UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL CENTRO DEL PERÚ
FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA DE MINAS
TRABAJO DE INVESTIGACIÓN DEPÓSITOS DE MINERALES MAGM$TICOS POR CONCENTRACIÓN ASIGNATURA
: GEOLOGÍA GENERAL
PROFESOR
: DR. AURELIO JUAREZ
GRUPO N° 2
: ARECHE CÁRDENAS, José BARTOLOTTO M CHOCCELAHA JANAMPA, JANAMPA, Crhisti! COSSIO PARIONA, Jho! H"#"r LIMACHE PEREZ ,$ELI% RODRIGUEZ GUTIERREZ, $"r!!&o ROMERO JESUS ,LESLI TABRAJ A'UINO, A'UIN O, T(r (r
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ÍNDICE DEDICATORIA AGRADECIMIENTO AGRADECIMIENTO INTRODUCCIÓN RESUMEN CAPITULO I CONCEPTOS GENERALES 1.1.
EL MAGMA 1.1.1. 1.1.1. FORMAC FORMACION ION DEL DEL MAGMA MAGMA 1.1. 1.1.2. 2. TIPOS TIPOS DE MAGM MAGMA A 1.1.3. 1.1.3. EVOLU EVOLUCIÓ CIÓN N DE DE LOS LOS MAGM MAGMAS AS 1.1.4. 1.1.4. FASES FASES DE CONSOLIDA CONSOLIDACIÓN CIÓN MAGMÁTICA MAGMÁTICA 1.2. MAGMATISMO CAPITULO II PROCESOS MAGMATICOS MAGMATICOS EN EL PERU 2.1. 2.2.
PLUTONISMO VULCANISMO 2.2.1. 2.2.1. TIPOS TIPOS DE ERUPCI ERUPCIONE ONES S VOLCÁNI VOLCÁNICA CAS S 2.2.2. 2.2.2. PRODU PRODUCT CTOS OS VOLCÁ VOLCÁNIC NICOS OS CAPITULO III CONCENTRACIÓN MAGMÁTICA EN EL PERU CAPITULO IV YACIMIENTOS YACIMIENTOS MAGMÁTICOS EN EL EPRU
4.1.
CLASIFICACIÓN 4.1.1. 4.1.1. YACIMIE YACIMIENTOS NTOS MAGMÁTICOS MAGMÁTICOS PRIMARIOS PRIMARIOS 4.1.1.1. PROCESOS 4.1.2. 4.1.2. YACIMIE YACIMIENTOS NTOS MAGMAT MAGMATICOS ICOS SECUN SECUNDARI DARIOS OS 4.1.2.1. PROCESOS SEGREGACIONES LIQUIDAS RESIDUALES INYECCIONES LIQUIDAS RESIDUALES SEGREGACION DE LIQUIDOS NO MISIBLES INYECCIÓN DE LIQUIDOS NO MISCIBLES • • • •
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ÍNDICE DEDICATORIA AGRADECIMIENTO AGRADECIMIENTO INTRODUCCIÓN RESUMEN CAPITULO I CONCEPTOS GENERALES 1.1.
EL MAGMA 1.1.1. 1.1.1. FORMAC FORMACION ION DEL DEL MAGMA MAGMA 1.1. 1.1.2. 2. TIPOS TIPOS DE MAGM MAGMA A 1.1.3. 1.1.3. EVOLU EVOLUCIÓ CIÓN N DE DE LOS LOS MAGM MAGMAS AS 1.1.4. 1.1.4. FASES FASES DE CONSOLIDA CONSOLIDACIÓN CIÓN MAGMÁTICA MAGMÁTICA 1.2. MAGMATISMO CAPITULO II PROCESOS MAGMATICOS MAGMATICOS EN EL PERU 2.1. 2.2.
PLUTONISMO VULCANISMO 2.2.1. 2.2.1. TIPOS TIPOS DE ERUPCI ERUPCIONE ONES S VOLCÁNI VOLCÁNICA CAS S 2.2.2. 2.2.2. PRODU PRODUCT CTOS OS VOLCÁ VOLCÁNIC NICOS OS CAPITULO III CONCENTRACIÓN MAGMÁTICA EN EL PERU CAPITULO IV YACIMIENTOS YACIMIENTOS MAGMÁTICOS EN EL EPRU
4.1.
CLASIFICACIÓN 4.1.1. 4.1.1. YACIMIE YACIMIENTOS NTOS MAGMÁTICOS MAGMÁTICOS PRIMARIOS PRIMARIOS 4.1.1.1. PROCESOS 4.1.2. 4.1.2. YACIMIE YACIMIENTOS NTOS MAGMAT MAGMATICOS ICOS SECUN SECUNDARI DARIOS OS 4.1.2.1. PROCESOS SEGREGACIONES LIQUIDAS RESIDUALES INYECCIONES LIQUIDAS RESIDUALES SEGREGACION DE LIQUIDOS NO MISIBLES INYECCIÓN DE LIQUIDOS NO MISCIBLES • • • •
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CAPITULO V EVOLUCIÓN ESTRATIGRAFICA ESTRATIGRAFICA Y MAGMÁTICA RELACIONADA CON EL RIFT PERMOTRIÁSICO 5.1.
EVOLUCIÓN EVOLU CIÓN ESTR ESTRAT ATIGRÁF IGRÁFICA ICA Y MAGM MAGMÁTICA ÁTICA RELA RELACION CIONADA ADA CON EL RIFT PERM PERMOOTRIÁSICO 5.1.1. DEPÓSITOS ANTERIORES ANTERIORES AL RIFT 5.1.2. DEPÓSITOS COETÁNEOS AL AL RIFT TEMPRANO 5.1.3. DEPÓSITOS Y MAGMATISMO MAGMATISMO SYN-RIFT 5.1.4. DEPÓSITOS POST-RIFT POST-RIFT
5.2. 5.2.
TIP TIPOS DE DEPÓ DEPÓSI SITO TOS S METÁ METÁLI LICO COS S 5.2. 5.2.1. 1. DEPÓ DEPÓSI SITO TOS S METÁ METÁLI LICO COS S ASOCI SOCIAD ADOS OS CO CON N RO ROCA CAS S PÉRM PÉRMIC ICAS AS-TR -TRIÁ IÁSI SICA CASSURÁSICAS 5.2.1. 5.2.1.1. 1. 5.2.1. 5.2.1.2. 2. 5.2.1. 5.2.1.3. 3. 5.2.1.4. 5.2. 5.2.1. 1.5. 5.
DEPÓS DEPÓSITO ITOS S DE URAN URANIO-N IO-N!QU !QUELEL-COB COBAL ALTO TO-CO -COBRE BRE PÓRFID PÓRFIDOSOS-S"A S"ARN RNS-M S-MESO ESOTERM TERMAL ALES ES DE COBRECOBRE-PL PLOMO OMO-#IN -#INC C SEDIME SEDIMENT NTA ARIOS RIOS E$%ALA E$%ALATIV TIVOS OS DE PLOMO PLOMO-#I -#INC NC MVT DE DE #IN #INC C-PLOMO DEPÓ DEPÓSI SITO TOS S DE DE COBR COBRE E EN EN CAP CAPA AS RO ROAS AS
5.2.2. 5.2 .2. DEP DEPÓSI ÓSITOS TOS ME METÁL TÁLICO ICOS S CON CONTRO TROLAD LADOS OS POR REA REACT CTIV IVA ACIO CIONE NES S SIS SISTEM TEMAS AS DE FALLAS PERMO-TRIÁSICAS 5.2. 5.2.2. 2.1. 1.
S"AR S"ARNS NS DE DE PLOM PLOMOO-#I #INC NC-C -COB OBRE RE
5.2. 5.2.2. 2.2. 2.
EPIT EPITER ERMA MALE LES S DE OROORO-PL PLA ATA
5.2.2. 5.2.2.3. 3. 5.2. 5.2.2. 2.4. 4.
EPITER EPITERMAL MALES ES CORD CORDILL ILLERA ERANOS NOS DE DE PLOMO PLOMO-#IN -#INC-P C-PLA LAT TA CORD CO RDIL ILLE LERA RANO NOS S DE PLO PLOMO MO-# -#IN INCC-PL PLA ATA
CONCLUSIONES REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS
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DEDICATORIA
A mis padres por ser el pilar fundamental en todo lo que soy, en toda mi educación, tanto académica,
como
de
la
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por
su
incondicional apoyo perfectamente mantenido a través del tiempo.
