ODO LV FAZ[J AI TZDCLP\
<.4.
Cdm`dsdm Pjarl
Cdm`dsdm tjarl njrupdhdm odeldm ydme njmedm`ume tjarl ojrslidt rjcjvdm umtuh njmgjcdshdm fdc-fdc ydme dhdm `lodfds dtdu `ltjcltl eumd njnjkdfhdm pjrndsdcdfdm `jmedm njmeeumdhdm pjnodfdsdm tjarltls tjrsjout. Cdm`dsdm tjarl umtuh fausj ai qudclty tjr`lrl dtds qudclty iumktlam `jpcaynjmt, `jpcaynjmt, pjnojmtuhdm fausj fausj ai qudclty (FAT), (FAT), `dm odeldm FAT. Ojrlhut lml njrupdhdm cdm`dsdm tjarl ojrhdltdm `jmedm fausj ai qudclty .
<.4.4
Tudclty Iumktlam @jpcaynjmt TI@ njrupdhdm sjoudf njta`j pjrjmkdmddm `dm pjmejnodmedm
pra`uh ydme tjrstruhtur ydme njnumehlmhdm tjdn pjmejnodme umtuh njmjmtuhdm sjkdrd gjcds hjoutufdm `dm hjlmelmdm hamsunjm `dm hjnu`ldm njmejvdcudsl hdpdsltds sjtldp prapasdc `dm pra`uh `dm gdsd sjkdrd slstjndtls (Kafjm, ?22:). Hamsjp
Tudclty
Iumktlam
@jpcaynjmt njrupdhdm @jpcaynjmt
dcdt
umtuh
njml`jmtlilhdslhdm njml`jmtlilhdslhdm hjoutufdm pjcdmeedm. Pugudmmyd d`dcdf njmgdnlm odfwd pra`uh ydme `lfdslchdm `dpdt njnjmufl tlmehdt hudcltds ydme njnudshdm pjcdmeedm. [dcdf sdtu ojmtuh pjmlcdldm hlmjrgd lm`ustrl d`dcdf pjmlcdldm tjrfd`dp Tudclty Iumktlam @jpcaynjmt (TI@). @jpcaynjmt (TI@). TI@ njnudt hjeldtdm utdnd ydltu njmel`jmtlilhdsl fdrdpdm hamsunjm odlh, njmefltume tlmehdt hjpjmtlmedm hamsunjm `dm ndslmendslme hjoutufdm, njnoudt dmdclsd tlmehdt hlmjrgd pra`uh ojr`dsdrhdm ndsuhdm ydme `lpjracjf `drl hamsunjm. Njmurut
[uclstydwdtl,
pjmjcltldm
njmeeeumdhdm
TI@
ndnpu
njmeumehdp hjsjmgdmedm hudcltds pra`uh `dm cdydmdm `jmedm idhtd ydme
LV-4
LV-?
`ltjrlnd pjcdmeedm. Ojr`dsdrhdm fdc tjrsjout ndhd pjrcu `lcdhuhdm tlm`dhdm tjhmls pjmlmehdtdm sunojr `dyd ndmusld `dm ndmdgjnjm (Jiijm`l, ?225).
