MANAJEMEN MANAJEME N DAN DA N PERAN P ERAN PERAWA PERAWAT DALAM PENANGANAN BENCANA KEBAKARAN
Dosen Pembimbing SITI ROMADHONI S.KEP., NS, M. KEP
Oleh : NAMA
: NURWAHYU NURWAHYUDIN DIN
NIM
: 0!"0#$
PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KEPERAWATAN SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU KESEHATAN MUHAMMADIYA MUHAMMADI YAH H PALEMBANG 2016
Manajemen Dan Pean Pea!a" Da#am Penan$anan Ben%ana Ke&a'aan
A. M%n%&emen Pen%ng%n%n 'en(%n% Keb%)%*%n
M%n%&emen +en%ng%n%n ben(%n% i b%gi )e %l%m -ig% %se /%i- P*% ben(%n%, In-*% ben(%n% %n +%s(% ben(%n%. D%l%m m%n%&emen +engelol%%n )eben(%n%%n,
%se P*% ben(%n% me*+%)%n %se m%n%&emen *esi)o ben(%n%.
M%n%&emen *esi)o ben(%n% -e*i*i %*i " (%*%, /%i- +en(eg%h%n, mi-ig%si, %n )esi%+si%g%%n. P%% m%s% +*% ben(%n% %-% iseb- &g% seb%g%i %se +en/%%*%n %)%n ben(%n%, me*+%)%n %se +en(eg%h%n im%n% m%s/%*%)%- ibe*i)%n -%mb%h%n 1%1%s%n mm -en-%ng ben(%n% )eb%)%*%n eng%n -%*ge- %n-%*% l%in : !. Pening)%-%n +enge-%h%n %n +em%h%m%n m%s/%*%)%- -en-%ng ben(%n% )hssn/% )eb%)%*%n, /%i- +%h%m me)%nisme 2i() *es+on se+e*-i menghbngi in%s +em%%m )eb%)%*%n se-em+%-, l%ng)%h3l%ng)%h *es2e /%ng +e*l, (e+%- %n -e+%- n-) meminim%lis%si )o*b%n se*-% mene)%n )e*gi%n h%*-%4ben% %n meminim%lis%si +eng*s%)%n ling)ng%n %)ib%)eb%)%*%n, 5. Pembe*%/%%n Smbe* D%/% M%nsi% 6SDM7 mel%li m%-%n3m%-%n %*-i)el -em%-is /%ng be*si%- +enmbh%n )es%%*%n m%s/%*%)%- -e*h%%+ +o-ensi, &enis %n si%- ben(%n% )eb%)%*%n, ". Pe*en(%n%%n +engemb%ng%n 1il%/%h %n +e*-mbh%n -%-%3*%ng /%ng b%i) n-) +en(eg%h%n ben(%n% )eb%)%*%n i ling)ng%n m%s/%*%)%-8 9. Peles-%*i%n ling)ng%n.
D%*i sosi%lis%si -%ngg%+ ben(%n% )eb%)%*%n -e*seb-, m%s/%*%)%- %1%m %+%menge-%hi %n men/i)%+i eng%n b%i) ben(%n% )eb%)%*%n. Kegi%-%n3)egi%-%n +en(eg%h%n /%ng %+%- il%))%n sebelm ben(%n% )eb%)%*%n %+%- be*+%: !. 5. ". 9. .
