class 12th project

Chemistry Project NAME: Mohit negi CLASS CL ASS: XII ROLL NO:

Aim  To te  To test st th the e pr pres ese e nc nce e of insecticides and pesticides in fruits and vegeta!es"

Index 

S . N O. 1.

CO NTENTS Ackno wled g ement  

2.

Cert if c at e

3.

Int rod uc ti on

4.

Theor  

!.

"at erial re$ u ir ed

%.

&rocedur e

'.

O ( S E ) *AT I O N

+.

) E S , -T  

.

( I(- IO/)A&0  

 Ackn  Ac know owlled edge gem men ent  t  I #ish to e$press m% deep gratitude and sincere than&s to the 'rincipa!( Sheeta! Mann( Modern Convent Schoo! for her encouragement and for a!! the faci!ities that she provided for this pro)ect #or&" I sincere!% apprecia!e this magnanimit% % ta&ing me

her into her fo!d for #hich I sha!! remain indeted to her" I e$tend m% heart% than&s to Teena Singh( Chemistr% teacher #ho guided me to the successfu! comp!etion of this pro)ect" I ta&e this opportunit% to e$press m% deep sense of gratitude for her inva!ua!e guidance( constant encouragement( immense motivation #hich has sustained m% e*orts at a!! the stages of m% pro)ect #or&" I can+t forget to o* er m% sincere than&s to parents and a!so m% c!assmates #ho he!ped me to carr% out this pro)ect #or& successfu! and for their va!ua!e advice and support #hich I received from them time to time"

Certi,cate  Thi  Th i s is to cert ce rtif if% % that th at t he chem ch emis istr tr% % pro) pr o)ec ectt t it!e it !ed d to test the presence of insecticides and pesticides in fruits and vegeta!es - has een successfu!!% comp!eted % Mohit Negi of c!ass ./ in

partia! fu!,!!ment of curricu!um of CENTR CENTRAL AL 0OAR1 0OAR1 O2 SECON1AR3 E14CATION 5C0SE6 !eading to the a#ard of annua! e$amination in the %ear /7.89/7.

E$terna! e$aminer  Te  T e ac he r in 9 ch a rg rge e

INT)O,CTION

In the past decade there has een a tremendous increase in the %ie!ds of various crops to meet the demand of overgro#ing popu!ation( achieved % using pesticides and insecticides" These Th ese are chemica!s that are spra%ed over crop to protect it from pests" 2or e$amp!e( 11T( 0;C(
'esticides are proven to e e*ective 'esticides e* ective against variet% of insects( #eeds and fungi and are respective!% ca!!ed insecticides( hericides and fungicides" Most of the pesticides are non9iodegrada!e and remain penetrated as such into p!ants( fruits and vegeta!es " 2rom p!ants the% transfer to anima!s ( irds i rds and human eings #ho eat these po!!uted fruits and vegeta!es" Inside the od% the% get accumu!ated and cause serious hea!th pro!ems" These da%s preference is given to iodegrada!e insecticides insectici des !i&e ma!athion" The presence of Insecticides residues in even ra# samp!es of #heat( ,sh( meat ( utter etc" have aroused the concern of agricu!tura! administrators( scientists scienti sts and hea!th o> cia!s a!! over the #or!d to put a chec& over the use of insecticides and to search for non insecticida! means of pest contro!"

T0EO)  Nitrogen present in organic compounds is detected % ?Lasaigne++s Test-" The e!ements present in the compound are a re converted from cova!ent form into the ionic form % fusing the compound #ith sodium meta!" 2o!!o#ing reaction reaction ta&e ta &e p!ace:

C%anide of sodium so formed on sodium fusion is e$tracted from the fused mass % oi!ing it #ith disti!!ed #ater"" This e$tract is &no#n as sodium #ater s odium fusion e$tract"

"aterial re$uired

Mortar and pest!e

ea&ers

2unne!

g!ass rod

China dish

, !ter paper @a t e r 0 a t h

2usion tue

Tr i p o d

&nife

 Tet tue

Sam5le

 

odium me

Alcohol

itilled water

6erric

chloride

ilute Sul5huric acid 7errou ul5hate crtal

&rocedure 1) TAKE diferent types o ruits and vegetables and cut them into small pieces separately

!) Transer the cut pieces o various ruits and vegetables into it separately and crush them

") Ta#e Ta#e diferent diferen t #inds or each #ind o  ruits and vegetables and place the crushed ruits and vegetables in these bea#ers and add 1$$ ml o alcohol to each o these

%) &tir 'ell and ( lter lter

) Collect the ( ltrate in separate china dishes* evaporate the alcohol by heating the china dishes one by one over a 'ater bath and let the residue dry in the oven

+) ,eat a small piece o sodium in a usion tube* till it melts

-) Then add one o the above residues rom the china dish to this usion tube and heat it till red hot

.) /rop the hot usion tube in a china dish containing about 1$ ml o distilled 'ater

0) rea# the tube and boil the contents o the china dish or about  minutes

1$) Cool and (lter the solution

11) Collect the (ltrate

1!) To To the ( ltrate add 1 ml o reshly prepared errous sulphate solution and 'arm the contents

1") Then add !2" drops o erric chloride solution and acidiy 'ith dilute ,Cl

1%) 3 a blue or green ppt or coloration is obtained it indicates the presence o nitrogen containing insecticides

1) 4epeat the test o nitrogen or residues obtained rom other ruits and vegetables and record the observation

O(SE)*ATION

So! no"

Name of the fruit or vegeta!e

."

App!e

'osi ti ve

3e s

/"

Orange

'osi ti ve

3e s

"

'o tato

'osi ti ve

3e s

B"

Tomato

'osi ti ve

3e s

 Testt fo  Tes forr p re rese senc nce e  Tes  Testt fo forr of nitrogen insecticide or pesticide residue 5'ositive or negative6

)ES,-T  It is conc!uded that from the aove oservations( that each fruit or vegeta!e

contains nitrogenous insecticide or pesticide residues in it"

Conc!usion @e conc!ude( from the aove oservations( that each fruit or vegeta!e contains nitrogenous insecticide or pesticide residues in it"

0i!iograph% oo#s NCERT NCERT Chemistr%9 C hemistr%9 XII Comprehensive 'ractica! Chemistr%9XII Chemistr%9XII

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