Chapter 20 - The Age of Early Modernism 1871-1914
Chapter 20 The Age of Early Modernism 1871-1914
Multiple Choie !uestions
1. Modernism as a !"lt"ral mo#ement that A. mar$ed A. mar$ed the end of the Middle Ages. "# re%e!ted &oth 're!o-(oman !lassi!ism and the )"deo-Christian tradition. C. &egan C. &egan ith the (enaissan!e. *. shared *. shared the re#ol"tionary ideas of Mar+ism.
2. ,hat three ma%or for!es of the late nineteenth !ent"ry laid the fo"ndation for m"!h of tentieth and tenty-first !ent"ry history A. Christianity A. Christianity fe"dalism and manorialism /. ar /. ar famine and plag"e C# imperialism militarism and nationalism *. o#erpop"lation *. o#erpop"lation poll"tion and !lass #iolen!e
. ,estern ,estern E"rope in the Age of Early Earl y Modernism A. mo#ed A. mo#ed !loser to politi!al "nity. "# itnessed the groing politi!al poer of the middle !lass. C. !ame C. !ame in!reasingly "nder the infl"en!e of Ameri!an !"lt"re. *. la"n!hed *. la"n!hed a moral !r"sade against modernism.
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Chapter 20 - The Age of Early Modernism 1871-1914
4. Comparing the 5irst 6nd"strial (e#ol"tion to the e!ond 6nd"strial (e#ol"tion hi!h of the folloing is !orre!t A. The pa!e of "r&ani3ation sloed in the e!ond 6nd"strial (e#ol"tion. /. The e!ond 6nd"strial (e#ol"tion fo"nd no ne forms of energy and still relied on !oal and ater. C. 'reat /ritain had no !ompetitors and !ontin"ed to &e the leader in the e!ond 6nd"strial (e#ol"tion. $# !ientifi! resear!h played a larger role in the e!ond 6nd"strial (e#ol"tion than in the 5irst 6nd"strial (e#ol"tion.
. 6n the period 1871-1914 many E"ropeans mo#ed to the !ities &e!a"se A# "r&an %o&s paid &etter than those in the !o"ntry. /. the !ities promised free so!ial &enefits to their !iti3ens. C. !ity life as more spirit"al than ere isolated r"ral areas. *. "r&an s!hool systems ere &etter than those in the !o"ntryside.
. :ife in the groing !ities of the late nineteenth !ent"ry A. as m"!h &etter for the or$ing !lass than for the middle !lass. /. mo#ed at a sloer pa!e than life in the !o"ntry. C# pro#ided omen ne opport"nities for %o&s. *. &l"rred the lines &eteen the ealthy and the poor.
7. ,omen in the e!ond 6nd"strial (e#ol"tion e+perien!ed hi!h of the folloing A. They had no opport"nities to ad#an!e in ed"!ation. /. They ere "na&le to get themsel#es organi3ed aro"nd !ertain !ommon goals s"!h as property rights and di#or!e las. C# They fo"nd ne !areers in!l"ding tea!hing n"rsing and retailing. *. They %oined la&or "nions in larger n"m&ers than their male !o"nterparts.
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Chapter 20 - The Age of Early Modernism 1871-1914
8. ,hi!h of the folloing !an &e !onsidered a so!ial !hange that o!!"rred &eteen 1871 and 1914 A. the passing of las gi#ing omen the right to #ote "# the esta&lishment of p"&li! s!hool systems C. the !reation of a &ill of rights for peasants in eastern E"ropean states *. the fo"nding of a so!ial elfare system in ("ssia
9. ,hi!h !o"ntries !omprised the Triple Entente A# 5ran!e 'reat /ritain and ("ssia /. 'ermany A"stria-"ngary and 6taly C. 'ermany A"stria-"ngary and ("ssia *. 5ran!e 'reat /ritain and the ;nited tates
10. ;nli$e 'ermany and 5ran!e 'reat /ritain d"ring the 1871-1914 period A. as &eset ith #iolen!e at home. /. sa the rise of militant so!ialist parties. C# had more s"!!ess reforming the li#ing !onditions of the poor. *. itnessed the de!line of its middle !lass.