Penii)%n +ening)%-%n )es%%*%n ben(%n% 6is%s-e* %1%*eness7 %-ih%n +en%nggl%ng%n ben(%n% 6is%s-e* *ill7 Pen/i%+%n -e)nologi -%h%n ben(%n% 6is%s-e*3+*oo7 Memb%ngn sis-em sosi%l /%ng -%ngg%+ ben(%n% Pe*ms%n )ebi&%)%n3)ebi&%)%n +en%nggl%ng%n ben(%n%
6is%s-e*
m%n%gemen- +oli(ies7. P*ose* ; T%h%+%n Pen%nggl%ng%n P*% 'en(%n% )eb%)%*%n /%ng %+%il%))%n oleh m%s/%*%)%- eng%n mem%n%%-)%n smbe* %/% m%nsi% /%ng %% %+%- mel%li +e*%ng)%- )omni)%si %n ino*m%si, %n-%*% l%in : !. Me*en(%n%)%n %n mel%)s%n%)%n )egi%-%n Ron% ise)i-%* ling)ng%n +em)im%n 1%*g% %n )hssn/% i -em+%-3-em+%- *%1%n )eb%)%*%n 6+em%n-%%n, ino*m%si %n )omni)%si7. 5. Me*en(%n%)%n %n Mensosi%lis%si)%n Kese+%)%-%n +en/%m+%i%n -%n% b%h%/% /%ng ise+%)%-i be*s%m% : Ken-ong%n, si*ine, +eli- %-% %+% /%ng -el%h ise+%)%-i. ". Me*en(%n%)%n %n
Mensosi%lis%si)%n
Kese+%)%-%n
&%l*
e<%)%si
:
Dise+%)%-i &%l* m%n% /%ng %)%n ile1%-i n-) +en/el%m%-%n. 9. Me*en(%n%)%n %n Mensosi%lis%si)%n Kese+%)%-%n Tem+%- Pengngsi%n /%ng %)%n ign%)%n : Dise+%)%-i -em+%- +engngsi%n %m%n. . Mensosi%lis%si)%n Pe*si%+%n M%sing3M%sing Kel%*g% :Y%ng i-%m%)%n n-) isel%m%-)%n, se+e*-i s*%-3s*%- be*h%*g%, -e*n%), +%)%i%n se()+n/%.
=%se +*% ben(%n% /%ng )e% %%l%h mi-ig%si. Mi-ig%si me*+%)%n se*%ng)%i%n +%/% n-) meng*%ngi *isi)o ben(%n%, b%i) mel%li +emb%ngn%n isi) m%+n +en/%%*%n %n +ening)%-%n )em%m+%n mengh%%+i %n(%m%n ben(%n%. Mi-ig%si ben(%n% /%ng ee)-i h%*s memili)i -ig% ns* -%m%, /%i- +enil%i%n b%h%/%, +e*ing%-%n %n +e*si%+%n. !. Penil%i%n b%h%/% 6h%>%* %sses-men-78 i+e*l)%n n-) mengien-ii)%si +o+l%si %n %se- /%ng -e*%n(%m, se*-% -ing)%- %n(%m%n. Penil%i%n ini meme*l)%n +enge-%h%n -en-%ng )%*%)-e*is-i) smbe* ben(%n%, +*ob%bili-%s )e&%i%n ben(%n%, se*-% %-% )e&%i%n ben(%n% i m%s% l%l. T%h%+%n ini
mengh%sil)%n Pe-% Po-ensi 'en(%n% Keb%)%*%n /%ng s%ng%- +en-ing n-) me*%n(%ng )e% ns* mi-ig%si l%inn/%. 5. Pe*ing%-%n 61%*ning78 i+e*l)%n n-)
membe*i
+e*ing%-%n )e+%%
m%s/%*%)%- -en-%ng ben(%n% /%ng %)%n meng%n(%m. Sis-em +e*ing%-%n i%s%*)%n +%% %-% ben(%n% /%ng -e*&%i seb%g%i +e*ing%-%n ini se*-% menggn%)%n be*b%g%i s%l*%n )omni)%si n-) membe*i)%n +es%n )e+%% +ih%) /%ng be*1en%ng m%+n m%s/%*%)%-. Pe*ing%-%n -e*h%%+ ben(%n% /%ng %)%n meng%n(%m h%*s %+%- il%))%n se(%*% (e+%-, -e+%- %n i+e*(%/%. ". Pe*si%+%n 6+*e+%*eness7. Kegi%-%n )%-ego*i ini -e*g%n-ng )e+%% ns* mi-ig%si sebelmn/% 6+enil%i%n b%h%/% %n +e*ing%-%n7, /%ng memb-h)%n +enge-%h%n -en-%ng %e*%h /%ng )emng)in%n -e*)en% ben(%n% %n +enge-%h%n -en-%ng sis-em +e*ing%-%n n-) menge-%hi )%+%n h%*s mel%))%n e<%)%si %n )%+%n s%%-n/% )emb%li )e-i)% si-%si -el%h %m%n.
