Hyderabad City in Transition

City, but the People?” As Shakesphere quoted, “ What is the City, True, the people are the Cities…

A City is a “a theater of social action,” and everything else – art, politics, education, commerce – only serves to make the social drama. ……the

physical design of the cities are primarily based on the natural environment and to the spiritual values of the human community and their economic functions were secondary. secondary. - Lewis Mumford, “What is a City?”

Aldo Rossi, in his book, the “City”, says architecture does not mean the

visible image of the city and the sum of its different architectures but architecture architecture as a construction of the city over time. This process of construction links the past and present and thus it addresses the ultimate and definitive fact in the life of the collective, the creation of the environment in which it lives.

CITY IN TRANSITION a case of hyderabad

T h e

“ C I t y

o f

N I z a m s ”

I s

n o w

“C y b e r a b a d”

INTRODUCTION THE CITY Cities have always been the cradle of architectural advancement. Unlike, architecture, they are not created by a particular designer or for people living in one time period. It is a product of the constant contribution of many unknown designers over a long period of time to suit the needs and the aspirations of a multitude of people who vary in skills, nature, behavior and so on. Pranali Parikh,Sense of Identity, Continuity and Context

A city is continuously evolving, transforming, transforming, multi-dimensional living organism, which is essentially polymorphous in nature. Graham Vickers, Key Moments in Architecture, Evolution of a City.

INTRODUCTION TRANSITION Transition is the passage from one form, state, style or place to another. It can also be defined as an event that results in transformation. The unending need to change and suit to the requirements and the functions of its constituents. constituents.

Transition in cities as we see is in the form of changing

i.

Sen Se nse of Ide den ntity tity

ii. ii. Co Con ntext

Urban Redevelopment: Redevelopment: a study of high rise buildings, Pg. 17, K Narayan Reddy Pranali Parikh,Sense of Identity, Continuity and Context

ii iii. i. Co Con ntinu tinuit ityy

INTRODUCTION TRANSITION Thus, generating

i.

New cultural geographies

ii ii..

Crea Creati ting ng spa space cess that that refl reflec ectt thei theirr atti attitu tude de and and aspi aspirratio ations ns..

Urban Redevelopment: Redevelopment: a study of high rise buildings, Pg. 17, K Narayan Reddy Pranali Parikh,Sense of Identity, Continuity and Context

Hyderabad is a historic city and is famed for its monuments, temples, churches, masjids, and bazaars. A large number of factors have influenced and shaped the character of the city in the last 400 years. Its location on the crossroads of North and South India, has developed the city layer by layer, layer, and the result result is a culmination culmination of cultures cultures predominantly reflected in the Architecture. Architecture. The old city can, thus, be identified as to have inculcated an ORGANIC form of development, whereas the new city is being planned radially with precision.

NEED FOR STUDY 1. To understand understand the different different phases phases in history and how resulted resulted in the existing existing character character of the city. 2. The nee need d for for deline delineati ating ng the the sens sense e of an orga organic nic city city 3. The progres progresss in deve developm lopment ental al aspect aspectss as as a relation relation with time 4. Preparin Preparing g for newer newer societie societiess by draw drawing ing infer inference encess from from proces process. s. The 400 year old heritage her itage – iconic of the Nizam rule

r e t c a r a h c

Contemporary Contemporary Built-form taking Hyderabad around the globe

The aim of this dissertation is to explore the influence of transition, on the Hyderabad with time. “architectural expression” of the city of Hyderabad The facades have an individual physical identity and a visual impact that makes them as important as the architectural form. They express a striving for ethnic and personal identity . OBJECTIVES

1. 2.

3. 4.

To prepar prepare e a timeli timeline ne of eve events nts and their their conse consecut cutive ive archi architec tectur tural al implications based on historical development of the city. city. To identify the various various elements that form a part of this architectural architectural expression in detail that can be associated with a particular architectural style. To study the elements and relate them to the timeline and hence, Establish a relationship between the transforming architectural architectural styles.

Thus, enabling one to constitute the co-relation and influence, between a series of events and how they find an expression expression in architecture architecture and the setting of a place.

About Hyderabad City The history of the heritage of the city, to a large extent, is contributed by the natural heritage. The natural heritage of the city gave birth to the architectural architectural heritage.