AGRADECIMIENTO E&'( ')*+*, (& ( )(&/'*0 0( (&/() ,/' 0( '0& & /( )6*6& ( 7)/8 0( ')*+*,. P) (&' *7)*0( * /(&') 8)(&) DR* Aurelio Juare 8) 968/&*)& * &() 6(,)(& *0* 0:*. A 69& 8*0)(& /9((& * *)7 0( '0* 69 ;90* <* *8=*0 = 6'9;*0 69 )6*9> **0?69*@ )(=() ( 6: ( '0 66(' = 0/0*) 0( 69& <*+990*0(&. A (&'* 8)(&'979&* /9;()&90*0 * /* *+)( &/& 8/()'*& * ,>;((& 6 &')&@ 8)(8*)0& 8*)* / /'/) 68('9'9; = )60& 6 8()&*& 0( +9(. Pág!" +
INTRODUCCIÓN E 6*76* &( 8/(0( 0(99) 6 /* 6(* 0( 68('(& /:69& )6*0)(& 0( & &99*'& 0( *'* '(68()*'/)*@ )6*6('( 9/=( &/&'*9* ( (&'*0 &>90@ :/90 = 7*&(& 0(+90 * * '(68()*'/)* 0( 6*76* /( (& 8) (96* 0( & 8/'& 0( /&9> 0( 0('()69*0& 68('(& 0( 6*76*. E (&'* 6(* /090* & 9(& 6('9& &( 6/(;( 6& 6(& 9+)(6('(. E * 6*=):* 0( & 6*76*& *7/& )9&'*(& )6*0)(& 0/)*'( *& *&(& 8)(;9*& 0( ()9*69(' 0( 6*76* &( (/(')* &/&8(090& ( * 6(* /090*. U* 8)9> *'* 0( )9&'*(& &/&8(090& = 6*'()9* :/90 968)96( * 6*76* *7/*& 0( *& 8)89(0*0(& :&9*& 0( / &>90. A0(6& 0( :/90& = &>90& ( 6*76* '9(( 09;()&& 7*&(& 09&/('& ( (. E 8/' 0( /&9> 0( 6*76* &( /+9* ( 8)/090*0(& (')( 1 = 2 6@ (& 0(9) ( ( 6*' &/8()9). S( &/8( /( &> /* 8)9> 8(/(* 0( 6*'()9* 0( 6*' (&' /090*@ 0(6& (&' ( (&'*0 &>90. E&'( (&'*0 &( *6* * /&9> 8*)9*. L* 8)9> /090* (& / :/90 6(& 0(& ( 68*)*9> * 8)9> &>90*. P) &97/9('( '9(0( * *&(0() * * )'(* '())(&')( (')0&( *: ( +&*& = 6*)*& 6*76'9*&.
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P) (,(68 ( 6*76* 69@ /( *&9(0( '9/*6('( * *)7 0( & +)0(& 0( (8*&9> ( & ?*& &( )(( ( 6*)*& 6*76'9*& ()* 0( * +*&( 0( * )'(* (9* ( 8)/090*0(& (')( 4 = 6 8) 0(+*, 0( 0 (9. E 6*76* (68**0 ( *'* 8)/090*0 ( * )'(* '())(&')( ():* ('*6('(. E * )6*9> 0( 6*76* * 8)(&9> ,/(7* / 8*8( 968)'*'(. A *'* 8)(&9> *& '(68()*'/)*& 0( )9&'*9*9> 0( & 69()*(& & *'*& '*6+9?. U* 09&69/9> 0( * 8)(&9> '9(( ( &(/(9* /* 09&69/9> ( * '(68()*'/)* 0( /&9> )9&'*9*9> 0( & 69()*(&. D( (&'( 60 ( *'*& 8)/090*0(& ( * )'(* '())(&')( = ( ( 6*' &/8()9) 8/(0( 8)0/9)&( ( 6*76* * 8*)'9) 0( 6*'()9* &>90.
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ág!" '
CAPITULO I CONCEPTOS GENERALES !"#"
EL MAGMA
E 6*76* (& /* )* /090*@ = ( :/90
&(
(/(')* &> 8) 0(+*, 0( * &/8()99( 0(
* '9())*@
8/(& /* ;( /( *** * &/8()99( &(
;9()'(
( *;*. E&'* &/&'*9* &( 68( 0( /* 6+9*9> 0( 7*&(& 09&/('&@ )*76('&
0( )* =
)9&'*(& = * 8*)'( :/90* 0( * /( &( ( 6 6*&* /090*. D(+90 * &/ )(*9> * *'*& 8)(&9(& = '(68()*'/)*&@ (& /* &/&'*9* (')(6*0*6('( *9('(@ /( ;* 0(&0( 1.22 * 2.32 7)*0& F*<)(<(9'. C )(/(9* (&'* &/&'*9* &( (/(')* ( *& 6*)*& 0( 6*76* /( *96('* * & ;*(&. T*6+9? 8/(0( 969&/9)&( ( *& )*& ()**& = &/+9) * * &/8()99( ( )6* 0( *;*@ 8)0/9) (8/&9(& (8&9;*& 0( '()*.
!"#"!" FORMACION DEL MAGMA E 6*76* 0( )6* =* &(* ( * 8*)'( 9()9) 0( * )'(* '())(&')( ( * 8*)'( &/8()9) 0( &/ 6*'. S( 8)0/( /*0 & *'& 9;((& 0( 8)(&9> &( 6+9* *'*& '(68()*'/)*&@ */&*0 /( *7/*& 0( *& )*& 0( * * &( /&9(@ )(*0 /(7 (&'* &/&'*9*. S9 (&'* 6+9*9> 0( 8)(&9> = *)@ (&'* &/&'*9* &():* *8* 0( )6*)&(.
!"#"$" TIPOS DE MAGMA Pág!" -
B*, *0* /* 0( *& )(79(& ;9*& ( 6*76* /( &( 7(()* '9(( / /969&6 (&8(:9@ &> 0(+90 * * 69()*7:* 0( * )* /( &( /0( &9 '*6+9? * 7)*0 0( /&9> 8*)9* H/( 0(8(0( 0( * 8)/090*0 * /( &( 7(()( = * * 6*=) 6() 8)(&(9* 0( *7/* ( ( 8)(&. L& 6*76*& ( &/ *&(& (8()96('* /* (;/9> 8) /( )*)* ;( *** * &/8()99( &/& )*&7& 8)96*)9&. E')( & 09()('(& '98& 0( 6*76*& 80(6& 9'*)K
Ma%&a' Tole()i*o' L*& )*& 6& ':89*& = *+/0*'(& 0( * &()9( & & +*&*'& '(:'9&. G?(&9& 8 8)/0* +*, +)0(& 0( 8** 09;()7('(&.
Ma%&a' Cal*o-al*ali+o' L*& )*& 6& ':89*& 0( * &()9( & *& *0(&9'*&@ *//( *+/0* *& )99'*& /( 8)(0( 0( 6*76*& 6/= (;/9*0&. G?(&9& *&9*0* * 8)(& 0( &/+0/9> ( *& 0( ;()7(9* 0( 8**&.
Ma%&a' Al*ali+o' L*& )*& 6& ':89*& & & +*&*'& **9&. S )(*'9;*6('( )(/('(& *& ')*/9'*& = 9'*& 8)(0('(& 0( 6*76*& 6/= (;/9*0&. G?(&9& 8)/0* ( *& 9')*8** *&9*0& * 8/'& *9('(& )9'& A '9/*9> &( 8)(&('* / (&/(6* 00( &( &(** & *6+9('(& 7('('>9& 0(7(()*9> 0( 6*76*& ( * T9())*.
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!"#"#" EVOLUCIÓN DE LOS MAGMAS L& 6*76*& ;* ()90&( (
'9(68
/( 8)0/( )9&'*9*9> 0( & 6*'()9*(& 0( * 6(* /( &/8()* =*
( 8/'
0( /&9>. A (&'( 8)(& &( ( 0(69* 09()(9*9>
6*76'9*.
S9
(
()9*69(' (& (' H69(& 0( *&@ *& 099(& 0( )9&'*9*9> & >8'96*& =
&(
7(()* )9&'*(& +9( )6*0&. S9 ( ()9*69(' (& )890 H*&(& * * &/8()99(@
<*=
8&9+990*0(&
0(
)7*9*9> )9&'*7)9* = & 6*'()9*(& &9099*
)6*0
6*&*& ;:')(*&
69))9&'*9*&. L* )6*9> 0( )9&'*(& ( ( 6*76* <*( /( ;*=* *6+9*0 * 68&99> 0( /90 )(&'*'(@ 8) /( *8*)(() /(;& )9&'*(&. E&'( /90 8/(0( )(*9*) * &/ ;( & )9&'*(& =* )6*0& 0( 0& )6*&K
'u')i)u*i,+ e io+e'@ )(&8('*0 * (&')/'/)* 0( 69()* H)(*9> '9/* .or&a*i,+ e u+a +ue/a e')ru*)ura &i+eral@ 09&;9(0 & )9&'*(& 8)((9&'('(& H)(*9> 09&'9/*
A&: 8/(&@ (& 9 &/8() /( *& )*& )(&/'*'(& 0( ()9*69(' 0( & 6*76*& &(* ;*)9*0*&.
!"#"0" FASES DE CONSOLIDACIÓN MAGMÁTICA A 6(090* /( / 6*76* &( ;* ()9*0@ 8/(0( 09&'97/9)&( ')(& ('*8*& *&(& ( &/ &90*9>K •
FASE ORTOMAGMÁTICA Pág!" #&
C&'9'/=( * *&( 8)998* 0( * )9&'*9*9> 6*76'9*. S( 8)0/( ( ( 9'()9) 0( * 6*)* 6*76'9*. A+*)* 0(&0( ( )97( 0( 6*76* <*&'* /( ?&'( 0(&9(0( &/ '(68()*'/)* <*&'* & 5 C C)9&'*9* * 6*=) 8*)'( 0( & 69()*(& 0( 8/' 0( /&9> *' H+&9&@ 0(&& = &/)& D(+90 * * 0(&90*0@ &( 8)0/( /* &(7)(7*9> 69()* <*9* ( 0 0( * 6*)* /(0*0 / )(&90/ )9 ( &:9( H90 = ;'9(&.
•
FASE PEGMATÍTICO-NEUMATOLÍTICA.
S( 8)0/( * /* '(68()*'/)* 0( /& 5 C. E /*) = * )'&* )9&'*9* * * ;( = ')*+* & 0(6& 69()*(&@ )6*0 * )*. Q/(0* / :/90 )(&90/* )9 ( ;'9(&@ /( &*( * 8)(&9> 8) *& 7)9('*& 0( * 6*)* 6*76'9* &90990&( ( &/ 9'()9). S( )979* )*& 99**&K 8(76*'9'*&. E ( '*' (&'& /90&@ *& )*& (*,*'(& 9'()*6+9* ((6('& ( 6*76* 8)0/9?0&( / *6+9 ( 68&99> *6*0 89)6('*&6*'9&6 H6('*&6*'9&6 * *'* '(68()*'/)* /( 8/(0( )979*) (')*9(& 69()*(& H( *9*&@ 06:*&
•
FASE 1IDROTERMAL.