11. The !ity that epitomi3ed modernism d"ring this period as A#
12. /eteen 1871 and 1914 most E"ropean nations A. treated domesti! and foreign affairs as e>"al in importan!e. /. t"rned their attention e+!l"si#ely to domesti! matters. C# shifted their interests from domesti! to foreign affairs and the glo&al e!onomy. *. dismantled their military ma!hines.
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Chapter 20 - The Age of Early Modernism 1871-1914
1. ,hat as the most stri$ing feat"re of e+pressionist m"si! A. lyri!ism "# atonality C. ord painting *. po"nding rhythms
14. ?ne of the ma%or !a"ses of late-nineteenth-!ent"ry imperialism as A. that the &alan!e of poer in E"rope needed to &e redressed. "# that the ind"striali3ed nations re>"ired ne mar$ets. C. the rise of 6ndia as a great ind"strial poer. *. a de!line in s"rpl"s !apital.
1. ,ho de#eloped a theory of a "ni#ersal !olle!ti#e "n!ons!io"s A. 5re"d "# )"ng C. iet3s!he *. @mile ola
1. The immediate !a"se of ,orld ,ar 6 as a >"arrel &eteen A. 'ermany and ("ssia. /. 5ran!e and 'ermany. C# A"stria and er&ia. *. A"stria and ("ssia.
17. Early modernism as !hara!teri3ed &y A. an admiration for medie#al tho"ght and art. /. a desire to rein#ent the past thro"gh painting and m"si!. C. the needs of many artists and thin$ers to identify ith the ne ri!h !lasses. $# a yearning to mo#e to an "n!ertain &"t e+!iting f"t"re.
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Chapter 20 - The Age of Early Modernism 1871-1914
18. Early modernismBs optimism a&o"t the f"t"re as reinfor!ed &y A. a reneal of Christianity. "# ad#an!es in s!ien!e and te!hnology. C. the spread of Mar+ism. *. an "ps"rge in the arts.
19. iet3s!heBs life and tho"ght are ironi!al in hat ay A. *espite his anti-Christian #ies many Christians admired him. "# Altho"gh he as an opponent of a strong 'erman state his ritings ere later ta$en "p &y the a3is ho ad#o!ated a "nified 'ermany. C. A pop"lar thin$er d"ring his lifetime he !eased to ha#e any infl"en!e after ,orld ,ar 66. *. ,hile he glorified so!ialism the ,estBs indi#id"alisti! artists made him one of their heroes.
20. )a33 as infl"en!ed &y A. 'regorian !hants. /. &aro>"e opera. C. 6ndian sa!red m"si!. $# ,est Afri!an and Afri!an-Cari&&ean rhythms.
21. 5re"d tho"ght that h"man personality as A. shaped &y the en#ironment and therefore !o"ld &e altered &y !hanging the sit"ation. /. determined &y hat 'od had implanted in ea!h person and as th"s "n!hangea&le. C# the prod"!t of an ines!apa&le str"ggle &eteen in&orn instin!ts and a !"lt"rally-!reated !ons!ien!e. *. free and spontaneo"s and !o"ld !hange at ill.
22. The three styles of early modernist literat"re are A. realism impressionism and romanti!ism. "# nat"ralism de!aden!e and e+pressionism. C. f"n!tionalism organi!ism and !onstr"!ti#ism. *. fa"#ism !"&ism and s"rrealism.
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Chapter 20 - The Age of Early Modernism 1871-1914
2. ate Chopin !an &e des!ri&ed as A. one of the most important of the romanti! a"thors. "# a riter hose or$ refle!ted the trend aay romanti!ism and toard realism and nat"ralism. C. the last of the nat"ralisti! riters. *. a poetess ho !a"ght the meaning of nat"re in her #erse.