PHASES IN THE HISTORY OF THE CITY

A guide to heritage of Hyderabad: natural and the Built, Madhu Vottery, P 6.

Pre-Independence Period PHASE I: The Qutb Shahi rule (1518-1687) PHASE II: The Mughal rule, the transitional phase and the establishment establishment of the Asaf Jahi rule (1687-1724) PHASE III: The Asaf Jahi rule, (1724-1948) (1724-1948) + Influence of the British British Settlement Settlement in early 19th century a. Architecture from Phase I and II with an advent of Purely European Architecture. b. A phase influenced by European Architecture. c. The mixed style, Architecture of the City Improvement Board, and the vernacular architecture.

Post-Independence Period PHASE I: Struggle Strugg le ffor or a new state (1947-1956) PHASE II: Independent State – changing linguistic majority (1960-1990) PHASE III: Eff Effects ects of Globalisation, Privatisation Privatisation ( 1990-1995) PHASE IV: Rising IT Revolution (1995-2008) PHASE V: Making a mark in the Global Scenario

TIMELINE Time

Significant Event

Architectural Architectural Implications

1518

Qutb Shahis of Golconda became independent

Re-structuring of Golconda against the mud structure

1518-1687

Shifting of palace from Golconda to Southern side of Musi

City Planning, Iconic Charminar

1578

Requirement for ease of movement across the growing city

Puranapul Bridge

1687-1724

Influence of Mughal rulers

Use of Mughal architectural features

1724-1740

defend Marathas

Building of City walls

1763

Rise of Asaf Jahi rulers

maximum construction activity

1798

Subsidiary Alliance for Military and political cooperation signed between Nizam and East India Company

North side occupied by British Cantonment – Birth of Secunderabad European style of construction

1839

ChaderGhat Bridge

1857-61

Nayapul Bridge

1874

Railway Network

1908

Flood

Secunderabad/ Hyderabad/ Kachiguda Station

TIMELINE Time

Significant Event

Architectural Implications

1912

City Improvement Board

1911-1948

Osman Ali Khan Asaf Jah VII cultural, economic and administrative reforms He is Fifth on Forbes ‘All Time Wealthiest’ list of 2008. He was even featured on the cover of the 1937 ‘Time’ magazine. It was estimated that he had $2 billion fortune in early 1940s.

1947-1950

Post Independence

1956

Division of state on linguistic basis

Establishment of certain government offices

1960-1980

Inflow of Telugu’s to the city

Growth of Multinucleated city. Commercial plazas

1990

Globalisation

Private commercial firms

1995

Rising IT Revolution

Large scale buildings to accommodate the IT boom.

2000-2012

World Class Information Technology Location

Buildings that follow the universal style

Saw maximum construction activity as monumental architecture for major administrative structures

CHARACTERISTIC OF THE CHANGING ARCHITECTURAL EXPRESSION A traditional city that has witnessed the changes in time and is a mark of existence of the cultural expression of the community and profound local character. character.

BRITISH CANTONMENT

CONGESTED CITY 1518

1798

E H T F O

ORGANIC A contemporary urban city that is devoid of the local/ethnic context.

PLANNED CHARMINAR 1518 - 1687 Kenneth Powell, City Transformed Urban Architecture at the Beginning of the 21st century

Y T I C

Y M O T A N A

Planned along Principal Axis with the Charminar at the centre. Clearly visible was the hierarch hie rarchyy of the roads The internal roads formulated according to Grid Iron Pattern.

Y T I C E H T F O

Within 2 years of completion of Charminar, Charminar, a bustling life was visible around this colossal landmark and commerce free flowing in all directions. Jan Pieper, Hyderabad – A Qur’anic paradise in Architectural Metaphors SP Shorey, Eighteenth Century Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Anatomy of an Old Map

Y M O T A N A

Kukatpally

Ameerpet

Secunderabad

Y T I C E H T

Abids Koti Golconda Dilshuknagar Charminar

F O

Y M O T A N A

Y T I C

The Expanding City

CHANGING PATTERNS SINCE INDEPENDENCE

USE OF NEW BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

•

CHANGING NEEDS/ BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

•

TRANSFORMING AESTHETICS

•

SATTELIT SATTELITE E TOWNSHIPS

E H T F O

Y M O T A N A

GOLCONDA FORT

Influence of Bahmani/ Deccani Style The monumental scale of the fort emphasises on the authoritative presence and a concrete establishment of a city to be give the place its own sense of identity Golconda through time: A mirror of the evolving Deccan By Marika Sardar, New York University