E')( 4 = 1 C@ * 9* 0( 8)(&. T)*& *& *&(& *'()9)(& /(0* &/9(& */&*& * *'* '(68()*'/)* 68('(& &/+(& HCO2@ F@ C@ B)@ S@ 6('*(& 0( 9'()?& (>69@ /( *&9(0( 8) 7)9('*& )9&'*9*0 ( (*&@ ()* Pág!" ##
0( * &/8()99(. E *&9(& *& &/9(& <90)'()6*(& )(*9* /:69*6('( & 69()*(& 0( *& )*& (*,*'(& ( 9'()*6+9* 6*'()9*(&K 6('*&6*'9&6 <90)'()6* P*)'( 0( (&'*& &/9(& 8/(0( (7*) * * &/8()99( ( )6* 0( 7?9&()(&@ /('(& '()6*(& /6*)*&.
!"0"
MAGMATISMO
M*76*'9&6 &( )(9()( * '0& & 8)(&& ( & /( 9'();9(( & 6*'()9*(& 0( * T9())* /*0 (/(')* /090& ( )6* 0( 6*76*. U 6*76* (& /* 6(* 7(()*6('( &99*'*0* /( 9/=( )6*6('( /* *&( /90* = /* *&( &>90*. E&'* '96* (&'* )6*0* 8) 69()*(& <()(0*0& 0( * /('( 0( 6*76* )6*0& 0/)*'( ( 8)(& 0( ()9*69('. C/*0 / 6*76* *** * &/8()99( &( 8)0/( (>6(& ;9& ( & /( ( 6*76* )979* 8/(0( &() *)),*0 ( 09()('(& )6*& &+)( * &/8()99( HV*9&6.
CAPITULO II PROCESOS MAGMATICOS EN EL PERU T)*& )6*)&( & 6*76*& 697)* <*9* 6()
8)(&9>
H*&(&
<*9*
*& 0(
*
&/8()99(. E /9> 0( &/ 8)(& 0( &90*9> &( )979*) ;*)9& '98& 0( (&')/'/)*& = )*&. E :(*& 7(()*(&
80(6&
09&'97/9) (')( 8/'>9*& H()9*69(' = &90*9> ( ( 9'()9) 0( * )'(*
'())(&')(
= ;9*& H()9*69(' = &90*9>
(
&/8()99(.
$"#"
PLUTONISMO Pág!" #2
*
E 6*76* =* &'9'/90@ ( &/ *&(&@ &( (*,* ( *& )*& 9)/0*'(& 6(09*'( 09;()&& 8)(&&K
•
I+2e**i,+ .oraa. 0(&8** <*9* *))9+* * * )* (*,*'(. 3S)o44i+%5 o i%e')i,+ &a%&6)i*a. *&969*9> 0( )*76('& 0( * )*
•
(*,*'(. 1u+i&ie+)o e la ro*a e+*a7a+)e . &( 8)0/( )*'/)*9> :&')9* ( * )*
•
• •
(*,*'( = *:0* 0( +/(& ( ( 6*76*. I+)ru'i,+ 4a'i/a" *8);(<* )*'/)*& 8)((9&'('(& 8*)* 0(&8**)&(. Me)a'o&a)i'&o" L*& *'*& '(68()*'/)*& = 8)(&9(& 8);* * /&9> 0( * )*.
L*& (&')/'/)*& /( &( )979* 0/)*'( ( (*,*69(' 6*76'9 )(9+( ( 6+)( 7(?)9 0( 8/'(&. P/(0( *7)/8*)&( (K •
Plu)o+e' *o+*ora+)e'. & 6& 6/(& & &9 9>@ *9'@ 89' = *9'.
•
$"0"
Plu)o+e' i'*ora+)e'. & 6& 6/(& & +*'9'@ &' = 09/(. VULCANISMO
U ; (& /* (&')/'/)* 7(>79* *
')*;?&
0( * /* ( 6*76* (7* <*&'* * &/8()99(
0(
*
T9())* 0/)*'( / 8)(& 0(69*0 ()/89>. L* *'9;90*0 0( / ; (& ;*)9*+( * *)7 ( '9(68 )6*6('( *'()* 8()90& 0( )(8& ?8*& 0( *'9;90*0@ 8() 9/& /*0 &( 8)0/(@
/*
;( /( &( 999* * ()/89> ?&'* 8/(0( &() '9/*
09&'9/*@
9'())/689)&(
0/)*'(
*7 '9(68. E *&(& 0( 6*76* &( 8)0/( 8)/( &( (&'*+(( /* 09()(9*
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8)(&9> 0( 0(&90*0 (')( * 6*&* /090* = *& )*& (*,*'(&. L* )6* ( /( '9(( /7*) * ()/89> 0(8(0( 0( * ;9&&90*0 0( 6*76* = (&'*@ * &/ ;(@ (& &(/(9* 0( &/ 68&99>@ 0( ;/6( 0( 7*&(& /( '9((@ 0( * '(68()*'/)* * * /( &( (/(')* = 0( ;/6( 0( *7/*.
Pág!" #(
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* )(&9&'(9* 0( 6*'()9* * /9). A/6('* * (')*9> 0( S9O2 ( ( 6*76* = 09&69/=( * '(68()*'/)*. L& 6*76*& 90& 8)0/( *;*& ;9&&*& = (8&9;*&@ 0(+90 * &/ )9/(* ( 7*&(&@ 69(')*& /( & 6*76*& +&9& 0* /7*) * *;*& /90*& = 8 (8&9;*&.
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Eru4*io+e' *e+)rale'. S( 8)0/( ( 8/'& *9*0&. D( 6() * 6*=) 0( * ;9&&90*0 0( 6*76* &( 09&'97/( /*') '98&K %**9** H*;*& /90*&@ &9 6*'()9*(& 89)&'9&@ (&')6+9** H*;* 6(& /90* /( * *'()9) (69&9(& 89)&'9*& 97()*&@ ;/*9** H*;*& 6/= ;9&&*& = 90*& /( &( &9099* )890*6('( 7)*0(& (69&9(& 0( 6*'()9*(& 89)&'9& = 8((** H*;* 6/= ;9&&* /( &( &9099* = '*8* * <96((*@ 968909(0 * &*90* 0( & 7*&(&. S( 8)0/( ()/89(& (8&9;*& *+/0*'( 6*'()9* 89)&'9 = 7)*0(& /+(& 0( (9*& *)09('(&.
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Eru4*io+e' 'u8&ari+a'. S *& 6& *+/0*'(&. A 7)*0(& 8)/090*0(& * 8)(&9> <90)&''9* (;9'* * (8&9;90*0 0( & 7*&(& = &( )6* *0*& 0( *;*&
*&8(' *6<*09*0 89 *;*&. $"0"$" Prou*)o' Vol*6+i*o' L& 6*'()9*(& /( (69'( & ;*(& 8/(0( &()K •
S,lio'. (9*& H @3 6@ *899 H@3 - 3 6 = +6+*& ;9*& H3-3 6.
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Fluio' o la/a'. 8*<(<( )0*0*& H8 ;9&&*&@ ( +/( AA H;9&&*& = *6<*09*0*& H0( )97( &/+6*)9.
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Ga'e'. &/ 68&99> 0(8(0( 0( * '(68()*'/)* 0( &*90*. E')( C = 1 C HCO2. E')( 1C = 5C HCO2@ SO2@ %2S@ %2@ N2. E')( 5C = 1.2C HCO2@ %C@ SO3@ %2S@ %2@ N2@%F.
CAPITULO III CONCENTRACIÓN MAGMÁTICA EN EL PERU S
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8)/0*&. S( (& 0(69* '*6+9? &(7)(7*9> 6*76'9*@ 9=(9(& 6*76'9* 0(8>&9'& &97(('9& :7(&. L& )(8)(&('*'(& 0( * (')*9> 6*76'9* & 6/<&@ (&' 6/= 09/090&@ 8() (9&'( 8& '98& 0( & 69&6&@ &/ 69()*7:* (& &(9* = & 8)0/'& /( )90( & /6()&&.
CAPITULO IV YACIMIENTOS MAGMÁTICOS EN EL PER9
Pág!" #,
E&'& =*969('& & 7(()*0& 09)('*6('( 8) *& &(7)(7*9(& 6*76'9* 0(+90 * * (9&'(9* 0( &/& &'9'/=('(&@ /( 8/(0( ***) ;6((& &9799*'9;& 6 ( ( *& 0( * )69'* = ( 8*'9@ & * 9* /('( 0( & 69&6&. S9 (6+*)7 * 6*=) 8*)'( 0( (&'& =*969('& &9);( 6& * */&* 9(':9*&@ =* /( &/ 69()*7:* (& &(9* = &/& 8)0/'& & /6()&&. C6 )(/)& (>69@ (&'& =*969('& & 8& * 68*)*9> 0( & 7(()*0& 8) ')& 8)(&&. A (&'& =*969('& &( & ( '*6+9? 6 0(8>&9'& &97(?'9& :7(&. E
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0"$"
CLASIFICACIÓN
0"$"!" YACIMIENTOS MAGMÁTICOS PRIMARIOS S ( )(&/'*0 09)(' 0( 8)(&& 6*76'9& /( &( 0(69* )''?'9&@ )'6*76'9&@ & /*(& <* &90 )6*0& 8) & &97/9('(& 8)(&&K • • •
S968( )9&'*9*9>@ 8() &9 (')*9>. S(7)(7*9> 0( )9&'*(&@ 0( * 8)96()* )6*9>. I=(9(& 0( 6*'()9*& (')*0*&@ ( ')& /7*)(& 8) 09()(9*9>.
