls l`d jfu`dhd f`7 HLST
J[ 7 ^ilk`tkoo‛s prfphrty
UHST J[ 7 Efvhr`ah`t Il`d @FZTB J[ 7 Cbkcmmltbkaalmml l`d dhoh`dl`ts il`d, SFXTB J[ 7 Zlgl``l l`d ftbhrs il`d.
:. Lii tblt, pkhch l`d plrchi fo tbh Kaafvljih
^rfphrty sktulthd lt
Mliu`lylml`lBliik Erlal, Sfapurl Bfjik, @hilal`elil Tlium, Jl`elifrh Dkstrkct, jhlrk`e Sy `f7 43 cf`skstk`e fo < lcrh 2 eu`tls l`d jfu`dhd f`7 HLST
J[ 7 Dhoh`dl`ts prfphrty l`d skddlel`elklb‛s il`d
UHST J[ 7
Cbkcmmltbkaalmml l`d dhoh`dl`ts il`d
@FZTB J[ 7 Zlgl``l l`d ftbhrs il`d., SFXTB J[ 7 Dhoh`dl`ts prfphrty l`d Zl`elaal‛s il`d
^ILCH7 @HILAL@ELIL DLTHD7 >:->3-:><>
<:
LD_FCLTH OFZ L^^IKCL@T/DHOH@DL@T
K@ TBH CFXZT FO CK_KI GXDEH (GD) LT @HILAL@ELIL KLVVVVVVV/:><> FS - ?4 /:><> ^ILK@TKOO
_/S
_KGL[LILMSBAK & FTBHZS
DHOH@DL@T GL[LAAL
L O O K D L _ K T
K, GL[LAAL U/F ILTH MH@CBL^^L, lehd ljfut 84 yhlrs, rhskdk`e lt Mrksb`lpurl Erlal, Sfapurl Bfjik, @hilal`elil Tlium df bhrhjy bhrhjy sfiha`iy lookra l`d stlth f` fltb ls ofiifws 7
<. K sujakt, tblt, K la tbh dhoh`dl`t k` tbh ljfvh clsh. clsh. K la whii cf`vhrsl`t wktb tbh olcts olcts fo tbh clsh. clsh. Bh`ch, K la swhlrk`e tf tbh cf`th`ts fo tbks lookdlvkt. :. K sujakt, tblt, pilk`tkoo‛s blvh okihd tbh ljfvh sukt ofr ^hral`h`t K`gu`ctkf` lelk`st ah. Ourtbhr, K sujakt tblt, tbh lvhrah`ts aldh k` tbh wrktth` stlthah`t aly mk`diy jh rhld ls plrt l`d plrchi fo tbks lookdlvkt k` frdhr tf lvfkd rhphtktkf` fo tbh olcts. 3. K sujakt tblt, K blvh `ft h`crflcbhd upf` l`yf`h‛s il`d l`d kla dfk`e ay ak`k`e jusk`hss k` ay fw` il`d lothr fjtlk`k`e vlikd ikch`sch orfa tbh lutbfrktkhs. K blvh `ft vkfilthd l`y ikch`ch cf`dktkf`s l`d tbhrh ks `f h`qukry ph`dk`e rhelrdk`e l`y h`crflcbah`t fo l`y `hkebjfurk`e il`ds. 4. K ourtbhr sujakt tblt, K blvh k`vhsthd bueh lafu`t fo af`hy l`d althrkli tf df ak`k`e jusk`hss l`d tbh stfppleh fo ak`k`e jusk`hss k` tbh wrktth` stlthah`t scbhduih prfphrty wkii kapfsh bhlvy ifss f` tbh dhoh`dl`t jy wly fo dlalehs tf k`vhstah`ts. 8. K ourtbhr sujakt tblt, tblt, K` rhch`t yhlrs duh tf stfppleh fo wfrm orfa ak`k`e ak`k`e dhplrtah`t tf cf`duct gfk`t survhy wfrm tbks dhoh`dl`t blvh ifst aucb fo bhr k`vhstah`ts l`d ifss bls fccurrhd. Ubh` tbh ak`k`e lctkvkty rh-stlrthd orfa aly :>>; bfpk`e k` l`tkckpltkf` fo juim frdhrs tbh dhoh`dl`t blvh k`vhsthd aucb fo alcbk`hrkhs. Ko alcbk`hrkhs whrh dhstrfyhd jy kiiheli trhsplss fo pilk`tkoo, dhoh`dl`ts wkii jh put tf bhlvy ifss. Ko pilk`tkoo‛s lrh ihot fut tf k`throhrh k` sukt scbhduih prfphrty ak`k`e lctkvkty tbhrh wkii jh bueh k`vhstah`t ifss bh`ch tbks lppikcltkf`.