The pointed arched facades Repeating arches Arched Retaining Walls

DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE

CHAR KAMAN Jan Pieper, Hyderabad – A Qur’anic paradise in Architectural Metaphors PALACE CHOWMAHALLA

MECCA MASJID

COMMERCIAL PRECINCT LAAD BAZAAR

Meant to suit needs of an Islamic city T Signature of Islamic Architecture X Establishment of strong E T Muslim hold in the N Inspiration drawn from Islamic Tazias O region C

Sense of Identity CHARMINAR 1800 and Today! – A Living Heritage

y t i Confluence of Muslim u n i t and Deccani architectural n features o c Four arches,and framed by lofty minarets on all sides. Composition of pointed arches. Use of Islamic ornamentation - floral

Principal Mosque of Hyderabad Second Largest Mosque in India

Elements – pointed arches, wall treated with miniature pointed arches as parapets, minars as framing elements T Signature of Islamic X Establishment of strong E Architecture. T Muslim hold in the N They have a close resemblance to the O region arches at Charminar and Golconda C

Sense of Identity

The cornices running around the entire mosque structure and the floral motifs and friezes over the arches highlight great attention paid to detail in Qutub Shahi architecture.

MECCA MASJID - 1617

PATHARGATTI STREET – THEN AND NOW 1880

MAJOR COMMERCIAL PRECINCT

2012

INTENSIFICATION OF THE OLD CITY CORE CHANGE IN THE ELEMENTS OF THE FAÇADEArchitecturally pleasing composition of existing façade by repeating elements and integrating features from other sources.

PATHARGATTI STREET – A RESULT OF MULTIPLE INTERVENTIONS – UNIQUE SENSE OF IDENTITY

T X Establishment Establishment of E T Commercial Precinct N for trade enchancement O C

QUTB SHAHI

Mughal Invasion led to Influence on façade character-making presence at the prime location

MUGHAL

Colonial character – an infusion By the British settlement

BRITISH

Intensification of trade activities by providing scope and more area

ASAF JAHI

Changing Sense of Identity from a major bridge connecting connecting important destinations to grade I heritage structure structure put to pedestrian use

Gateway Gatewa y converted to a temple showing growth of Hindu hold in the region with time

PURANAPUL - 1578

1880

Today! An informal shopping precinct

Multi- Cusped Arches Chowmahalla Palace Multi-tiered & simple pointed arches Agra fort – Example Mughal Architecture Jharokha/ Canopied Windows

Characteristic Characteristic of Early Asaf Jahi Period are Multi-Cusped Arches, along with multi-tiered and simple pointed arches and jharoka / canopied canopied windows. Mughal influence of bangladar window/ kiosk Mughal fluted coupled columns with vegetal capitals and acanthus leaves.

EARLY EARLY ASAF JAHI PERIOD

BRITISH RESIDENCY 1797-1805 The splendid Palladian Residency is an example of the fine, impressive buildings the British vied to construct. Corintian Columns Semi-circular Semi-circular arches Jack-Arched roofing Roman and Palladian Facade

WESLEY CHURCH - 1916

MID ASAF JAHI PERIOD

MEHBOOB COLLEGE 1862

James Street Circa, 1880

Influence of British architecture: Missing Today Today

JAMES STREET / M.G Road SECUNDERABAD

The devastating flood of 1908

The flood embankments on both sides will be carried out to a height of 5 feet above the flood level. For greater part of their length these embankments will be constructed with boulevards… boulevards….The boulevards will be lungs of the city. The poor who will largely use the footpaths and the roads will benefit as much as the rich, by clean, shaded, well kept roadways and graceful houses and surroundings… surroundings… for health healt h and for pleasure… pleasure…. its greatest importance that Government should not miss this opportunity to render the river front healthy and picturesque.” picturesque.” Sir Visvesvaraya’s Report, October 1,1909 ‘The Flood of 1908 at Hyderabad – Hyderabad – An Account of the Flood, Its Causes and Proposed Preventive Measures’