T%h%+%n /%ng )e-ig% %%l%h Kesi%+si%g%%n, %l%m ben(%n% )eb%)%*%n %% # )egi%-%n %l%m -%h%+ )esi%+si%g%%n /%ng m%n% -ig% i%n-%*%n/% -el%h il%s i b%h%s%n sebelmn/%. In-i %*i -%h%+ )esi%+si%g%%n -e*seb- %%l%h : !. Penil%i%n Risi)o(risk assessment) - Ien-ii)%si %n(%m%n 6h%>%*7, )e*en-%n%n%n 6<lne*%bili-/7 - An%lisis Risi)o 'en(%n% - Ten-)%n -ing)%- Risi)o - '%- Pe-% Risi)o 'en(%n% 5. Pe*en(%n%%n Si%g%(contingency planning) - Ten-)%n s%- &enis %n(%m%n - '%- S)en%*io Ke&%i%n - Ssn Kebi&%)%n Pen%ng%n%n - K%&i Keb-h%n - In
Mel%))%n +enii)%n i se)ol%h3se)ol%h %n Mel%))%n +el%-ih%n se(%*% )on-in/: 3 M%n%&e*i%l 3 Te)nis o+e*%sion%l . Koo*in%si(coordination) 3 Memben-) o*m )oo*in%si 3 Men/elengg%*%)%n +e*-em%n be*)%l% se(%*% *-in 3 S%ling be*-)%* ino*m%si 3 Men/sn Ren(%n% Te*+% $. Me)%nisme Res+on(response mechanism) 3 Men/i%+)%n Pos)o 3 Men/i%+)%n Tim Re%)si ?e+%3 Mem+n/%i P*ose* Te-%+ 3 Menen-)%n In(ien- ?omm%ne* 3 Mel%))%n +%/% +en%ng%n%n i l%* +*ose* *-in @. Pe*ing%-%n Dini(early warning) Pen/%m+%i%n ino*m%si /%ng -e+%- 1%)- %n ee)-i,
mel%li
)elemb%g%%n /%ng &el%s, sehingg% memng)in)%n se-i%+ ini
n-) memb%n-
m%s/%*%)%-
/%ng -e*-im+%
ben(%n%,
gn%
menghin%*i be*-%mb%hn/% )o*b%n &i1%. Pen/elengg%*%%n +en%nggl%ng%n ben(%n% +%% s%%- -%ngg%+ %**%- meli+-i: !. Peng)%&i%n se(%*% (e+%- %n -e+%- -e*h%%+ lo)%si )eb%)%*%n, )e*s%)%n /%ng 5. ". 9. . $.
-el%h -e*&%i, -%)si*%n )e*gi%n, %n smbe* %/%8 Penen-%n s-%-s )e%%%n %**%- ben(%n%8 Pen/el%m%-%n %n e<%)%si m%s/%*%)%- -e*)en% ben(%n% )eb%)%*%n8 Pemenh%n )eb-h%n %s%*8 Pe*linng%n -e*h%%+ )elom+o) *en-%n8 %n Pemlih%n eng%n sege*% +*%s%*%n% %n s%*%n%
=%se P%s(% ben(%n% P%% -%h%+ +*% ben(%n% ini meli+-i % )e%%%n /%i- : 3 D%l%m si-%si -i%) -e*&%i ben(%n% 3 D%l%m si-%si -e*%+%- +o-ensi ben(%n% !. Si-%si Ti%) Te*&%i 'en(%n% Si-%si -i%) %% +o-ensi ben(%n% /%i- )onisi s%- 1il%/%h /%ng be*%s%*)%n %n%lisis )e*%1%n%n ben(%n% +%% +e*ioe 1%)- -e*-en- -i%) mengh%%+i %n(%m%n ben(%n% /%ng n/%-%. Pen/elengg%*%%n +en%nggl%ng%n ben(%n% %l%m si-%si -i%) -e*&%i ben(%n% meli+-i : %. +e*en(%n%%n +en%nggl%ng%n ben(%n%8 b. +eng*%ng%n *isi)o ben(%n%8 (. +en(eg%h%n8 . +em%%n %l%m +e*en(%n%%n +emb%ngn%n8 e. +e*s/%*%-%n %n%lisis *isi)o ben(%n%8 . +el%)s%n%%n %n +eneg%)%n *en(%n% -%-% *%ng8 g. +enii)%n %n +el%-ih%n8 %n h. +e*s/%*%-%n s-%n%* -e)nis +en%nggl%ng%n ben(%n%.