<3
?. K ourtbhr sujakt tblt, tbh pilk`tkoo‛s lrh jh`t upf` tf dkspfsshssk`e tbh
dhoh`dl`t‛s orfa tbh wrktth` stlthah`t Scbhduih ^rfphrty l`d ofrckjiy fccupy tbh wrktth` stlthah`t Scbhduih ^rfphrty l`d stfp ak`k`e fphrltkf`s. Tblt, tbh Dhoh`dl`t Dhoh`dl`t blvh `f ftbhr lithr`ltkvh lithr`ltkvh l`d hookclckfus hookclckfus
rhahdy ftbhr tbl` tf lpprflcb tbks Bf`‛jih Cfurt ktshio ofr tbh rhikho fo thapfrlry K`gu`ctkf` rhstrlk`k`e tbh pilk`tkoo orfa k`throhrk`e wktb tbh phlchouii ak`k`e fphrltkf`s k` tbh wrktth` stlthah`t Scbhduih Scbhduih ^rfphrty. Bh`ch tbks Lppikcltkf`. 5. K sujakt tblt, ko tbh pilk`tkoo‛s lrh `ft rhstrlk`hd jy ahl`s fo Thapfrlry K`gu`ctkf` orfa k`throhrk`e k`throhrk`e wktb tbh phlchoui ak`k`e fphrltkf`s fphrltkf`s k` tbh sukt Scbhduih ^rfphrty k` l`y al``hr wbltsfhvhr ph`dk`e dkspfsli fo tbks sukt, K wkii jh put tf vhry erhlt blrdsbkp, krrhplrljih ifss, wbkcb cl``ft jh hqulthd k` thras fo af`hy fr af`khs wfrtb. wfrtb. Ko tbh slkd frdhr ks plsshd k` ay olvfur olvfur `f blra fr k`gury wkii jh clushd tf tbh ftbhr skdh. 2. K sujakt tblt, tblt, K blvh blvh aldh fut l prkal prkal olckh clsh.
Tbh jlil`ch fo
cf`vh`kh`ch ouiiy ikhs ikhs k` fur olvfur. Ko tbh k`thrka frdhr fo Thapfrlry K`gu`ctkf` ks erl`thd k` fur olvfur `f blra wkii jh clushd tf tbh ftbhr skdh. Bh`ch, tbks k`thrifcutfry lppikcltkf` ofr k`thrka frdhr, rhstrlk`k`e tbh dhoh`dl`ts orfa k`throhrk`e wktb tbh ak`k`e fphrltkf`s k` tbh wrktth` stlthah`t Scbhduih ^rfphrty.
UBHZHOFZH, k` tbh ljfvh olcts l`d ckrcuastl`chs fo tbh clsh, K rhsphctouiiy
prly, tblt, tbks Bf`‛jih Cfurt jh pihlshd tf erl`t l` frdhr fo Thapfrlry K`gu`ctkf` rhstrlk`k`e tbh pilk`tkoo‛s orfa k`throhrk`e wktb tbh phlchoui ak`k`e fphrltkf`s k` tbh wrktth` stlthah`t Scbhduih ^rfphrty ph`dk`e dkspfsli fo tbh sukt k` tbh k`thrhst fo tbh gustkch l`d hqukty.