L& 69()*(& 6('9& )9&'*9*) *'(& /( & &99*'& 0( *& )*&@ = (& 0( &/8() /( &( &(8*)* 8) )9&'*9*9>.
0"$"!"!" •
PROCESOS
DISEMINACIÓN: L* )9&'*9*9> &968( 0( / 6*76* 8)/0 9 &9'/ 8)0/9) /* )* :7(* 7)*/0* ( /=* 6*&* 8/(0( (&'*) 09&(69*0& & )9&'*(& /( Pág!" #'
&( )6*) 8)96(). S9 (&'& & ;*9&& = *+/0*'(& ( )(&/'*0 &() / =*969(' 0( 69()* 6*76'9. T0* * 6*&* )&*@ 8*)'( 0( (* 8/(0( &'9'/9) ( =*969(' = & )9&'*(& 8/(0( &() ()9&'*(&@ ( (&'( 8)(& '*6+9? & 0(8>&9'& )(&/'*'(& '(0) * )6* 0( * )* 9')/&9'*@ /( 8/(0( &() / 09/(@ <96((* /* 8(/(* 6*&* ( )6* 0( +&*0* / ;/6( &90()*+( 68)*0* * 6*=):*@ 0( & =*969('& 69()*(&. •
SEGREGACIÓN: E&'( '?)69 &( (68(* * 6(/0 0( / 60 7(()* 8*)* 0(&97*) & 0(8>&9'& 6*76'9&@ 09()(90& 0( *& )6*0*& 8) &/9> / ')& 6(09&. S9 (6+*)7 &97/9(0 ( &9799*0 )979*@ &(7)(7*9> &()9* (')*9(& 69()*(& /( )9&'*9*)* 9 &9'/ = * & /( <*= /( 09&'97/9) 0( * 9=(9>. L*& &(7)(7*9(& 6*76'9*& '(68)**& ;9(( * &() (')*9(& 0( ;*9&& &'9'/=('(& 0( 6*76*@ 8)0/90& 6 )(&/'*0 0( * 09()(9*9> 8) )9&'*9*9> 7)*;9'*'9;*. L* &(7)(7*9> 8/(0( '(() /7*) '*6+9? 8) * *:0* 0( & )9&'*(& 8(&*0& )6*0&K P)96() ( * 8*)'( 9()9) 0( * 6*)* 6*76'9*.
•
INYECCIONES: L& 69()*(& 6('9&@ &( (')*)* 8)+*+(6('( 8) 09()(9*9>@ 8) )9&'*9*9> = & *'()9)(& '(68)(& 0( & 69()*(& 8)96*)9& *&9*0& = /( <* 8()6*(90 ( &/ /7*) 0( */6/*9> )979*@ &9 /( /() 9=('*0& ( * )*
0"$"$" YACIMIENTOS MAGMATICOS SECUNDARIOS S 6*&*& 0( 69()*(& 89)7?9& /( )9&'*9*) <*9* ( 9* 0( 8()90 6*76'9. S *& 8*)'(& &90*0*& 0( *& )*9(& :7(*& /( &/+&9&'9() 0(&8/?& 0( * )9&'*9*9> 0( & &99*'& = &( )6* 8)96(). P) &97/9('(@ & 69()*(& 6('9& 0( & =*969('& &(/0*)9& &( )6*) 0(&8/?& 0( & &99*'& 0( *& )*& = & *')*;9(&*@ & 9/0* = )(*9* (& 8)0/9(0 +)0(& 0( )(*9>. E&'& *6+9& 0(69*0& *'()*9(& 0(/'()9*& /))9() *'(& 0( * &90*9> 9* 0( * 6*&* :7(*. L& =*969('& 6*76'9& &(/0*)9& (&' Pág!" #-
8)(069*'(6('( *&9*0& * )*& :7(*& +&9*&@ = &( <* )6*0 8) ;*)9*9(& 0( * 09()(9*9> 8) )9&'*9*9>@ */6/*9> 7)*;9'*'9;* 0( :/90 )(&90/* 8(&*0.
0"$"$"!" •
PROCESOS
SEGREGACIONES LI;UIDAS RESIDUALES E / 6*76* ( 8)(& 0( 09()(9*9>@ ( 6*76* )(&90/* &( ()9/(( 8)7)(&9;*6('( ( ( &:9(@ *9& = *7/*@ 8() ( 9()'& '98& 0( 6*76* +&9@ ( 6*76* )(&90/* 8/(0( ()9/(()&( (&8(9*6('( ( <9()) = '9'*9. E&'( :/90 )(&90/* 8/(0( &(7)(7*)&( 0( & 9'()&'99& )9&'*9& <*9* ( 9'()9) 0( * 6*)* 6*76'9* = )9&'*9*) &9 /( &( 8)0/* 8&'()9) 0(&8**69('@ 0*0 /7*) * * )6*9> 0( & '96& 69()*(& 89)7W9&. E *& 0( 96;990*0@ (&'( 9/90 )6* &(7)(7*9(& 6*76'9*& &(/0*)9*&. E&'*& 6*&*& 8/(0( (7*) * '(() &/99('( ;/6( = )9/(* 8*)* )6*) ;*9&& 0(8>&9'& 0( 69()* 6('9. L*& )*&
•
INYECCIONES LI;UIDAS RESIDUALES E (&'( 8)(& ( 9/90 )(&90/* )9 ( <9()) &( */6/* ( 9)/&'*9*& 0( 8()'/)+*9(& ,/'*& 6 &/(( *68**) * *& 9')/&9(& :7(*& @ 8/09(0 0*)&( 0& &*&K / /( 8/(0( &() 0(&;9*0 <*&'* /7*)(& 0( 6() 8)(9&9> ( * 8)9(& &90*0*& &/8)*=*('(& 0( * )* 6*0)(@ <*9* ( 9'()9) 0( *& )*& /( * (9())*@ 0& &9 &( <* 8)0/90 */6/*9> 0( 9/90@ ( 9/90 )(&90/* )9 ( <9()) 8/(0( 9')*)&( 8) 8)(&9> <*9* /()* = )6*) 9=(9(& 6*76'9*& 8&'()9)(&. E *&8(' 0( 9=(9> 0( (&'& =*969('& *& 09()(9* 0( *& &(7)(7*9(&. L*& 6*&*& 69()*(& )(&/'*'(& 8/(0( &() 0( )6* 9))(7/*)@ ( )6* 0( *8*& 09/(& = 7(()*6('( *')*;9(&* * (&')/'/)* 8)96*)9* 0( *& )*&
•
SEGREGACION DE LI;UIDOS NO MISI90& 6('9& 8/(0( )6*) &/9(& 69&9+(& ( 6*76*& 0( &99*'&@ &( <* 0(6&')*0 /( & &//)& 0( <9())@ :/( = +)( & &/+(& <*&'* / X ( 6*76*& +&9& = /( * ()9*)&( 8/(0( &(8*)*)&( ( 8*)'( ( )6* 0( 7'*& 69&9+(& /( &( */6/* ( ( 0 0( Pág!" #.
* 6*)* 6*76'9* 00( )6* &(7)(7*9(& 0( &//) 9/90. L& &//)& 8()6*(( <*&'* 0(&8/?& 0( /( )9&'*9*) & &99*'&@ = ('(& 8((')* ( (&'&@ & ))( = )9&'*9* *)(0(0) 0( *& 69&6*&. L& =*969('& )6*0& 0( (&'* 6*()* (&' &'9'/90& 8)998*6('( 8) *89)9'*@ 89))'9*@ :/(@ +)(@ 8('*09'*@ * & /( '*6+9? *68** 8*'9@ )@ 8*'* = ')& ((6('&@ & /*(& (&' 9*0& * *& )*& :7(*& +&9*& 0( * *699* 0( 7*+). E&'( '98 0( 0(8>&9'& 66('( &( (/(')* ( )6* 0( 6*&*& *9&*0*& ( *& 8*)(0(& 9()9)(& 0( *& 9')/&9(& 09()(9*0*&@ 8)998*6('( /*0 <*= 0(8)(&9(& ( ( &/(. S/ ;/6( (&'* ( 8)8)9> * 0( * 9')/&9> 6*0)(. •
INYECCIÓN DE LI;UIDOS NO MISCI )9* ( &//)& */6/*0& (& &6('90* * 8()'/)+*9(& *'(& 0( &90*)&( 8/(0( ;()&( 968/&*0* * /7*)(& 0( 6(& 8)(&9>@ '*(& 6 *& *& 0( 9&**0/)* 0( +)(<*& * *)7 0( *& 8*)(0(& 0( * )* 6*0)( 00( &( &90*) = )6*)* 9=(9(& 0( :/90& 69&9+(&. E&'& =*969('& & / 9/09+( '(&'969 0( /* *'9;90*0 6*76'9* &(/0*)9*. P((')* ( *& 6*& *'97/*& ( 9/=( )*76('& +)(<&& 0( * )* &9'& & 9))(7/*)(& '9(( )6* 0( 09/(&. S9 * )*9> )(&90/* (& )9* ( 6*')9(& ;'9(& & 0(8>&9'& )(&/'*'(& 8/(0( 8)(&('*) *7/& (&'*0& 0( ')*&99> /( &( *&(6(,* * & '98& <90)'()6*(&.