LATE LATE ASAF JAHI PERIOD

FORMULATION OF THE CITY IMPROVEMENT BOARD – 1912 RESULT WAS INDO-SARCENIC ARCHITECTURE OF HYDERABAD, CREATED BY THE APPOINTED ARCHITECT VINCENT ESCH, COMBINING THE ARCHITECTURAL STYLE OF THE CITY UNDER THE NIZAMS, THE PRINCELY STATE OF HYDERABAD GREW IN AREA AS LARGE AS GREAT BRITAIN

Politically, since the borders of British India were designated permanent with no further expansion, those outside colonial rule, entered into formal relations with the British. Thus, the confirmation of political security was established for the Asaf Jah dynasty, with the treasury at his full disposal.

POLITICAL IDENTITY

BRITISH REQUIREMENTS

ADMINISTRATIVE PURPOSE

INCREASING HIS OWN POWER

EXHIBIT LOCAL DOMINANCE

MONUMENTAL ARCHITECTURE INTEGRATE EXISTING URBAN CHARACTER

INDO-SARCENIC STYLE OF ARCHITECTURE Symbolic Power

The buildings recalibrated the authority symbolised by the cultural heritage into a new statement on Asaf Jahi political identity that clearly highlighted his shift from the mughals towards a new claim for roots in the Deccan. His architectural patronage used both processes and symbols that were clearly linked to traditions in the Islamic world and were imagined on an urban scale. When imagined on an urban scale, they were intended to present an urban design that changed a proto-colonial Mughal city into a new Princely State Capital.

– Alison Mackenzie Shah in The City in an Islamic World, Volume 1, Page 589.

THE DESIGN FOR A NEW HISTORY OF A NEW POLITICAL IDENTITY

LATE LATE ASAF JAHI PERIOD

HIGH COURT - 1919

OSMANIA HOSPITAL - 1921

STA STATE LIBRARY LIBR ARY

CITY COLLEGE- 1921 MOZAMJAHI MARKET

STATE ARCHEOLOGICAL MUSEUM – INSTALLED INSTALLED 1930 193 0 (BUIL (BUI LT 1864)

STATE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY - 1913 The soaring white domes and the canopies fill the sky. Belongs to SarcenicRajasthani Architecture style which is visible from the combination of domes (Qutb Shahi) and multi-cusped arches and jharokha windows.

SALARJUNG MUSEUM - 1930

1951 – Housed at Dewan Devdi

1968 – Inaugrated by Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru

Museum gets a facelift with time

e c n e d n e p e d n I t s o P e t a t S w e N s u g u l e T f o x u l f n I

n o i t u l o v e R T I

INDIA BECAME INDEPENDENT: YET UNREST PREVAILED – 1947 FORMATION OF THE NEW STATE OF ANDHRA PRADESH - 1956 The Struggle for Independence and Division of state on linguistics basis, continued continued for a decade, and it is observed that the construction activity came to a stand still. It can be addressed as a state of “POLITICAL TRANSITION”

The progress or leap in architecture architecture during the Asaf Jahi dynasty was absent. The Monumental Administrative buildings that were constructed during the reign of the Asaf Jahi dynasty were already in use. The administrative section continued to function in the existing buildings. The palace of the Nizam was converted into the State Assembly.

e c n e d n e p e d n I t s o P

Hyderabad developed into a multi-nucleated urban centre of the region under different political, economic and socio-cultural conditions that added onto the existing urban complexities. complexities.

e t a t S w e N s u g u l e T f o x u l f n I


Hyderabad emerged not only as the administrative centre but also into a major industrial centre. Started to develop extensively with a multitude of opportunities, visible from the large influx of population between 19411961. This resulted in the formation of many suburban settlements/ agglomeration agglomeration units. The growth of the city was not only peripheral but also intensification of residential and commercial commercial activities in the city core. Urban Redevelopm

High rise in Hyderabad, K. Narayan


THE SECRETARIAT



CHANGE FROM PREDOMINANT MUSLIM DOMINATED REGION TO HINDU DOMINATION

CONTEXT

USE OF HINDU TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE IN DETIAL

SENSE OF IDENTITY


POTTI SRIRAMULU TELUGU UNIVERSITY - 1985



Suggestive Temple form

Tiered Shikhara Windows Ornamented with traditional motifs and brackets

Changing face of Monumental buildings from Islamic to Telugu Temple Architecture

e c n e d n e p e d n I t s o P e t a t S w e N s u g u l e T f o x u l f n I


SULTAN BAZAAR SHOPPING PRECINCT

The shops along the street are very functional. The merchandise displayed on the street becomes the aesthetics, and the signages – the identity, thus making the building design is only secondary. Integrated into the chaotic fabric are few old buildings that are not redeveloped and are in a dilapidated state and if restored can add to the heritage value.

