cinetica quimica

SEMINARIO N°7 TÍTULO: “CINETICA TÍTULO: “CINETICA QUIMICA” CURSO: CURSO: QUÍMICA FÍSICA. GRUPO: GRUPO: 4 SECCIÓN: SECCIÓN: “B” INTEGRANTES DEL GRUPO: GRUPO: UCEDA SANCHEZ, ALEX VARAS ARRIBASPLATA ARRI BASPLATA VERÓNICA VARAS RODRIGUEZ RODRIGU EZ PAUL VARELA AV AVILA BERTHA BE RTHA KATHERINNE(COORDINADO KATHERINNE(CO ORDINADORA) RA) VARELA PEREZ WILDER WILD ER VARGAS RENA MELIN ME LIN VAS!UEZ AR!UEROS ALEXANDER

PRO"ESOR : Mg. QF. ROGER ANTONIO RENGIFO PENADILLOS.

SECCIÓN ACAD#MICA DE !UÍMICA E INSTRUMENTACIÓN

DEPART DEPARTAMENTO AMENTO ACAD#MICO DE BIO!UÍMICA BIO!UÍMI CA

"ACULTAD DE "ARMACIA  BIO!UÍMICA

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE TRU$ILLO TRU$ILLO%PER&

'* CINETICA !UIMICA 1. Un isoo!o "#$io#%i&o s' $'s%o(!on' $' #%)'"$o # )n# "'#%%i*n $' !"i('" o"$'n+ '(ii'n$o !#",%)-#s #-#+ s) &i$# ('$i# 's $' 1/ (in)os. 0C#-%)-#" '- i'(!o 'n '- %)#- '23 $' -# ()'s"# s'" $'s%o(!)'s#5 D#os: 6 t 12 =15 min 6 [ A ] =20 6 [ A o ]= 100 6 t =? R'so-)%ion: 7C#-%)-#(os -# %ons#n': t 1 = 2

K =

0,693

K 0,693 15 min −1

K = 0,0462 min

78#--#(os '- i'(!o: ln [ A ] =− Kt + ln [ A o ] −1

ln [ 20 ] =0,0462 min t + ln [ 100 ]

t =34,84 min

9. A 9/C -# ; !#"# -# s#!onii%#%i*n $'- #%'#o $' 'i-o !o" N#O8 's <.=<(in64+ !#"i'n$o %on %on%'n"#%ion's ig)#-'s $' >#s' ? $'- 's'" $' 2.29M@ %#-%)-#" -# !"o!o"%i*n $' 's'" )' s'" s#!onii%#$# 'n 12 (in R'so-)%i*n C8=COOC98/  N#O8

C8=COON#  C98/O8

D#os A2  2.29 ; <+=< (in61  12 (in.

So-)%ion x kt = A ( A − x )

(6,36 min−1 )( 10 min)=

2.221M D''"(in#" -# !"o!o"%i*n

P

0.00199 M 0.02 M

 2.2/

x 0.02 ( 0.02− x )

=. Un# s)s#n%i# A s' ('H%-# 'n %#ni$#$'s ig)#-'s %on o"# s)s#n%i# B+ #- %#>o $' 122 s'g)n$os+ -# (i#$ $' A # "'#%%ion#$o+ #&'"ig)#" -# "#%%i*n $' -# %#ni$#$ ini%i#- )' !'"(#n'%'" o$#&,# sin "'#%%ion#" #- %#>o $' 9222 s'g)n$os D#os: A  1 A2  2./ 1 122 s A2 9 9222s

#J C)#n$o -# "'#%%i*n 's $' !"i('" o"$'n LnA  6K  LnA2  D''"(in#%i*n $' K Ln2./  6K122 sJ  Ln 1 ; 6

ln 0.5− ln 1 100 s

K 2.22<=s61  C-%)-o $'- "'(#n'n' LnA  6K  LnA2 Ln A  62.22<=s61 9222sJLn1

[ A ] =e−13.86

A./<126

>J C)#n$o -# "'#%%i*n 's $' s'g)n$o o"$'n 1

[ A ]

=−kt +

1

[ A ]0

 D''"(in#%i*n $' K 1 1 =−k (100 s )+ 0.5 1 2− 1 100 s

;

; 62.21 s61

 C-%)-o $'- "'(#n'n' 1

[ A ]

=−kt +

−0.01 s−1 1

=−¿

A

A

1 21

A 2.24

1

[ A ]0

J ( 2000 s )+

1 1

4. P#"# %i'"# "'#%%i*n '- #%o" "'%)'n%i# 's 63

12

−1

8.7 × 10 s

? -# 'n'"g,# $' #%i&#%i*n 's

KJ + 0%)- 's -# ; !#"# -# "'#%%i*n # /C5 mol

R'so-)%i*n: D*n$': ;: %ons#n' $' &'-o%i$#$. 05 A: #%o" "'%)'n%i#.