CAPITULO V Pág!" 2&
EVOLUCIÓN ESTRATIGRAFICA Y MAGMÁTICA RELACIONADA CON EL RIFT PERMO-TRIÁSICO ="#"
E/olu*i,+ E')ra)i%r6.i*a 2 Ma%&6)i*a Rela*io+aa *o+ el Ri.) Per&o-Tri6'i*o
E '(' '('>9 8*)* *& /90*0(& 7(>79*& 0( P?)69-T)9&9-/)&9@ &( (& )(*9* / rifting /( &( 0(&*))> 09*)>9*6('( ( * )09()* O)9('* 0( P(). E *6+9('( 0(8&99* <* &90 0(990 6 '9('* = 6*)9. S(/(9*& ;9*& 0( G)/8 M9'/ 0( P?)69 &/8()9)- T)9&9 ( 9')/&9(& 0( &969*) (0*0@ *990*0(& 7(/:69*& '(:'9*& **9*&@ &/79()( ( 999 0( 8)(& 0( rifting.
Distribución de rocas Permo-Triásicas-urásicas
Pág!" 2#
Distribución de rocas intrusivas Permo-Triásicas que coinciden con el e!e a"ial del rift
="#"!" De4,'i)o' a+)eriore' al Ri.) C6 /90*0(& 7/:*& 8*)* 0(99) 0(&'**) * /90*0(& 8)89*& 0( ) 9' P()6- ')9&9@ &( &90()* * )*& (0*0(& 0( P(&9;*9* * P?)69 9()9) = 0( )97( 6*)9 *& /( (&' &'9'/90*& 8) &(/(9*& 0( *9*& &9:()*& 9;((& 0( *)(9&*&@ /'9'*& (7)*& = *9*& )9*& ( <()' = ))(&80( * & 7)/8& T*)6* = C8**+**.
E *7/*& )(*& 0( * C)09()* O)9('* *)*69('& 0( G)/8 C8**+** &( (/(')* 9'(&*6('( 8(7*0&@ 6('*6)9*0& ( 9')/:0& 8) 7)*9'90(& P()6')9&9& HS() B<66(@ 1Z. E&'& *)*69('& &( (/(')* 8)(&();*0&@ 0(+90 * /( &( (/(')* ( +/(& 7(6('):*& 0( 7)+((& )(*9*0& * * 0(8&9'*9> 0( G)/8 M9'/ ( )6* 09&)0*'(.
="#"$" De4,'i)o' Coe)6+eo' al Ri.) Te&4ra+o E & &(')(& 0( %/*=*+*6+* N)(&'( 0( C/& = C*<)* O(&'( 0( C/)* * *)+*'& 9;((& 0( <()' =[ * *)(9&*& )979*0*& ( *6+9('(& 6*)9 &6() * /;9* (>9. E&'* &/(&9> '9/* &( ))(*9* * F)6*9> E( HC*)'' (' *.@ 2@ * /* * &/ ;( &+)(=*( Pág!" 22
)0*'(6('( * )*& ;9*& = &(/(9*& ),9*& )6*0*& 8) 969'*&@ *)(9&*& = =(&@ *& /*(& ))(&80( * *9(& *(& 0( G)/8 M9'/ HC*)'' (' *.@ 2 C*)'' (' *.@ 24.
E * * 0( C*<)*-%/*9*8* HA+**= /( &'9'/=( ( :69'( (')( * C)09()* O)9('* = A'98*@ * F)6*9> E( &'* 0( 9;((& ;9& (&')/'/)*& *6<*09*0*&. E &(/(9*@ ( *6+9('( 0( 0(8&99> 0( * F)6*9> E( <*+):* /))90 ( *& &/+&90(9* H&(697)+((&. M9(')*& /(@ * 0(8&9'*9> '9('* 0( G)/8 M9'/ <*+):* /))90 ( *& *0=*('(& = ((;*0*& H<)&'&.
="#"#" De4,'i)o' 2 Ma%&a)i'&o S2+-Ri.) U 9'(& 6*76*'9&6 /))9> ( ( &/) = (') 0( P() 0/)*'( * (;/9> 0( )9' P()6-')9&9. A S/) 0( P()@ 21 6 * N)(&'( 0( /9** 0(&'** * 8)(&(9* 0( )*& ;9*& 8)(069*'(6('( +&9*& / )(79&') 0( (0*0 )*096?')9* 0( 22 J 1 M* H"-A) ( )* ''*@ "9 (' *.@ 1Z. E /( 9()( * /(&')* * 0( (&'/09@ &( <* 90('99*0 /6()&& 7)*9'90(& /( 9')/=( ( +*&*6(' 6('*6>)9 = &/& (0*0(& )*096?')9*& ;*):* 0( 253 J 11 M* H"-A) ( 6&;9'*@ S()@ 11 * 24 J M* H"-A) ( 8*79*&*@ S()@ 11. E'(&@ &( *&/6( /( &9)9*6('( * ;*9&6 0( G)/8 M9'/ &( 8)0/, ( (68**69(' 0( & 7)*9'90(& P()6-T)9&9&@ ':89 0( *6+9('(& 0( )9'.
P) ') *0@ ('( * 6*76*'9&6 &( 8)0/, * 0(8&9'*9> 0( &(/(9*& ),*& * 6)*0*&@ )6*0*& 8) 76()*0&@ *)(9&*&@ 969'*& = *6('( 9;((& 0( (;*8)9'*& */6/*0& ( 7)+((& &/+&90('(&. E&'*& )*& &(096('*)9*& 6/(&')* 8*(*6+9('(& 0( *+*9& */;9*(&@ &9&'(6*& 0(8&99*(& = *7&. S( (/(')* 9'()**0*& )*& ;9*&@ 8() ( *7/& *&& 8)(069* *& &(/(9*& &(096('*)9*& *6+9 0( *9(& *'()*(&@ 909*0 / ') (&')/'/)* 0/)*'( &/ 0(8&99> = )(*9*0& & &9&'(6*& 0( **& /( 8)0/(( & **69('& ( +/(& 0(') 0( )9' P()6-')9&9.
="#"0" De4,'i)o' 4o')-Ri.) Pág!" 2(
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
A S/) 0( &9&'(6* 0( **& C/)* 0( *9*& 0( T*)9*-B*,9*@ *'()9)6('( 0(69*0* 6 G)/8 P/*). S9 (6+*)7@ 8) * 8)(&(9* 0( *' (&')/'/)* 8*(7(7)9*6('( ))(&80():* * * F)6*9> S&*9 0( * /(* A)(/98*. E')( ( /)&9 &/8()9) = C)('9 9()9)@ * /(* A)(/98* /( )((*0* 8) *)(9&*&@ /'9'*& = *9*& ))(&809('(& * G)/8 Y/)*@ ( *6+9('(& '/)+90:'9&@ '9('* = 8*'*)6* *)+*'*0* H\9& G*):*@ 1.
E')( A=*/< = C()) 0( P*&@ * N)'( 0( &9&'(6* 0( **& C/)*@ 8()'((9('(& * G)/8 G=*)9/97*. E ( C(6*9* * C)09()* O90('* 0( P() (')* (&'* )(8)(&('*0 8) *9*& 6*)9*& 0( * F)6*9> C P*)9*
&(/(9* *9*& 6*)9*& 0(69*0* 0( * F)6*9> /6*&<*.
D/)*'( ( P*(>7( = N(>7(@ & &9&'(6*& 0( **& <()(0*0& 0( )9' P()6')9&9@ '/;9() &/& )(*'9;*9(& )979*0 /(*& &(096('*)9*& '9('*(&@ 6 (& ( *& 0( *& /(*& A'* = S* ()>96 ( ( C/&@ C*&');9))(=* ( %/**;(9* = C*&*8** (')( /: = L96*. A&969&6@ ')*) * 09&')9+/9> 0( (')& ;9&@ 6 & )(90& ( & 09&')9'& 69()& 0( C()) 0( P*& = C/9,9)*.
="0"
TIPOS DE DEPÓSITOS METÁLICOS
="0"!" De4,'i)o' &e)6li*o' a'o*iao' *o+ ro*a' P>r&i*a'-Tri6'i*a'-Jur6'i*a' ="0"!"!"
De4,'i)o' e ura+io-+(?uel-*o8al)o-*o8re
E&'& 0(8>&9'& &( (/(')* <&8(0*0& ( )*& 6('*6>)9*& P)(*6+)9*&@ 6('*&(096('&@ *9*& = ;9& 0( P*(9@ 9')/&9(& P()6-T)9&9*&@ &(/(9*& 0( G)/8 M9'/ = *9*& 0( G)/8 P/*). E&')/'/)*6('( (&' ')*0& 8) & &9&'(6*& 0( **& S*'98-P*7*- S* F)*9&@ C()) 0( P*&-A=*/<@ P/=('96*)9 = P*'**<*-T*6+/). L* /('( 0( 69()*9*9> 0( (&'& 0(8>&9'&@ &( )(*9* * *'9;90*0 6*76'9* 0( P?)69-T)9&9-/)&9@ = *;)(90* 8) & &9&'(6*& 0( **& )(79*(& *'()9)6('( 6+)*0&.
E C()) 0( P*&@ &( '9(( )(79&')& 0( ;('*& 0( /*) 69()*9*9> 0( +)(/)*9 ( ( )(* 0( 0(8>&9' S* A+()'@ *,*0*& ( 99'*& P)(*6+)9*& 0( G)/8 %/*='*8*** = 76()*0& 0( G)/8 M9'/. E (&'( &(') *& (=(& 0( U 3Z (&' ( ( )*7 0( .Z5X * 1.35X HCEA@ 1. L*& (')*9(& 0( /)*9 ( ( )(* 0( * )(79> /:@ &( (/(')* 6 &/+8)0/'& ( & 0(8>&9'& 896('9& 0( *<9&<* = A(,*0):*. E *<9&<*@ *& (')*9(& 0( /)*9 (&' *&9*0*& * 6(*& 0( 69+0(@ Pág!" 2+
09&8/(&'*& 6 ;('9*& ( 7)*9'& P()6-T)9&9&. L* (= 8)6(09 0( U 3Z (& .1X. E A(,*0):*@ ( /)*9 (&' *&9*0 * 6(*& 0( +)(-86-9-8*'*@ 09&')9+/90*& ( ;('*& /( &( *,* ( & 7)/8& M9'/ = P/*). L*& (=(& 0( U 3Z ;*):* (')( .2X = .X.