<.4.? Rjnojmtuhdm Fausj Ai Tudclty (FAT)
Rjnojmtuhdm FAT tjr`lrl `drl ojojrdpd prasjs ydme tjrurut. Ojrlhut lml ojojrdpd prasjs `dcdn pjnojmtuhdm FAT ydltu (Dmeerdjml `hh, ?24;). 4. [pjslilhdsl Pjhmlh. Rjnoudtdm spjslilhdsl tjhmlh tjr`lrl `drl dtrlout, ndtrlhs, spjslilhdsl tjhmlh, sdtudm `dm hrltjrld. ?. _jcdtlamsflp. _jcdtlamsflp _jcdtlamsflp njrupdhdm pjmlcdldm hjhudtdm fuoumedm dmtdrd dtrlout `jmedm spjslilhdsl tjhmlh. Rjmlcdldm fuoumedm tjrsjout `jmedm shdcd 2 (tl`dh ojrfuoumedm) , 4 (cjndf), ; (sj`dme), < (sdmedt hudt). ;. Ndtrlhs Rjrjmkdmddm (Rcdmmlme ( Rcdmmlme Ndtrlx). Ndtrlx). Rjmjmtudm ndtlhs pjrjmkdmddm `lcdhuhdm njcdcul ojojrdpd prasjs, dmtdrd cdlm 7 d. Lnpartdmkj ta kastunjr (Plmehdt (Plmehdt Hjpjmtlmedm Dtrlout Hamsunjm) Rjmlcdldm hjpjmtlmedm pra`uh `lcdhuhdm sjkdrd suogjhtli tjrfd`dp dtrlout `drl njgd `dpur ydme `lrdmkdme. o. Kurrjmt [dtlsidktlam Rjriarndmkj (Hjpudsdm Rjriarndmkj (Hjpudsdm Hamsunjm) Hacan lml ojrlsl `drl fdslc hulslamjr hjpudsdm ydme `lcdhuhdm dedr `dpdt njmejtdful pjmlcdldm tjrfd`dp pra`uh ydme d`d tjrhdlt rdmkdmedm dtrlout `drl tdojc FAT. Ojrlhut njrupdhdm kdrd umtuh njmefltume hjpudsdm hamsunjm. Kurrjmt [dtlsidktlam Rjriarndmkj > Rjriarndmkj >
Rjriarndmkj Ujleft Munojr ai _jspam`jm
..............(<.4)
Kurrjmt [dtlsidktlam Rjriarndmkj Rjriarndmkj `l`dpdthdm `jmedm njmejtdful guncdf `drl Rjriarndmkj Ujleft Ujleft `dm Munojr ai _jspam`jm. Munojr ai _jspam`jm njrupdhdm mlcdl tlmehdt hjpudsdm pd`d pra`uh ydme `leumdhdm sddt lml.
LV-;
k. Eadc Eadc d`dcdf tdrejt mlcdl hjpudsdm ydme lmelm `lkdpdl umtuh pra`uh ydme `lhjnodmehdm. Eadc `dpdt Eadc `dpdt `luhur `jmedm shdcd 4 sdnpdl 0, (4 > sdmedt tl`dh njnudshdm), (? > tl`dh njnudshdm), (; > cjolf njnudshdm), (0 > sdmedt njnudshdm). `. Lnpravjnjmt _dtla Mlcdl lnpravjnjmt rdtla rdtla njmumguhdm sjojrdpd ojsdr pjrodlhdm dtdu pjmlmehdtdm ydme fdrus `lcdhuhdm `dcdn njmejnodmehdm pra`uh. Glhd fdslc 34> tl`dh d`d pjruodfdm, 4-4,: > pjrodlhdm sj`dme, =4,: > pjrodlhdm njmyjcuruf. j. [dcjs Ralmt [dcjs palmt d`dcdf palmt d`dcdf dtrlout ydme `ldmeedp njnlclhl mlcdl gudc ydme tlmeel tjrutdnd umtuh pjmgudcdm. Mlcdl sdcjs palmt tjr`lrl `drl, `drl, 4> tl`dh d`d sdcjs palmt 8 palmt 8 4,?> sdcjs palmt sj`dme palmt sj`dme 8 4,: > sdcjs palmt hudt. palmt hudt. i. _dw Ujleft `dm Ujleft `dm Marndclzj` _dw Ujleft Mlcdl rdw wjleft wjleft njmumguhdm sjojrdpd ojsdr pjrodlhdm umtuh pra`uh ydme fdrus `lcdhuhdm. `lcdhuhdm.
<.4.;
Odeldm FAT
Dmdclsls `dtd umtuh njmejtdful hjoutufdm pjcdmeedm njmeeumdhdm ndtrlh-ndtrlh pd`d rundf nutu (fausj ai qudclty). Fuoumedm dmtdr ndtrlh tjrsdgl pd`d Ednodr <.4.