12

−1

8.7 × 10 s

T: T'(!'"#)"# #>so-)#. /C =4; R: Con#n's $' -os g#s's 'n %#-o",#s  E#: 'n'"g,# $' #%i&#%i*n.

63

1.987 cal / ° K × mol

KJ 15.057 Kcal = mol mol

− Ea/ RT

K = A × e

1.987 cal 15057 cal / mol (¿¿ ° K × mol )( 348 ° K ) 12

K = 8.7 × 10

−1

s

2

×e

¿

−1

K =303.891 × 10 s

/. S' i'n' )n# "'#%%i*n $on$' s' !"o$)%' )n %i$o ? s) %on"o- s' $''"(in# %on )n i$"*i$o+ %)?os &o-('n's )i-iH#$os son:

Ti'(!o (inJ

2

9+2

<2+2

∞

o-)('n (LJ 2

1+1

9<+2

9+

D'(os"#" )' s' "## $' )n# "'#%%i*n $' !"i('" o"$'n ? %#-%)-#" s) &i$# ('$i#.

R'so-)%ion:  05

T 1 / 2

;  05 d [ A ]  6;A d [ t ]

$ [ A ]  $ 6;AJ d [ A ]  6K$ A F

∫ °

ln ( A f )

ln

 6

( ) 6 2

6

( / )  A°

A 2

∫−kdt °

A°

ln ( A° )

ln

F

dA A

ln ( A° )

ln ( A° )

ln

 6K 

( )  A° 2

k t 1/2

−k t 1 /2

k t 1/2



ln 2 ln 2

k t 1/2



k

t 1 /2

A%i$o “n” (o-'s t 1  9+2 V 1  2 V 1  1+1 (-



n 18,1 ml

&  9<+2

[]2 

2

1 mol 26 ml



∞

1000 ml 1 L

&  9+

1 mol 29,7 ml

[]3  ==+<

 mol L

 =+4<

t 3 

3

1000 ml 1 L

mol L

[]  //+9/  <2





1000 ml 1 L

mol L



[ final ] −[ inicio ] t f −t i



38,46 −55,25 60 −27

  2+/294   ; [ inicio ] 2+/29  ; //+9/J ;  +2< 

−3

10

t 1 /2 

ln 2

K

t 1 /2  <+9

<. L# %ons#n' $' &'-o%i$#$ !#"# -# $'s%o(!osi%i*n $'- #Hoiso!"o!#no # 92C 's 9.2<126=s6 1

. C#-%)-#"

D#os: ; 9.2<126=s61 #J '- !o"%'n#' $' -# ()'s"# o"igin#- )' s' $'s%o(!on' $'s!)s $' 9/ s'g)n$os  9/s LnA  6K  LnA2 LnA  69.2<126=s61J 9/sJ Ln122 A e 4.55 A/3

>J '- i'(!o n'%'s#"io !#"# )' -# "'#%%i*n --'g)' #- /3 #n's $' s) '"(in#%i*n LnA  6K  LnA2 A12236/3  /3 Ln/ 6 9.2<126=s61J J Ln122 ln 5 −ln100 −2.06 x 10 −3 s −1



 14/4+94 s

. En -# #s' g#s'os# -os o(os $' io$o s' %o(>in#n !#"# o"(#" ?o$o (o-'%)-#" 's# "'#%%i*n sig)' )n# %ini%# $' s'g)n$o o"$'n ? s) %ons#n' $' &'-o%i$#$ 's 12s61 # 9=C #J si -# %on%'n"#%i*n 's 2+2
−1

9

K =7 x 10 s

R'so-)%ion:

[ A ]¿

[ A ] ( 1 + [ A ] Kt ) o o

[ A ]¿

0,086 M

(1 + 0,086 M x 7 x 10 9 s−1 x 120 )

[ A ]¿ 1,19 x 10−12 M >J C#-%)-' -# &i$# ('$i# $' -# "'#%%i*n+ si -# %on%'n"#%i*n ini%i#- 's 2.
9

−1

K =7 x 10 s

6 [ t 1 /2 ]= ?