24. olaBs no#els e+press nat"ralism &y A. &eing set in the !o"ntryside. /. ignoring details and fo!"sing on impressions. C# e+ploring serio"s so!ial iss"es. *. dealing ith the poer of nat"re.
2. 6&senBs A Doll's House is ritten in hi!h style A# nat"ralism /. de!aden!e C. e+pressionism *. realism
2. The hero in "ysmansBs Against Nature e+presses hat de!aden!e means &y A# !"lti#ating "nfashiona&le and e+oti! pleas"res. /. em&ra!ing materialism. C. es!aping to a tropi!al island. *. &e!oming a de#otee of mass !"lt"re.
27. ?ne e+ample of de!aden!e in literat"re is A. af$aBs The Trial. "# ,ildeBs The Picture of Dorian Gray. C. 6&senBs A Doll's House. *. olaBs Germinal.
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Chapter 20 - The Age of Early Modernism 1871-1914
28. ?ne e+ample of e+pressionism in literat"re is A. Che$ho#Bs The Three Sisters. /. ,ildeBs The Picture of Dorian Gray. C. =ro"stBs Remembrance of Things Past. $# trind&ergBs The Dream Play.
29. af$aBs no#el The Trial has hi!h modernist theme A. a person &ro"ght to a tragi! end for ha#ing &ro$en the "ni#erseBs moral !ode /. a person o#erhelmed &y the spirit"al for!es of nat"re C# a person #i!timi3ed &y for!es &eyond the indi#id"al h"manBs !ontrol *. a person for!ed to !hoose &eteen !ons!ien!e and the las of the state
0. The first s!ientist to in to o&el =ri3es for s!ien!e as A. Al&ert Einstein. "# Madame C"rie. C. Ma+ =lan!$. *. 'regor Mendel.
1. Ma+ =lan!$ is !redited ith A. dis!o#ering D-rays. "# esta&lishing the >"ant"m theory of radiation. C. form"lating the theory of dominant and re!essi#e genes. *. e+plaining the &eha#ior of ele!trons at the s"&atomi! le#el.
2. iels /ohr A. esta&lished the >"ant"m theory of radiation. /. pro#ed that the etonian system as still #alid. C# e+plained the &eha#ior of ele!trons at the s"&atomi! le#el. *. dis!o#ered D-rays.
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Chapter 20 - The Age of Early Modernism 1871-1914
. ,hose gro"nd&rea$ing resear!h as redis!o#ered &y three resear!hers in 1900 and &e!ame the &asis for the ne s!ien!e of geneti!s A. =lan!$Bs /. C"rieBs C. /ohrBs $# MendelBs
4. 6mpressionist painters ere inno#ati#e &e!a"se they A# painted o"t of doors not in their st"dios. /. !reated the first a&stra!t paintings. C. ere !on!erned ith pre!ise forms and lines in their or$s. *. or$ed from many !aref"lly dran s$et!hes and plans.
. The impressionists ere infl"en!ed &y the A. neo!lassi!al painters. /. &aro>"e painters. C. pre-(aphaelites. $# romanti! painters.
. ,hi!h of the folloing is !hara!teristi! of e+pressionist m"si! A. m"si! that is harmonio"s and soothing "# an a&sen!e of a harmonio"s frame of referen!e C. m"si! that offers an ideali3ed #ie of the orld *. a te+t "nrelated to the m"si!al so"nds
7. MonetBs painting Impression Sunrise A. as em&ra!ed &y the !riti!s as a great or$ of art. "# helped &ring him to lead the impressionist !a"se. C. !a"sed him to !hange his style of painting. *. immediately infl"en!ed the traditional art s!hools in 5ran!e.