E * )(79> %/**;(9*@ &( '9(( *6*:*& 0( /)*9 ,/' * (')*9(& 0( 86-8*'*@ * 6*()* 0( ;('*& = /()8&. E&'*& (&')/'/)*& 69()*9*0*& &( <** ( &(096('& 0( G)/8 M9'/. E 0(8>&9' (=(& *>6**& 0( /)*9 (& R(&'*/)*0)*@ 00( *& (=(& 0( U 3Z ;*):* 0( .1X * .1X HS&*@ 13.
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
="0"!"$" P,r.io'-'@ar+'-&e'o)er&ale' e *o8re-4lo&o-i+* E&'( '98 0( 0(8>&9'& &( (/(')* 09&')9+/90& ( ( * O(&'( 0( * C)09()* O)9('* 0( P() (')*. L* 69()*9*9> 0( (&'( &(') (&' ')*0* 8) ( &9&'(6* 0( **& 0( C()) 0( P*&-A=*/< = S*'98-P*7*-S* F)*9&. L*& )*&
E =*969(' 6& )(8)(&('*'9; 0( (&'( 7)/8 0( 0(8>&9'& (& C+)9*@ 8() 0(&'** ')& 0(8>&9'& 6 L/)0(&@ M*<*=@ R6*'(@ (')( ')&. A&: 69&6 (& 968)'*'( 6(9*) 0& &9&'(6*& 8)9):'9& 0( C/-M 6 & A'/)/9 = L* O;(,*.
L* 69()*9*9> 0( 0(8>&9' 0( +)( C+)9* &( (/(')* <&8(0*0* ( *9*& 0( P?)69 9()9) 0( G)/8 C8**+**. P)(&('* /* 7(6('):* 0( 6*'@ /* 79'/0 0( 45 6 = 8'(9* 8)6(09 0( 25 6. G(?'9*6('( (&' *&99*0* 6 / &*) 9 0( +)( 8(/(*& *'90*0(& 0( 8*'*. L& 8)998*(& ')(& 0( 69()*9*9> & **& 9;()&*& 0( )/6+ NO-SE. E ( )(* 0( 0(8>&9' &( '9(( / &' 7)*:'9 = 0& 7(()*9(& 0( 09/(&.
E 9')/&9; 7)*:'9 (& 0(69*0 *6('( 6 7)*9' C+)9* 0*'*0 ( 231 M* HS'(*)'@ 14. E ( '*' *& &(/(9*& &(096('*)9*& 8)(&('* /* 0?+9 &9999*9> = 60()*0* 8)899'9*9>. L& 09/(& '9(( 0& 68&99(&@ / +*&'9 = ') 0( *'/)*(* 09):'9* * /*) 69'*. E&'& '96& '98& 0( 09/(& 8*)(( (&'*) )(*9*0& 6& ()**6('( * 69()*9*9> 0( &*).
L*& *'()*9(& <90)'()6*(& 8)(&('* *&9*9(& 69()*>79*& 0( 09>8&90*9'*-/*)@ *0)*09'*-7)&/*)9*-*9'*-/*) = <)+(0*-*'99'*- 6*7('9'*. L& (&'*09& 0( 69()*9*9> &( 09() ( ')(& ('*8*&. P)96()@ / (&'*09 '(68)* 69()*9*9> 8)(069*'( 0( 89))'9'*-89)9'* <*& 09&'9/& 0( *'99'*. E &(7/0 (;(' )(8)(&('*0 8) ;('9*& 0( *)&(89)9'*- 89)9'*-+9&6/'99'*-+9&6/'. E '()() (;(' (& ( (>69 = (&' *)*'()9*0 8) * 8)(&(9* 0( *89)9'* /( +)0(* * (& 0( 6*7('9'*-7)**'(& = )((68** 7)*0/*6('( * &(')(& )9& ( 09>8&90@ 89))'9'*@ *'99'* = 8*)9*6('( * * <)+(0*.
Pág!" 2'
#ótese a las cali$as del %rupo &opacabana, roca de la minerali$ación de &obri$a. Asimismo, detalle de la estructura minerali$ada constituida por calcopirita, pirrotita y pirita.
="0"!"#" Sei&e+)ario' eBala)i/o' e 4lo&o-i+* R(*9*0& * * *'9;90*0 6*76'9*@ 0('()69*0* * '*' 0( G)/8 M9'/ ( G)/8 P/*) = ( ( P/*) 6(09. D(&'** /6()&& 0(8>&9'& 6('9&@ 6K %/*)968*@ M*' "*'= = ')& /+9*0& ( & 06& 0( Y*/9 = M*8*&.
C )(&8(' * 6*76*'9&6 ( ( P/*)* (')*@ (9&'( ;*)9*& 8&9+990*0(& /( 8/(0( &() &90()*0*&K 1 )(*9*0 * 099(& ('(&9*(& '('>9*&@ 2 )(8)(&('*0 / '98 0( ;*9&6 ')*&-*) ))(*9*0 ( *) ;9 * O(&'(@ 3 *&(& '*)0:*& 0( 6*76*'9&6 P?)69 H(;90(9* /9& 8) ( '*' ( M9'/P/*)*. E ( P() (')* / 6() 0( 0(8>&9'& (&')*'97*0& /))( ()* 0( '*' 0( & 7)/8& M9'/ = P/*). L& 0(8>&9'& 6& )(8)(&('*'9;& &( (/(')* *)(0(0) 0( D6 0( Y*/9 H8) (,. C*)*&9'& (&8*9*6('( (&' )(*9*0& * 0( )*& ;9*& 9'()-(&')*'99*0*& 0(') 0( * &(/(9* 0( P/*).
Pág!" 2-
L* 8)(&(9* 0( *'9;90*0 ;9* ( * +*&( 0( P/*)@ * 7(6('):* (&')*'9)6( * (&** 0( 69* = * 8*)*7?(&9&@ &/79()( ( 60(
;9- &(096('*)9
(<**'9; 8)8/(&' 8) 09()('(& */')(& H"+(@ 1 = 1Z2 %9)0(& A6&'/'@ 1Z V()*@ 1Z3 D*<(96()@ 1Z5.
L& 0(8>&9'& 6('9& /))( 8)998*6('( 6 6*'& 09&')9+/90& (')( )*& ;9*& = )*& *)+*'*0*& 0( *7/*& &6()*& 0( *& )6*9(& A)*6*<*= = C0)&97*. L& 6*'& &9&'( 8)998*6('( 0( *7)(7*0& 6*&9;& 0( 89)9'*@ <(6*'9'*@ 6*7('9'*@ (&*()9'* = 7*(* 09()('(& *'90*0(& 0( /*)@ *9'*@ 069'* = &90()9'* )9* ( 6*7*(&.
L* 8*)*7?(&9& 0( (&'& 0(8>&9'& 7/*)0* (&')(<* )(*9> * *'9;90*0 ;9*@ /( 8()69'( *'*7*)& 6 &//)& 6*&9;& = 7(/:69*6('( &( *)*'()9* 8) 6&')*) *'*& (=(& 0( I = +*,*& (=(& ( C0@ G*@ A7@ B9 = G( HS() L*)*@ 1Z3.
="0"!"0" MVT e i+*-4lo&o S( &9'* * *)7 0( * #* S/+*09* 0( (') 0( P() 0()6*9(& 0( 8)+*+( (0*0 M9(* &/8()9) HM?7*)0 1Z4. L*& *9*& 0( G)/8 P/*) &'9'/=( * )* <&8(0*'(. E&'& 0(8>&9'& &( 8/(0( 09;909) ( 0& 7)/8&@ & /( &( (/(')* ( * +*&( 0( P/*) H8) (,. S<*98*=@ #-P+- A7 = & /( &( <&8(0* ( * 8*)'( (')* 0( P/*) H8) (,. S* V9('(@ #-P+ HF+'?@ 1. A 9;( 0( ((6('& 6()(& = ')**@ & 0(8>&9'& '98 MVT <&8(0*0& ( ( G)/8 P/*) &( *)*'()9* 8) &/& *'*& (=(& 0( G( = C0@ +*,*& (=(& 0( B9@ A7@ G* ( I HS() L*)*@ 1Z3.
Pág!" 2.
#ótese en la foto derec'a una estructura de galena masiva con pátinas de ó"idos
="0"!"="
De4,'i)o' e *o8re e+ Ca4a' Ro7a'
E ( P() (')* &( '9(( * 0(8>&9' 0( C/ N(7)* %/*/&<* <&8(0*0 ( &(/(9*& 0( *8*& ),*& 0( G)/8 M9'/. L* 69()*9*9> /))( ( / )(* 0( 25 6 8) 15 6@ &( (/(')* 6 968)(7*9> ( *)(9&*&. L& 69()*(& 0( 6(* (&' )6*0& 8) *&9'*@ +)9'*@ ;(9'*@ 6**/9'*@ */)9'*@ /8)9'* = &/*'& 0( +)( H"+(@ 1.
L* (')*9> 0( 6(*& 0( +)( &( 8)0/, 8) 8)(&& '9/& 0/)*'( * */6/*9> = 09*7?(&9& 0( *8*& ),*&@ 8)0/' 0( * ()&9> 8&'- P?)69* = *'9;90*0 6*76'9* '(68)(* H"+(@ 1.