5. Si-%si Te*%+%- Po-ensi 'en(%n% P%% si-%si ini +e*l %%n/% )egi%-%n3)egi%-%n )esi%+ si%g%%n, +e*ing%-%n ini %n mi-ig%si ben(%n% %l%m +en%nggl%ng%n ben(%n%. %. Kesi%+si%g%%n b. Pe*ing%-%n Dini (. Mi-ig%si 'en(%n%
Kegi%-%n3)egi%-%n +*%3ben(%n% ini il%))%n se(%*% lin-%s se(-o* %n ml-i s-%)ehole*,oleh )%*en% i- ngsi 'NP'4'P'D %%l%h ngsi )oo*in%si.
'. Pe*%n +e*%1%- %l%m +en%ng%n%n ben(%n% )eb%)%*%n Pe*%n Pe*%1%- %l%m %sh%n )e+e*%1%-%n memili)i -%nggng &%1%b +e*%n %l%m memb%n- meng%-%si %n(%m%n ben(%n% b%i) sel%m% -%h%+ +*eim+%(-, im+%(-4eme*gen(/, %n +os-im+%(Pe*%n +e*%1%- isini bis% i)%-%)%n ml-i+le8 3
seb%g%i b%gi%n %*i +en/sn *en(%n%,
3
+enii),
3
+embe*i %sh%n )e+e*%1%-%n
3
b%gi%n %*i -im +eng)%&i%n )e&%i%n ben(%n%.
1( T)j)an )"ama
T&%n -in%)%n %sh%n )e+e*%1%-%n )omni-%s +%% ben(%n% ini %%l%h n-) men(%+%i )emng)in%n -ing)%- )eseh%-%n -e*b%i) m%s/%*%)%- /%ng -e*)en% ben(%n% -e*seb2( Pean Pea!a" a( Pean *a#am Pen%e$a+an P,me
A% bebe*%+% h%l /%ng %+%- il%))%n -im+e*%1%- %l%m m%s% +*% ben(%n% ini, %n-%*% l%in: !. Mengen%li ins-*)si %n(%m%n b%h%/% )eb%)%*%n8 5. Men/i%+)%n +e*%l%-%n )eseh%-%n i %e*%h *%1%n )eb%)%*%n8 ". Mengien-ii)%si )eb-h%n3)eb-h%n s%%- %se eme*gen(/ 6m%)%n%n, %i*, ob%-3ob%-%n, +%)%i%n %n selim-, se*-% -en%78 9. Mel%-ih +en%ng%n%n +e*-%m% )o*b%n ben(%n% )eb%)%*%n b%i) mengemb%ng)%n )em%m+%n seni*i m%+n mel%-ih m%s/%*%)%mm %g%* %+%- mel%)s%n%)%n +en%ng%n%n +e*-%m%8 . 'e*)oo*in%si be*b%g%i in%s +eme*in-%h%n, o*g%nis%si ling)ng%n, +%l%ng me*%h n%sion%l m%+n lemb%g%3lemb%g% )em%s/%*%)%-%n %l%m membe*i)%n +en/lh%n %n siml%si +e*si%+%n mengh%%+i %n(%m%n ben(%n% )e+%% m%s/%*%)%-.
Penii)%n )eseh%-%n i%*%h)%n )e+%% : !. Us%h% +e*-olong%n i*i seni*i 6+%% m%s/%*%)%- -e*seb-7, 5. Pel%-ih%n +e*-olong%n +e*-%m% %l%m )el%*g% se+e*-i menolong %nggo-% )el%*g% eng%n )e(*ig%%n *%)-* -l%ng , +e*%*%h%n, %n +e*-olong%n +e*-%m% l)% b%)%*, ". Membe*i)%n bebe*%+% %l%m%- %n nomo* -ele+on %**%- se+e*-i in%s )eb%)%*%n, RS %n %mbl%ns. 9. Membe*i)%n ino*m%si -en-%ng +e*leng)%+%n /%ng %+%- ib%1% 6mis%l +%)%i%n se+e*ln/%, +o*-%ble *%io, sen-e*, b%-e*%i7, . Membe*i)%n ino*m%si -em+%-3-em+%- %l-e*n%-i +en%m+ng%n %-% +os)o3+os)o ben(%n%. &( Pean Pea!a" *a#am Kea*aan Da)a" -Im.a%" P+a/e
Pe*%1%- h%*s mel%))%n +eng)%&i%n se(%*% (e+%- n-) mem-s)%n -in%)%n +e*-olong%n +e*-%m%. A% s%%- im%n% Csele)siC +%sien n-) +en%ng%n%n sege*% 6eme*gen(/7 %)%n lebih ee)-i. 6T*i%se 7 TRI!" # •
Me*%h +%ling +en-ing, +*io*i-%s -%m%. )e%%%n /%ng meng%n(%m )ehi+%n seb%gi%n bes%* +%sien meng%l%mi hi+o)si%, s/o), -*%m% %%, +e*%*%h%n in-e*n%l, -*%m% )e+%l% eng%n )ehil%ng%n )es%%*%n, l)% b%)%* e*%&%- I3II