Ednodr <.4 Odeldm ‛ Odeldm Odeldm FAT
LV-0
Ojr`dsdrhdm Ednodr <.4 `lhjtdful odeldm-odeldm FAT. Odeldm-odeldm tjrsjout `lgdodrhdm sjodedl ojrlhut ([urydmlmerdt `hh, ?242). 4. Hjoutufdm hamsunjm Rjrsydrdtdm pra`uh ydme `lhjfjm`dhl pjcdmeedm `ltjmtuhdm pjndmuidhtur pd`d tdfdp lml. ?. _jspam Pjhmls Ndtrlhs _jspam Pjhmls ojrlsl idhtar-idhtar rjspam tjhmls ydme ojrpjmedruf tjrfd`dp pjnoudtdm sudtu pra`uh. ;. Rcdmmlme Ndtrlhs (Ndtrlh Rjrjmkdmddm) Ojrlsl tlmehdt hjpjmtlmedm pra`uh odel hamsunjm , tlmehdt hjpudsdm hamsunjm tjrfd`dp sudtu pra`uh, tlmehdt hjpudsdm hamsunjm tjrfd`dp pjsdlme, pjsdlme, eadc, lnpravjnjmt rdtla, sdcjs palmt, rdw wjleft `dm marndclzj` rdw wjleft. 0. Ndtrlhs _jcdtlamsflp Ndtrlhs _jcdtlamsflp njrupdhdm fuoumedm dmtdrd rjspam tjhmls `jmedm hjoutufdm hamsunjm. :. Pjkfmlkdc Ndtrlx Ndtrlh lml njnojrlhdm ojojrdpd lmiarndsl sjodedl ojrlhut7 d. Kamtrloutlam (Hamtrlousl) Njmumguhhdm hjhudtdm rjspam tjhmls pd`d hjsjcurufdm hjpudsdm hamsunjm. Hamtrlousl njmjmtuhdm prlarltds rjspam pra`usjm tjrfd`dp rjspam
hamsunjm.
Marndclzj`
kamtrloutlam
`ltjmtuhdm
`jmedm
njmefltume hamtrlousl rjspam tjhmls hj l `dm tatdc hamtrlousl. Marndclzj` kamtrloutlam `lfltume `jmedm njnodel hamtrlousl rjspam tjhmls hj l `jmedm tatdc hamtrlousl. o. Ojmkfndrhlme (Rdtah @ued) Ojmkfndrhlme njrupdhdm kdrd umtuh njmejtdful tlmehdt rjspam tjhmls ydme `lcdhuhdm pjsdlme. k.
Pdrejttlme
LV-:
Pdrejttlme njrupdhdm tugudm ydme lmelm `lkdpdl pjrusdfddm umtuh `dpdt njnjmufl tlmehdt hjoutufdm hamsunjm `jmedm njmeeumdhdm rjspam tjhmls ydme `lnlclhl. Pdrejttlme njmeeumdhdm `dsdr mlcdl pd`d ojmkfndrhlme sudtu pra`uh `jmedm pjsdlme. Mlcdl tjrtlmeel njrupdhdm mlcdl ydme `leumdhdm sjodedl tdrejt.
<.?.
Fdslc `dm Rjnodfdsdm
Fdslc `dm pjnodfdsdm pd`d fausj ai qudclty tjr`lrl tjr`lrl dtds ndtrlhs fausj ai qudclty `dm dmdclsls fausj ai qudclty . Ojrlhut lml fdslc `dm pjnodfdsdm umtuh fausj ai qudclty .
<.?.4
Ndtrlhs Fausj ai Tudclty
Fausj ai qudclty njmumguhdm fuoumedm dmtdrd hjoutufdm pjcdmeedm `jmedm hdrdhtjrlstlh tjhmls. FAT `l`dpdthdm `drl saitwdrj TI@ `jslemjr :.2. :.2.
Ednodr <.? Ndtrlhs Fausj ai Tudclty
LV-9
<.?.?