K tbh dhpf`h`t bhrhk`, bhrhk`, df bhrhjy dhcilrh dhcilrh tblt, tbks ks ay `lah, ske`lturh l`d cf`th`ts fo tbh lookdlvkt lrh truh l`d cfrrhct tf tbh jhst fo ay m`fwihdeh, k`ofraltkf` l`d jhikho. ^ILCH 7 @HILAL@ELIL DLTHD 7 >:->3-:><> Kdh`tkokhd jy ah
Ldvfclth
<4
DH^F@H@T
K@ TBH CFXZT FO CK_KI GXDEH (GD) LT @HILAL@ELIL FS - ?4 /:><> ^ILK@TKOO
_/S
DHOH@DL@T
_KGL[LILMSBAK & FTBHZS
GL[LAAL
IKST FO DFCXAH@TS L``h xurh L&J C&D H O E B K G M I A @ F ^
Dhscrkptkf` SLIH DHHD DLTHD >3->4-<;;3 l`d :;->:-<;;? ZTC FO SXZ_H[ @XAJHZ 4:/4 l`d 43 ZZ ^LMML JFFM OFZA 8 LTILS @LMLI FO S[.@F. 4:/<,& 4:/4 TK^^L@K @LMLI LMLZ JL@DB TLR ^LKD ZHCKH^T GFK@T SXZ_H[ AL^ FO AK@HS/OFZHST/ZH_H@XH SBFUK@E FTBHZ IKCH@CHD \XLZKHS ASC\I <83/>4->8 DLTHD ::-<<-:>>4 OFZ SXKT SCBHDXIH IL@D DH^LZTAH@T FO AK@HS ZH ^HZAKSSKF@ TF CF@TK@XH AK@K@E DLTHD <;->8-:>>; FS 4;<;;2 CF^[ LEZHHAH@T CF@SH@T DHHD DLTHD :>->2-<;;2 CF@SH@T DHHD DLTHD <<->4-:>>>
^ILCH 7 @HILAL@ELIL DLTHD 7 >:->3-:><>
<8
LD_FCLTH OFZ DHOH@DL@T
K@ TBH CFXZT FO CK_KI GXDEH (GD) LT @HILAL@ELIL FS - ?4 /:><> ^ILK@TKOO
_/S
DHOH@DL@T
_KGL[LILMSBAK & FTBHZS
GL[LAAL
K@DHR
@F
^LZTKCXILZS
<
U/S FO DHOH@DL@T
:
FJGHCTKF@S TF KL FO
^LEHS
^ILK@TKOO :
_LMLILTB
3
IKST FO DFCXAH@TS UKTB DFCXAH@TS
4
_HZ[O[K@E LOOKDL_KT
8
KL FO DHOH@DL@T LIF@E UKTB LOOKDL_KT
^ilch7 @HILAL@ELIL Dlth7 >:->3-:><>
LD_FCLTH OFZ OFZ Dhoh`dl`t
K@ TBH CFXZT FO CK_KI GXDEH (GD) LT @HILAL@ELIL FS - ?4 /:><> ^ILK@TKOO
_/S
_KGL[LILMSBAK & FTBHZS
DHOH@DL@T GL[LAAL
_HZKO[K@E L O O K D L _ K T
K, GL[LAAL U/F ILTH MH@CBL^^L, lehd ljfut 84 yhlrs, rhskdk`e lt Mrksb`lpurl Erlal, Sfapurl Bfjik, @hilal`elil Tlium df bhrhjy bhrhjy sfiha`iy lookra l`d stlth f` fltb ls ofiifws 7
<. K sujakt tblt, tblt, K la tbh dhoh`dl`t k` tbh ljfvh ljfvh clsh. K la whii cf`vhrsl`t cf`vhrsl`t wktb tbh olcts fo tbh clsh. Bh`ch, K la swhlrk`e tf tbh cf`th`ts fo tbks lookdlvkt.
:. K sujakt tblt, tfdly K blvh okihd tbh wrktth` wrktth` stlthah`t stlthah`t k` tbh tbh ljfvh ljfvh ljfvh Sukt ofr ^hral`h`t K`gu`ctkf`, lelk`st ah. ah. Ourtbhr, K sujakt, sujakt, tblt, tbh lvhrah`ts lvhrah`ts aldh k` tbh wrktth` stlthah`t aly mk`diy jh rhld ls plrt l`d plrchi fo tbks lookdlvkt k` frdhr tf lvfkd rhphtktkf` fo olcts.
3. K sujakt tblt, tbh lvhrah`ts aldh k` plrl < tf :4 fo tbh lccfapl`yk`e wrktth` stlthah`t lrh truh l`d cfrrhct tf tbh jhst fo ay m`fwihdeh, k`ofraltkf` k`ofraltkf` l`d jhikho.
4. K sujakt tblt, tbh Dfcuah`ts Dfcuah`ts L``hxurh L``hxurh –L tf ^ prfduchd wktb wktb tbh tbh Urktth` Urktth` stlthah`t lrh cfpkhs fo tbh Frkek`li.
K, tbh dhpf`h`t bhrhk`, df bhrhjy dhcilrh tblt tbks ks ay `lah, ske`lturh l`d tblt tbh cf`th`ts fo tbks lookdlvkt lrh truh l`d cfrrhct tf tbh jhst fo ay m`fwihdeh, k`ofraltkf` l`d jhikho.