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Kning 333 +en-ing, +*io*i-%s )e%. P*io*i-%s )e% meli+-i in&*/ eng%n ee) sis-emi) n%mn belm &%-h )e )e%%%n s /o) )%*en% %l%m )e%%%n ini seben%*n/% +%sien m%sih %+%- be*-%h%n sel%m% "03$0 meni-. In&*/ -e*seb- %n-%*% l%in *%)-* -l%ng ml-i+el, *%)-* -e*b)%, (ee*% mell% s+in%lis, l%se*%si, l)% b%)%* e*%&%- II
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Hi&% 333 +*io*i-%s )e-ig%. Y%ng -e*m%s) )%-ego*i ini %%l%h *%)-* -e*--+, l)% b%)%* mino*, mino* l%se*%si, )on-sio, %b*%sio, %n islo)%si
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Hi-%m 333 meningg%l. Ini %%l%h )o*b%n ben(%n% /%ng -i%) %+%sel%m%- %*i ben(%n%, i-em)%n s%h %l%m )e%%%n meningg%l
%( Pean .ea!a" *, *a#am ./' .en$)n$/,an *an ./' &en%ana
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Mem%sili-%si &%1%l )n&ng%n )onsl-%si meis %n (e) )eseh%-%n seh%*i3h%*i
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Te-%+ men/sn *en(%n% +*io*i-%s %sh%n )e+e*%1%-%n h%*i%n
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Me*en(%n%)%n %n mem%sili-%si -*%nse* +%sien /%ng meme*l)%n +en%ng%n%n )eseh%-%n i RS
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Menge<%l%si )eb-h%n )eseh%-%n h%*i%n
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Meme*i)s% %n meng%-* +e*sei%%n ob%-, m%)%n%n, m%)%n%n )hss b%/i, +e*%l%-%n )eseh%-%n
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Mengien-ii)%si *e%)si +si)ologis /%ng mn(l +%% )o*b%n 6%nsie-%s, e+*esi /%ng i-n&))%n eng%n se*ingn/% men%ngis %n mengisol%si i*i7 m%+n *e%)si +si)osom%-i) 6hil%ng n%s m%)%n, insomni%, %-ige, m%l mn-%h, %n )elem%h%n o-o-7
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Memb%n- -e*%+i )e&i1%%n )o*b%n )hssn/% %n%)3%n%), %+%il%))%n eng%n memoii)%si ling)ng%n mis%l eng%n -e*%+i be*m%in.
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Mem%sili-%si )onseling %n -e*%+i )e&i1%%n l%inn/% oleh +%*% +si)olog %n +si)i%-e*
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Konsl-%si)%n be*s%m% s+e*
*( Pean .ea!a" *a#am a/e ./",m.a%" •
'en(%n% -en- membe*i)%n be)%s )hss b%gi )e%%%n isi), sosi%l, %n +si)ologis )o*b%n.
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Sel%m% m%s% +e*b%i)%n +e*%1%- memb%n- m%s/%*%)%- n-) )emb%li +%% )ehi+%n no*m%l.
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'ebe*%+% +en/%)i- %n )onisi isi) mng)in meme*l)%n &%ng)% 1%)- /%ng l%m% n-) no*m%l )emb%li b%h)%n -e*%+%- )e%%%n im%n% )e(%(%-%n -e*&%i.
DA3TAR PUSTAKA •
Pe*)% 'NP' 93500 Peom%n Pen/sn%n Ren(%n%
•
Pen%nggl%ng%n 'en(%n%. Pe*)% 'NP' !03500 Peom%n Kom%no T%ngg%+ D%**%-
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'en(%n%. Disaster Risk Management. 2003. Hospital Preparedness for Emergencies & Disasters. Indonesian Hospital Association. Participan Manual. Jakarta 2003. •
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