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Chapter 20 - The Age of Early Modernism 1871-1914
8. (enoirBs painting style !an &e des!ri&ed as A. pioneering the tradition that led to !"&ism. "# mo#ing &eyond impressionism to a greater !on!entration on form. C. e+perimenting !onstantly ith #ario"s styles. *. restoring !lassi!al prin!iples to art.
9. ?ne of the res"lts of the impressionist mo#ement as that A. a single international style no emerged. /. !ontent no &e!ame more important than form in art. C. myth literat"re and history &e!ame the s"&%e!ts of art. $# art as freed to mo#e in many dire!tions.
40. Among the leading painters of postimpressionism ere A. Monet (enoir and Morisot. "# C3anne 'a"g"in and #an 'ogh. C. =i!asso Matisse and /ra>"e. *. Co"r&et Manet and Millet.
41. C3anneBs paintings pointed the ay to the tentieth !ent"ryBs A. primiti#ist art. "# a&stra!t art. C. e+pressionist art. *. s"rrealist art.
42.
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Chapter 20 - The Age of Early Modernism 1871-1914
4. 6n #an 'oghBs or$ the term e!pressionism meant A# "sing the or$ to ser#e as a #ehi!le for his pri#ate emotions. /. finding a painterly #o!a&"lary to sym&oli3e m"si!. C. !apt"ring the fleeting play of light on h"mans and o&%e!ts. *. or$ing ith geometri! shapes.
44. ,hi!h impressionist artist as the first to imitate "$iyo-e prints A. Cla"de Monet /. A"g"ste (enoir C# Mary Cassatt *. /erthe Morisot
4. ,hi!h ar!hite!t !oined the phrase Fform follos f"n!tionF A# :o"is "lli#an /. 5ran$ :loyd ,right C. A"g"ste (odin *. 'eorges e"rat
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Chapter 20 - The Age of Early Modernism 1871-1914
Essay !uestions
4. ,hat for!es ere leading to ar d"ring the "neasy pea!e &eteen 1871 and 1914 o did the periodBs !"lt"re refle!t this am&ig"o"s time Ansers ill #ary
47. ,hat is meant &y the e!ond 6nd"strial (e#ol"tion o did it affe!t E"ropean so!iety Ansers ill #ary
48. *is!"ss the infl"en!e of iet3s!he and 5re"d on the modernist mo#ement gi#ing spe!ifi! e+amples of their impa!t on arts and ideas. Ansers ill #ary
49. ,hat ad#an!ements ere made in &iology !hemistry and physi!s &eteen 1871 and 1914 6dentify the ma%or parti!ipants and their !ontri&"tions. Ansers ill #ary
0. ,hat ere the patterns of ind"strial groth in !entral and eastern E"rope and ho did the !o"ntries in those regions deal ith the e!onomi! !hanges &eteen 1871 and 1914 Ansers ill #ary
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Chapter 20 - The Age of Early Modernism 1871-1914
1. *es!ri&e the nat"re of late-nineteenth-!ent"ry imperialism and &riefly identify hi!h E"ropean nations !laimed hat territories aro"nd the orld. Ansers ill #ary
2. ,hat &eliefs of ,estern tho"ght ere >"estioned &y the early modernists o ere these do"&ts manifested in literat"re and the arts Ansers ill #ary
. ,hat ideologies &egan !hallenging enlightenment ideals after 1871 ,hy did they appear on the s!ene Ansers ill #ary
4. ,hat ere the g"iding p"rposes and !hara!teristi!s of impressionism ;se the paintings of Monet (enoir Cassatt and Morisot G!hoose toH as the &asis of yo"r dis!"ssion. Ansers ill #ary
. ,hat is meant &y postimpressionism ,ho ere its leading painters *es!ri&e ho the or$s of e"rat #an 'ogh 'a"g"in or C3anne e+pressed this style. Ansers ill #ary
. *is!"ss early modernist literat"re fo!"sing on the styles of nat"ralism de!aden!e and e+pressionism. 6dentify at least to representati#e or$s from ea!h style in yo"r essay. Ansers ill #ary
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