^ILCH 7 @HILAL@ELIL DLTHD 7 >:->3-:><> Kdh`tkokhd jy ah, DH^F@H@T Ldvfclth,
<5
K@ TBH CFXZT FO CK_KI GXDEH (GD) LT @HILAL@ELIL FS - ?4 /:><> ^ILK@TKOO
_/S
DHOH@DL@T
_KGL[LILMSBAK & FTBHZS
GL[LAAL
AHAF
Tbh ldvfclth ofr Dhoh`dl`t okihs cfpy fo twf Gudehah`t‛s fo Mlr`ltlml bkeb cfurt rhpfrthd k` KIZ <;;> <;;> MLZ 3<42 & KIZ <;2; MLZ ;?: sbfwk`e tblt7 L dhoh`dl`t cl` k` lpprfprklth clshs cilka k`thrka k`gu`ctkf` lelk`st tbh ftbhr plrty k` tbh slah sukt prfvkdhd tbh dhoh`dl`ts cilka tf rhikho fo k`gu`ctkf` lrkshs fut fo tbh pilk`tkoo‛s clush fo lctkf` fr ks k`ckdh`tli tf kt.
Kt ks f`iy k` clshs wbhrh tbh dhoh`dl`t‛s cilka tf rhikho lrkshs fut fo tbh pilk`tkoo‛ s clush fo lctkf` fr ks k`ckdh`tli tf kt tblt bh cl` lsm ofr l thapfrlry k`gu`ctkf` lelk`st lelk`st tbh pilk`tkoo.
^ilch7 @HILAL@ELIL Dlth7 >:->3-:><>
LD_FCLTH OFZ OFZ Dhoh`dl`t
<2
K@ TBH CFXZT FO CK_KI GXDEH (GD) LT @HILAL@ELIL FS - ?4 /:><> ^ILK@TKOO
_/S
DHOH@DL@T
_KGL[LILMSBAK & FTBHZS
GL[LAAL
AHAF Tbh ldvfclth ofr Dhoh`dl`t okihs cfpy fo ofiifwk`e Gudehah`ts fo Suprhah cfurt
fo
K`dkl
cfiihcthd
orfa
Suprhah
Cfurt
Fookckli
whjskth
bttp7//gudks.`kc.k` lppikcljih tf ljfvh clsh tf bkebikebt tbh jhifw pfk`ts k` suppfrt fo dhoh`dl`t pihldk`es ofr tbh mk`d cf`skdhrltkf` fo tbh Bf`‛jih cfurt. Tbh altthr ks vhry ureh`t k` tbh h`ds fo Gustkch l`d tbh dhoh`dl`t ks stkii stfpphd bhr ikch`chd ak`k`e wfrm k` dhoh`dl`t wrktth` stlthah`t scbhduih prfphrty l`d pilk`tkoo wktb lii kiiheliktkhs ls hxpilk`hd k` wrktth` stlthah`t l`d fjghctkf`s ks blrlssk`e tbh dhoh`dl`t jy fjtlk`k`e hx-plrth frdhr. Bh`ch tbks ahaf ahaf rhquhstk`e tf cf`skdhr cf`skdhr KL-< fo pilk`tkoo l`d KL-: fo dhoh`dl`t lt tbh hlrikhst ofr kts dkspfsli
:>>5(?) SCC <:> -0 Bh wbf cfahs k`tf k`tf hqukty aust aust cfah wktb cihl` bl`ds. L cfurt fo hqukty rhoushs rhikho tf l pilk`tkoo wbfsh cf`duct k` rhelrd tf tbh sujghct altthr fo tbh iktkeltkf` bls jhh` kaprfphr. Tbks wls ofrahriy hxprhsshd jy tbh alxka "bh wbf bls cfaaktthd k`kqukty sblii `ft blvh hqukty", l`d rhikho wls rhoushd wbhrh l trl`slctkf` wls jlshd f` tbh pilk`tkoo‛s orlud fr aksrhprhsh`tltkf`, fr wbhrh tbh pilk`tkoo p ilk`tkoo sfuebt tf h`ofrch l shcurkty kaprfphriy fjtlk`hd, fr wbhrh bh cilkahd l rhahdy ofr l jrhlcb fo trust wbkcb bh bld bkashio prfcurhd l`d wbhrhjy bh bld fjtlk`hd af`hy. Ilthr kt wls slkd tblt tbh pilk`tkoo k` hqukty aust cfah wktb phrohct prfprkhty fo cf`duct, fr wktb cihl` bl`ds.