="0"$" De4,'i)o' &e)6li*o' *o+)rolao' 4or rea*)i/a*io+e' 'i')e&a' e .alla' Per&o-)ri6'i*a' L*& )(*'9;*9(& 0( & &9&'(6*& 0( **& P()6-T)9&9*& <* ,/7*0 / 8*8( 968)'*'( ( * 8*(7(7)*:* 0/)*'( * '('>9* *09*@ '* (& *&:@ /( 0/)*'( ( C(9@ ')> * 09&')9+/9> 0( /(*& '9('*(& = 6*76*'9&6 *&9*0 & 0(8>&9'& 0( P+-#-A7-C/@ /( &'9'/=( * )*,* 896?'*9* 0( P() C(')* HP('()&(@ 15 B(90 (' *.@ 1 P9@ 1Z2 S()@ 1Z S() (' *.@ 1Z. E (89* * 8)(&(9* 0( 0(8>&9'& '98 8>)90@ &*)&@ (89'()6*(& = )09()*& 0( 6('*(& +*&( HF+'? B(0(@ 1 B(0( (' *.@ 23
="0"$"!" S@ar+' e 4lo&o-i+*-*o8re Milpo-Atacocha
L& 0(8>&9'& 0( M98 = A'*<* 0( P+-#-C/ &( (/(')* <&8(0*0& ( *9*& 0( G)/8 P/*)@ 8()'((9('(& * * F)6*9> C<*6+*). L* 69()*9*9> (&'* *&9*0* * 9')/&9(& 8>)90 0*:'9*& (0*0(& "-A) (')( 2.Z = 25. HS() B<66(@ 1ZZ = ')*0* (&')/'/)*6('( 8) * ('(&9> 0( &9&'(6* 0( **& C()) 0( P*&-A=*/<@ *6('( 0(69*0* 6 **& M98-A'*<* Pág!" (&
)9('*9> N-S.
L* 69()*9*9> &( 8)(&('* 6 /()8& = ;('*&. L& 69()*(& 0( 6(* & 7*(*@ (&*()9'*@ *89)9'* = 8(/(*& *'90*0(& 0( &/&*(&. L* 7*7* (&' &'9'/90* 8) *9'*@ )(,*7*)@ )896('(@ =(&@ /*)@ )0)&9'*@ /)9'* = 969'*.
L*& 8)998*(& *'()*9(& <90)'()6*(& & *&9*9(& 0( 7)**'(&- 098&90@ 6)6 = &9999*9> 0( *& *9*&. L& (&'/09& 7(/:69& 0( '(90& 0( ((6('& 6()(& = ')** )(*9*0& 8) S() L*)* H1Z3@ 909* /( (&'& 0(8>&9'& 6/(&')* *'& '(90& 0( B9@ S(@ C = (=(& +*,*& * 6(09*& 0( A7@ G(@ C0@ I = G*.
&alcita masiva cortada por dos generaciones de vetillas de esfalerita con t ra$as de calcopirita. Depósito (ilpo.
Di')ri)o e 1ua*Bo*ol4a L& /()8& 0( )((68**69(' 0( 09&')9' 69() 0( %/*<8* &( (/(')* ')*0& 8) & &9&'(6*& 0( **& C<'* = L9*8*@ 0(&*))*0& ( ( '*' 0( 9')/&9;& 0( M9( &/8()9) = *9*& 0( G)/8 P/*). S/ 69()*7:* 0( 6(* (&'* )6*0* 8) (&*()9'*@ 7*(* = *&9*6('( *89)9'*. L* *'()*9> 8)998* (&' )(8)(&('*0* 8) /* 60()*0* &9999*9> *68**0* 0( *'90*0(& ;*)9*+(& 0( *9'*@ &90()9'*@ +*)9'9*@ )9'* = (&*&& 7)**'(&. O*&9*6('( (& 8&9+( (')*) <(0(6+()79'*@ 989)(& = 69()*(& )(')>7)*0& 6 (890'*@ Pág!" (#
)9'* = *:+(&.
="0"$"$" E4i)er&ale' e oro-4la)a ;ui*a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
)ista panorámica del ta!o abierto del depósito *uicay y detalle de brec'as s+liceas con matri$ de ó"idos con contenidos mayores de oro 'asta gt Au.
De4,'i)o Aul*o*Ba E A/<* *)* )*& &(096('*)9*& 6*)9*& = '9('*(& 0( M(&9 = C(9@ 0()6*0* 8) 09()('(& *&(& 0( * '('>9* *09*. E &' C&9' = /=* 68&99> ;*):* 0( 7)*9' * 7)*9' 0( Pág!" (2
(0(&8*'& **9&. T*6+9? &( '9(( 9')/&9(& &/+;9*& 6 (& ( *& 0( 06 (&& M*):* 0( 68&99> )9:'9* * )9:'9* 0( (0(&8*'& **9&. A *6+& &( (& *')9+/=( /* (0*0 0( E( &/8()9) * M9( HM/ F+'?@ 15 "
L* (&')/'/)* 6& 968)'*'( ))(&80( * &9&'(6* 0( **& S* &? 0( Q/()@ 0(69*0* *6('( 6 C<*&-G)* B)('** HM/ F+'?@ 15 / )/6+ 7(()* N45O@ /( ( ( )(* 0( =*969(' (& 9;()&* = 8( ( '*' & &(096('& *)(& 0( * F)6*9> C0)&97* = & &'9& 0( * F)6*9> G=*)9&/97*. E 0(8>&9' 0( A/<* &( (/(')* (68**0 ( * 8)9> &97690* HE-O 0( &9&'(6* 0( **& S* &? 0( Q/(). E /()8 69()* &( (&' ( *& *9*& 0( * F)6*9> C0)&97* = '9(( )6* (:8'9* 096(&9(& 0( 3 5 1 6@ ')*0 = 969'*0 8) * (&')/'/)* &97690* 0( &9&'(6* 0( **& S* &? 0( Q/() )/6+ NE-SO.
%*&'* 1Z /() (')*:0*& *)(0(0) 0( 1.5 M' (=(& (')( 1ZX = 25X 0( #. L* *'* 8()6(*+990*0 * *)7 0( *& **& = * &/+990*0 0( *& )*& *;)(9> * )6*9> 0( +)(<*& 0( *8& = (&8*9& ;*:&@ 00( &( <* 0(&*))*0 ( /()8 69()*@ /( &/79()( /( * 69()*9*9> &(* +&9*6('( 8&'()9) * *& 8)998*(& *&(& 0( * '('>9* *09* = ( 8*)'9/*) )(*9*0* ( &9&'(6* 0( **& S* &? 0( Q/() HM/ F+'?@ 15. E&' 909* /* (0*0 696* 0( M9( &/8()9).
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ág!" ((
)(* HM/ F+'?@ 15.
="0"$"#" E4i)er&ale' *orillera+o' e 4lo&o-i+*-4la)a Di')ri)o Mi+ero e Cerro e Pa'*o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
L& /()8& 69()*9*0& &( (/(')* ')*0& 8) **& N45]E@
N13]E =
N1]E@ /( ))(&80( * * ('(&9> 0( &9&'(6* 0( **& C()) 0( P*& A=*/<@ *6('( 0(69*0* 6 ** 79'/09* HÁ7((&@ 2.
L*& (0*0(& 0( 69()*9*9> 0('()69*0*& 8) ( 6?'0 A)-A) ( */9'* &(** 0& 7)/8& 0( (0*0(&@ 6 & 0( 14.5 * 14.1 = 0( 12.4 * 1. HB*/67*)'() (' *.@ 2 = ))(&80( * 0& (&'*09& 0( 69()*9*9> HB*/67*)'() (' *.@ 2. E 8)96() (&'*09 (&' )(8)(&('*0 8) /()8& 0( 89)9'*- /*)@ pipes = /()8& 0( 89))'9'* = /()8& 69()*9*0& 0( #-P+ (&*()9'* )9* ( F(. E &(7/0 (&'*09 0( 69()*9*9> '9(( 69()*9*9> ( ;('*& 0( (*)79'*-89)9'* )9* ( C/-A7-A/-#P+ = /()8& 0( )((68**69(' 0( #-P+ (&*()9'* 8+)( ( F( = *'& '(90& 0( B9-A7-C/.
L*& *&9*9(& 69()*>79*& 909* / *6+9('( 0( *'* &//)*9> = (*69(' 6*)*0 HB*/67*)'() (' *@ 22. L& /()8& 69()*9*0& +9( (*0& 6/(&')* (')& 9'()& )(*'9;*6('( )9& ( C/ /( 7)*0* ('()9)6('( * Pág!" ()
*& 89):'9*& )9*& ( B9-A7. L*& 6(*& 0( #-P+ /))( 8)(069*'(6('( ( *& 8*)'(& ('()*&.
)ista panorámica del ta!o abierto del depósito &erro de Pasco y detalle de una estructura con minerales de cobre cortando a un cuerpo masivo de pirita-pirrotita.
Di')ri)o e Col?ui7ir*a E 09&')9' 0( C/9,9)* (&' )6*0* 8) ')(& 0(8>&9'& 0(69*0& 0( N)'( * S/)K C/9,9)*@ M*)*8/'* = S* G)(7)9. L* 8)0/9> <9&'>)9* 6& *& )(&();*& 0( C/9,9)* *&9(0( *)(0(0) 0( 25 M' X #. M*)*8/'* '9(( 1 M' 1.5X C/@ 1 7[' A/ = . O[' A7 69(')*& /( S* G)(7)9 *+()7* *)(0(0) 0( M' .4X = 2.2X 0( P+.
L* )* &9' C/9,9)* (& /* &(/(9* 0( *)+*'& 0( * F)6*9> C*()* 0( E( S/8()9) HÁ7((&@ 1. L* 69()*9*9> 0( M*)*8/'* &( *,* ( / 68(, 0( 06& = /,& 0*:'9& (0*0(& A)-A) ( +9'9'* 0( 12. * 12. M* HB(0( (' *.@ 23. S* G)(7)9 '9(( 8) )*
E &9&'(6* 0( **& C()) 0( P*&-A=*/<@ *6('( 0(69*0* F** L79'/09* HÁ7((&@ 1@ &'9'/=( ( 8)998* ') (&')/'/)*.