R'so-)%ion: A [¿¿ o ] K

[ t / ]= 1¿ 1 2

[ t / ]= 1 2

1 9

−1

0,6 x 7 x 10 s

[ t / ]= 2,4 x 10−

10

1 2

s

. L# %on&'"si*n $'- %i%-o!"o!#no 'n !"o!#no 's #s' g#s'os# 's )n# "'#%%i*n $' !"i('" o"$'n %on )n# K $' <.1264 s61 # /22C D#os ; <.1264 s61

#J Si -# %on%'n"#%i*n ini%i#- 's $' 2./M 0C)- 's s) %on%'n"#%i*n $'s!)s $' 1< (in5 LnA  6K  LnA2 A22./M  1<(in<2s  <2s LnA  6<.1264 s61J<2sJ  Ln2./ A e−1.34 A2.9<=M

>J 0C)no i'(!o 'n$"  "#ns%)""i" !#"# )' -# %on%'n"#%i*n $'- %i%-o!"o!#no $is(in)?# #s# 2.=2M5 LnA  6K  LnA2 A 2.=2M A22./M Ln2.=2  6<.1264 s61JJ  Ln2./ 

ln0.3 −ln0.5 6.7 x 10− 4 s−1

 <9.4=s

%J 0C)no i'(!o --'&#"# "#nso"(#" '-
D''"(in#n$o A 12236666o#
D''"(in#n$o '- i'(!o LnA  6K  LnA2 A 2.1/M A22./M Ln2.1/  6<.1264 s61JJ  Ln2./ 

ln 0.175 −ln 0.5 6.7 x 10− 4 s−1

 1/<<.s

. L# %ons#n' $' &'-o%i$#$ $' #-g)n#s "'#%%ion's s' $)!-i%# %#$# &'H )' #)('n# -# '(!'"#)"# 'n 12C+ s)!ong# )' )n# "'#%%i*n s' --'&# # %#>o # =22; ? # =1 2;+ 0C)-

$'>'" s'" -# 'n'"g,# $' #%i&#%i*n !#"# )' -# %ons#n' $' &'-o%i$#$ s' $)!-i)' %o(o s' # $'s%"io5 K 1  Ae−εa/ RT

1

9 K 1  Ae−εa/ RT −εa / RT 1

Ae

Ae



2

− εa / R T 2

2

9 e−εa/ R T ¿ e−εa/ R T 1

( 

-og

K 2



K 1

1

−εa 2.303 R

T 2− T 1 × 2.305 R T 2 × T 1 εa

εa

-og 9 

2.305 R

×

10 300 × 310

R  1911.24 12. L# 'n'"g,# $' #%i&#%i*n !#"# %i'"# "'#%%i*n 's $' %ons#n' $' &'-o%i$#$ 's "'#%%i*n # / ° C  DATOS: 2

−1

K 1=2 × 10 min K 2=?

Ea=12200.24 cal / mol T 1 =27 ° C

T 2 =5 ° C

2

−1

2 × 10 min

12200.24 cal / mol

@ si # 9 ° C -#

+ %#-%)-#" -# %ons#n' $' &'-o%i$#$ !#"# 's#

R'so-)%i*n: ln

ln

ln

ln

K 2 Ea ×( T 2−T 1) K 1

=

R! ×T 2 ×T 1

K 2 −1

2

2 × 10 min

=

12200.24 cal / mol× ( 300 ° K −278 ° K ) 1.987

× 300 ° K × 278 ° K mol ° K 2

K 2 2

=

−1

=1.6197

K 2 2

268405.28 ° K

−1

2 × 10 min

2 × 10 min

2

165715.8 ° K

2

ln K 2− ln 2 × 10 min

−1

=1.6197 2

ln K 2=1.6197 + ln 2 × 10 min ln K 2=6.917 min K 2=e

cal

−1

−1

6.917 min

−1

K 2=1009.305 min

−1

cinetica quimica

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