Tbhrh ks l`ftbhr dfctrk`h wbkcb cl``ft lisf jh ifst skebt fo. Tbh cfurt wfuid `ft frdk`lrkiy phrakt l plrty tf pursuh twf plrliihi rhahdkhs k` rhsphct fo tbh slah sujghct altthr. ]Shh Glk Sk`eb v. X`kf` fo K`dkl l`d Ftbhrs, (<;55) < SCC
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LKZ :>>2 SC ?4? -0 kt wls l okt clsh wbhrh lppikcltkf` ofr k`gu`ctkf` okihd jy tbh pilk`tkoo wls tf jh dksaksshd k` tbh ljsh`ch fo `hchsslry plrtkhs tf tbh sukt l`d f` tblt erfu`d lif`h tbh lppikcltkf` wls dksaksshd. Tbh Bkeb Cfurt `fthd tblt kt bld `ft ef`h k`tf tbh ahrkts fo tbh clsh l`d f`iy f` tbh thcb`kcli erfu`d ls `fthd ljfvh, tbh lppikcltkf` ofr thapfrlry k`gu`ctkf` wls rhghcthd.
Kt ks f`h tbk`e tf sly tblt tbhrh dfhs `ft hxkst l`y lajkeukty ls rhelrds dhscrkptkf` fo tbh sukt il`d k` tbh pilk`t wktb rhohrh`ch tf tbh jfu`dlrkhs ls ah`tkf`hd tbhrhk`, jut kt ks l`ftbhr tbk`e tf sly tblt tbh il`d k` sukt jhif`es tf tbh rhspf`dh`ts. Kt wls ofr tbh pilk`tkoos tf prfvh tblt tbh il`d k` sukt ofrahd plrt fo CTS @fs. 42:3/L-<5 l`d 42:3/L-<2. Kt wls `ft ofr tbh dhoh`dl`ts tf df sf. Kt wls, tbhrhofrh, `ft `hchsslry ofr tbha tf okih l` lppikcltkf` ofr lppfk`tah`t fo l Cfaaksskf`hr `fr wls kt `hchsslry ofr tbha tf ldduch l`y k`dhph`dh`t hvkdh`ch tf hstljiksb tblt tbh rhpfrt fo tbh Ldvfclth- Cfaaksskf`hr wls `ft cfrrhct.
L@D LISF TBH JHIFU GXDEHAH@TS GXDEHAH@TS ls lvlkiljih k` bttp7//gudks.`kc.k`
Strf`e rhikl`ch ks pilchd f` tbh ofiifwk`e fjshrvltkf`s fo tbks Cfurt k` Ul`dhr Itd. v. L`tfx K`dkl ^. Itd. ]<;;> Supp SCC 5:5Q k` 5:5Q k` rhelrd tf erl`t fo thapfrlry k`gu`ctkf` "Xsuliiy, tbh prlyhr ofr erl`t fo l` k`thrifcutfry k`gu`ctkf` ks lt l stleh wbh` tbh hxksth`ch fo tbh iheli rkebt lsshrthd jy tbh pilk`tkoo l`d kts liihehd vkfiltkf` lrh jftb cf`thsthd l`d u`chrtlk` l`d rhalk` u`chrtlk` tkii tbhy lrh hstljiksbhd lt tbh trkli f` hvkdh`ch. Tbh cfurt, lt tbks stleh, lcts f` chrtlk` whii shttihd prk`ckpihs fo ldak`kstrltkf` fo tbks ofra fo k`thrifcutfry rhahdy wbkcb ks jftb thapfrlry l`d dkscrhtkf`lry. Tbh fjghct fo tbh k`thrifcutfry k`gu`ctkf`, kt ks stlthd 7 "ks tf prfthct tbh pilk`tkoo lelk`st k`gury jy vkfiltkf` fo bks rkebts ofr wbkcb bh cfuid `ft ldhqulthiy jh cfaph`slthd k` dlalehs rhcfvhrljih k` tbh lctkf` ko tbh u`chrtlk`ty whrh rhsfivhd k` bks olvfur lt tbh trkli. Tbh `hhd ofr sucb prfthctkf` aust jh whkebhd lelk`st tbh cfrrhspf`dk`e `hhd fo tbh dhoh`dl`t tf jh prfthcthd lelk`st k`gury rhsuitk`e orfa bks blvk`e jhh` prhvh`thd orfa hxhrcksk`e bks fw` iheli rkebts ofr wbkcb bh cfuid `ft jh ldhqulthiy cfaph`slthd. Tbh cfurt aust whkeb f`h `hhd lelk`st l`ftbhr l`d dhthrak`h wbhrh tbh ‛jlil`ch fo cf`vh`kh`ch‛ ikhs."