L* 8*)'( (')* 0( 09&')9' 69() 0( C/9,9)*@ (& 0(9) M*)*8/'* &'9'/=( / ':89 &9&'(6* (89'()6* 0( A/@ A7 = C/ 0( '98 *'* &//)*9> 0(&*))*0 ( ( 68(, ;9 0*:'9 0( M*)*8/'* HV90*@ 1@ F'+'? = B(0(@ 1. Pág!" (+
C/()8& 9))(7/*)(& '('/)* 0( vuggy silica &9'/*0& * 9'()9) 0( *& 0( *'()*9> *)7:9* *;**0* 969'* (&8*9*6('( * 69()*9*9>. L* (0*0 0( * *'()*9>-69()*9*9> 0(990* 8) A)-A) ( */9'* &( )(79&')* ( 0& )*7& 0( 11. * 11.2 M* = 0( 1.Z * 1.5 M* HB(0( (' *.@ 23.
L* 69()*7:* 0( *& *'()*9(& 909* 099(& /()'(6('( 90*& 8*)* & /90& /( 7(()*) '*' S* G)(7)9 6 C/9,9)*. L*& )(*9(& (&8*9*(& = & )(&/'*0& 0( *+)*')9 &/79()( 6 /('( <90)'()6* / ;*)9& 8/&& 0( &9&'(6* (89'()6* 0( '98 *'* &//)*9> 0(&*))*0 ( ( 68(, ;9 0( M*)*8/'* /( &'9'/=( & * 8*)'( (')* 0( 09&')9'@ &9 '*6+9? ( ( 0( / *) *69(' 8)7)(&9; 0( * 69()*9*9> HF'+'? B(0(@ 1. E (*69(' ( 6('*(& +&();*0 8/(0( (89*)&( (&(9*6('( 8) / 0(&(& 0( '(68()*'/)* 0( *& 8*)'(& (')*(& <*9* * 8()9()9*.
L& =*969('& 0( S* G)(7)9 = C/9,9)* & & 8)96()& /( &( )(( 6 8()'((9('(& * /* /(;* *&( 0( ^*)+*'(-<&'(0 (89'<()6* #-P+ <97< &/90*'9 0(8&9'&^ HF'+'? B(0(@ 1. E&' *+)( / /(; +,('9; 0( (8)*9>K 69()*9*9> 0( #-P+ H;9)'/*6('( &9 A/ = C/ (&*6+(& 0( *'()*9> *)7:9* = *)7:9* *;**0* H9/& */9'* ( )*& *)+*'*0*& &9'/*0*& ()* 0( &9&'(6*& (89'()6*(& 0( *'* &//)*9> A/ = C/ HF'+'? B(0(@ 1.
/oto i$quierda, minerali$ación de Pb-0n reempla$ando carbonatos de la /ormación &alera. /oto derec'a, bandeamiento de flu!o del comple!o de domos del centro volcánico de (arcapunta.
="0"$"0" Corillera+o' e 4lo&o-i+*-4la)a Pág!" (,
Ma+)o' 2 Ve)a' el Di')ri)o Sa+ Cri')o8al-A+a2*Ba%ua E ( )(* 0( 09&')9' 8/(0( 09()(9*)&( ')(& (;('& 6*=)(& 6*76'9& 9')/&9;& 6 &K * 7)*09)9'* C*)*96& * * 9')/&9> 0( C
L* (&*()9'* 0( & 6*'& 0( S* C)9&'+*-A0*=<*7/* '9(( '(68()*'/)*& 0( <67(9*9> (')( 22 = 31]C = '(68()*'/)*& 0( /&9> (')( -2 = -1]C HM)9' (' *.@ 21. L& )(&/'*0& 0( 0*'& 0( 9/&9(& /90*& ( *& ;('*& 0( S*-C)9&'+* A0*=<*7/*@ &( 9'()8)('* 6 /* 0(7*&99*9> 8)7)(&9;* 0( CO2 8)0/' 0( * 9'()*9> 0( *7/* 6('(>)9* = /90& <90)'()6*(& 97()*6('( &*9& H6(& 0( 'X N*C@ 8&9+(6('( 0( )97( 6*76'9 &(6(,*'( * /* 09/9> = 0(7*&99*9> ( &9&'(6*& (89'()6*(& HM)9' (' *.@ 21.
L& &//)& 0( ;('*& 0( 09&')9' 0( S* C)9&'+*-A0*=<*7/* '9(( ;*)(& *'& 0( _34S ( / )*7 6& (&')(< 0( `3 * `Z a. M9(')*& /( & &//)& 0( & 6*'& '9(( / )*7 6& *689 (')( -3.5 = `Z.5 a. L& ;*)(& *'& 0( _34S ( S* C)9&'+*-A0*=<*7/* &/79()( / )97( (;*8):'9 0( */)( 09()('(& 099(& 0( /7*90*0 0( :7( ( & /90& <90)'()6*(& HM)9' (' *.@ 21.
L& M*'& = ;('*& '9(( &969*)(& 68&99(& 0( 9&>'8& 0( */)( = 86 H_34S b 3-ZaCDT 2P+[24P+ b1Z.Z-1Z.Z 2P+[24P+ b 15.3 - 15.5 HS*9() (' *.@ 2. D9<& )(&/'*0& 909* /( *6+& '98& 0( * 6(* & 0( * 69&6* (0*0 = &( )6*) * 8*)'9) 0( * 69&6* (0* <90)'()6* = 8&9+(6('( )(*9*0& * 9')/&9> 0( C
Pág!" ('
)ista panorámica mirando al #orte. Depósito Andayc'agua.
Ma+)o' 2 /e)a' +-P8 el Di')ri)o e Moro*o*Ba Mi+a Ma+ueli)a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
Pág!" (-
E M)<*@ *& 9/&9(& /90*& ( 6*'& 8)0/')(& 0( (&*()9'* '9(( '(68()*'/)*& 0( <67(9*9> 0( 24 * 25]C = '(68()*'/)*& 0( /&9> (')( -3 = -2]C" S//)& 0( & 6*'& = ;('*& 0( 09&')9' 0( M)<* '9(( ;*)(& 0( _34S 0(') 0( / )*7 (&')(< 0( `.5 * `4.5 a HCDT &/8()8/(&' & )*7& 0( * `3.5 a 0( &//)& ()*& * 8>)90 = &*) HM)9' (' *.@ 21. D9<& )(&/'*0& 909* /( ( */)( ( (&'( 09&')9' (& 8)(069*'(6('( 0( )97( 6*76'9 = <*+):* 0()9;*0 0( *& 9')/&9(& 69?9*&. N +&'*'(@ * &9699'/0 0( & ;*)(& 0( _34S 0( *& ;('*& = 6*'& 0( *0* 09&')9'@ (&'* 7/*)0* /* (&')(<* )(*9> & )(&/'*0& 0( 9&>'8& 0( 86@ 909*0 /( *6+& '98& 0( 6(*& /() )979*0*& 8) ( 69&6 &9&'(6* <90)'()6* HM)9' (' *.@ 21.
)ista panorámica del distrito minero de (orococ'a y detalle de una estructura minerali$ada constituida por pirrotita, galena, esfalerita, pirita y rodocrosita.
Ma*B*6+- A)a*o*Ba E 0(8>&9' 0( P+-# M*< 8()'((( * 09&')9' 69() 0( A'*<* = '9(( ;('*& )9('*9(& 0( N12 * 145@ 6*'& = /()8&. L*& (&')/'/)*& 69()*9*0*& &( 09&')9+/=( * *)7 0( * O(&'( 0( / *'99* *&96?')9 = ')*0 8) **& )9('*9(& N11 * 145 = +/*69('& &/+-;()'9*(&. A&969&6@ 0(&'** * 8)(&(9* 0( ')& &9&'(6*& N1-1Z H (&*&* 8)(&(9* 0( 69()* = NZ5-5 8&'-69()*9*9>.
%*9* ( S/)(&'( 0( )(* 0( 0(8>&9' &( (8( *7/& &'& &/+- ;9 6*=)6('( 0( 68&99> 0*:'9* = ')*0 8) **& NO-SE 0( &9&'(6* C()) 0( P*&-A=*/< HM98-A'*<*. Pág!" (.
R(&/'*0& 0( 9&>'8& 0( 86 ( 7*(*& (')*:0*& 0( *& 09;()&*& (&')/'/)*& 69()*9*0*& '9(( ;*)9*9(& &9799*'9;*&@ 8) /( 80):* ))(&80() * / 69&6 (;(' <90)'()6*@ )(*9*0 * *'9;90*0 '('>9* = 6*76'9* 0( (0*0 E(* '*)0:*-O97( '(68)*@ 0( )(* H%9)0(&@ 1.
CONCLUSIONES L* /(* P()6-T)9&9* ( ( P() (')* *+*)* /* ('(&* )(* /( (&' 969'*0* * O(&'( 8) ( &9&'(6* 0( **& C<'* ( * C)09()* O90('*@ = * E&'( 8) ( &9&'(6* 0( **& S*'98-P*7*-S* F)*9& /( 0(9( * #* S/+*09*. S9 (6+*)7 * 9'()9) 0( (&'* )(* &( <* )(90 &9&'(6*& 0( **& /( & 9'()8)('*0*& 0( <*+() ,/7*0 0/)*'( ( 8)(& 0( )9' = 8&'()9)6('( <* ')*0 * (;/9> *09*K /(*& &(096('*)9*&@ (68**69(' 0( 9')/&9;&@ (')& ;9& = '*6+9? * 69()*9*9>.
Pág!" )&