CHARACTER OF MULTI-STOREYED COMMERCIAL PLAZAS

1970-80


SECUNDERABAD GENERAL BAZAAR LOST IN TRANSITION

e t a t S w e N t n e m p o l e v e d c i t o a h C n o i t u l o v e R T I

DECLINE IN ARCHITECTURAL ARCHITECTURAL PERSCEPTION – RISING NEED FOR SPACE FOR TRADE

CONTEXT

CHARACTER DEVIANT EXPRESSION

SENSE OF IDENTITY

e c n e d n e p e d n I t s o P e t a t S w e N t n e m p o l e v e d c i t o a h C n o i t u l o v e R T I

LOST IN TRANSITION


Use of arches in the façade with a difference. Unique stepped form Monumental appearance

TAJ KRISHNA K RISHNA

e c n e d n e p e d n I t s o P e t a t S w e N t n e m p o l e v e d c i t o a h C

The glass façade with all its transparency provides a complete view of the store and the advertisements to the outside.


GVK ONE, BANJARA HILLS - 2009


HYDERABD CENTRAL

e t a t S w e N t n e m p o l e v e d c i t o a h C n o i t u l o v e R T I

CITY CENTRE

INORBIT MALL

THE FINANCIAL DISTRICT - MINDSPACE


The Cyber Gateway is Phase II of HITEC City. A giant arch in front of the building stands as a gateway to the rest of HITEC City and hence the name. A glass façade, landscaped gardens, and waiting lounge. Special bracing to take the load of 10 floors.

CYBER TOWERS, HI-TECH CITY – 1998 : Iconic of the IT Revolution in Hyderabad TATA CONSULTANCY SERVICES (TCS)

VANENBURG IT PARK - 2004

MICROSOFT

IBM

DELL

BRINGING THE INTERNATIONAL STYLE TO HYDERABAD

WAVEROCK WAVEROCK IT PARK, GACHIBOWLI

HYDERABAD INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION CENTRE

MARKING HYDERABAD GLOBALLY GLOBALLY


RAJIV GANDHI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT


The façade provides a range of transparency according to the needs of the spaces inside. Perforated and embossed metal screens over a high performance glazing system give privacy to the hotel rooms while allowing diffused daylight to enter the interior spaces. The project certification.

has

LEED

Gold

THE PARK, HYDERABAD

CONCLUSIONS We are called to be architects of the future, not its victims. Richard Buckminster Fuller

TRANSFORMING EXPRESSIONS CHARMINAR

DRAWING AN INSPIRATION FROM THE PAST Giving shape to the present expression from the identity of a bygone era

HITEX

TRANSFORMING EXPRESSIONS BEGUMPET AIRPORT

SHAMSHAHBAD AIRPORT

TOWARDS A GLOBAL IMAGE Giving shape to an expression that portrays portrays an identity at the global gl obal level.

TRANSFORMING EXPRESSIONS

SECUNDERABAD RAILWA RAILWAY STA STATION FRONT

REAR

8 1 6 1 : S B M O T A R U P L U H G O M : Y T I C E H T F O E C A F G N I G N A H C

Pictorial Essays – 1975-2011, by Hans Winterberg and Thomas Leuttege, INTACH, INTACH, Hyderabad and Zeothe Zentrum Hyderabad

REINVENTING THE PAST EXPRESSION Restoring the structures to retain their original charm.

NAMPALLY

AND THE FAÇADE HAS ITS OWN EMOTIONS !!!

THANK YOU !!!

Maitreyi Yellapragada Under the Guidance of Dr. Dr. Rajashree Kotharkar

Hyderabad City in Transition

Recommend Documents