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:>>? (8) SCC :2: :2: -0 Tbh dkscrhtkf` fo tbh cfurt ks hxhrckshd tf erl`t l thapfrlry k`gu`ctkf` f`iy wbh` tbh ofiifwk`e rhqukrhah`ts lrh aldh fut jy tbh pilk`tkoo 7 (k) hxksth`ch fo l prkal olckh clsh ls pihldhd, `hchssktltk`e prfthctkf` fo pilk`tkoo‛s rkebts jy kssuh fo l thapfrlry k`gu`ctkf`= (kk) wbh` tbh `hhd ofr prfthctkf` fo pilk`tkoo‛s rkebts ks cfap lrhd wktb fr whkebhd lelk`st tbh `hhd ofr prfthctkf` fo dhoh`dl`t‛s rkebts fr ikmhiy k`ork`ehah`t fo dhoh`dl`t‛s rkebts, rkebts, tbh jlil`ch fo cf`vh`kh`ch tkitk`e k` olvfur fo pilk`tkoo= l`d (kkk) cihlr pfsskjkikty fo krrhplrljih k`gury jhk`e clushd tf pilk`tkoo ko tbh thapfrlry k`gu`ctkf` ks `ft erl`thd. K` lddktkf`, thapfrlry k`gu`ctkf` jhk`e l` hquktljih rhikho, tbh dkscrhtkf` tf erl`t sucb rhikho wkii jh hxhrckshd f`iy wbh` tbh pilk`tkoo‛s cf`duct ks orhh orfa jilah l`d bh lpprflcbhs tbh cfurt wktb cihl` bl`ds.
:>>2(<<) SCC < -0 Ubkih cf`skdhrk`e l` lppikcltkf` ofr erl`t fo k`gu`ctkf`, tbh cfurt wkii `ft f`iy tlmh k`tf cf`skdhrltkf` tbh jlskc hihah`ts k` rhiltkf` tbhrhtf, vkz., hxksth`ch fo l prkal olckh clsh, jlil`ch fo cf`vh`kh`ch l`d krrhplrljih k`gury, kt aust lisf tlmh k`tf cf`skdhrltkf` tbh cf`duct fo tbh plrtkhs. Erl`t fo k`gu`ctkf` ks l` hquktljih rhikho. L phrsf` wbf bld mhpt qukht ofr l if`e tkah l`d liifwhd l`ftbhr tf dhli wktb tbh prfphrtkhs hxciuskvhiy, frdk`lrkiy wfuid `ft jh h`tktihd tf l` frdhr fo k`gu`ctkf`. Tbh cfurt wkii `ft k`throhrh f`iy jhclush tbh prfphrty ks l vhry vliuljih f`h. Uh lrh `ft bfwhvhr, fjikvkfus fo tbh olct tblt erl`t fr rhousli fo k`gu`ctkf` bls shrkfus cf`shquh`ch dhph`dk`e upf` tbh `lturh tbhrhfo. Tbh cfurts dhlik`e wktb sucb altthrs aust almh lii h`dhlvfurs tf prfthct tbh k`thrhst fo tbh plrtkhs. Ofr tbh slkd purpfsh, lppikcltkf` fo ak`d f` tbh plrt fo tbh cfurts ks kaphrltkvh. Cf`th`tkf`s rlkshd jy tbh plrtkhs aust jh dhthrak`hd fjghctkvhiy.
:>>2 (<>) SCC ;5 -0 -0 Kt ks trkth tblt tbh ruih fo pihldk`es pfstuilth tblt l pilk`t aust cf`tlk` althrkli olcts. Ubh` tbh pilk`t rhld ls l wbfih dfhs `ft dkscifsh althrkli olcts ekvk`e rksh tf l clush fo lctkf` wbkcb cl` jh h`thrtlk`hd jy l ckvki cfurt, kt aly jh rhghcthd k` thras fo Frdhr 5, Zuih << fo tbh Cfdh. Skakilriy, l pihl fo jlr tf gurksdkctkf` fo l ckvki cfurt bls tf jh cf`skdhrhd blvk`e rhelrd tf tbh cf`th`tkf`s rlkshd k` tbh pilk`t. ^ilch7 @HILAL@ELIL Dlth7 <2->3-:><>
LD_FCLTH OFZ OFZ Dhoh`dl`t
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