Dmdclsls Fausj ai Tudclty
Hjoutufdm pjcdmeedm njrupdhdm sdcdf sdtu lmput `dcdn FAT. Hjoutufdm pjcdmeedm tjr`lrl dtds lmiarndsl njmejmdl hjlmelmdm dtdu hjoutufdm pjcdmeedm ojr`dsdrhdm `drl hujslamjr ydme sjojcunmyd tjcdf `lodelhdm hjpd`d pdrd rjspam`jm. Hjoutufdm pjcdmeedm umtuh pra`uh tjnpdt sjm`ah `dm edrpu nlclh RP [jcdmkdr tjr`lrl dtds `jsdlm pra`uh slnpjc, ndtjrldc tdfdm cdnd, tjr`dpdt iltur tdnodfdm sjrtd uhurdm pra`uh sj`dme. sj`dme. Hdrdhtjrlstlh tjhmls gued njrupdhdm sdcdf sdtu lmput umtuh FAT. Hdrdhtjrlstlh tjhmls njrupdhdm sdcdf sdtu updyd pjrusdfddm `dcdn pjnjmufdm hjoutufdm `jmedm kdrd njmjrgjndfhdm hjoutufdm pjcdmeedm hj `dcdn odfdsd tjhmls. Hdrdhtjrlstlh tjhmls umtuh pra`uh tjnpdt sjm`ah `dm edrpu nlclh RP [jcdmkdr tjr`lrl dtds ojrdt ndtjrldc, pdmgdme tjnpdt sjm`ah `dm edrpu, cjodr tjnpdt sjm`ah `dm edrpu, sjrtd tlmeel tjnpdt sjm`ah `dm edrpu. _aai dtds njmumguhhdm harjcdsl dmtdr hdrdhtjrlstlh tjhmls. @lhjtdful tjr`dpdt slnoac pasltli `jmedm oaoat mlcdl sjojsdr ; ydme njmumguhhdm fuoumedm dmtdrd ojrdt ndtjrldc `jmedm pdmgdme tjnpdt sjm`ah `dm edrpu. Fdc lml njmumguhhdm odfwd pjruodfdm ydme tjrgd`l pd`d ojrdt ndtjrldc `dpdt njnojrlhdm `dnpdh pasltli dtdu ojrodm`lme curus hjpd`d pdmgdme tjnpdt sjm`ah `dm edrpu mdnum tl`dh tjrcdcu hudt sjpjrtl pd`d slnoac strame pasltlvj ydme pasltlvj ydme njmumguhhdm fuoumedm ydme sdmedt pasltli. _aai sdnplme njmumguhhdm harjcdsl dmtdr hjoutufdm pjcdmeedm. @lhjtdful odfwd tjr`dpdt slnoac mjedtli `jmedm oaoat mlcdl sjojsdr -4 ydme njmumguhhdm fuoumedm dmtdrd `jsdlm slnpjc `jmedm iltur tdnodfdm ojrcdwdmdm. Fdc lml njmumguhhdm odfwd pjruodfdm ydme tjrgd`l pd`d `jsdlm ydme slnpjc dhdm njnojrlhdm `dnpdh mjedtli dtdu ojrcdwdmdm hjpd`d hjoutufdm pjcdmeedm ydltu iltur tdnodfdm. @lhjtdful tjr`dpdt pucd slnoac pasltli `jmedm oaoat mlcdl sjojsdr ; ydme njmumguhhdm fuoumedm dmtdrd `jsdlm slnpjc `jmedm uhurdm sj`dme. Fdc lml njmumguhhdm odfwd pjruodfdm
LV-5
ydme tjrgd`l pd`d hjoutufdm `jsdlm slnpjc `dpdt njnojrlhdm `dnpdh pasltli dtdu sjdrdf `jmedm hjoutufdm pjcdmeedm ydltu uhurdm sj`dme. Kustanjr lnpartdmkj lnpartdmkj njnlclhl shdcd hjpjmtlmedm 4 sdnpdl :. [hdcd 4 njmumguhhdm sdmedt tl`dh pjmtlme, shdcd ? njmumguhhdm tl`dh pjmtlme, shdcd ; njmumguhhdm oldsd sdgd (marndc), shdcd 0 njmumguhhdm pjmtlme `dm shdcd : njmumguhhdm sdmedt pjmtlme. Ojr`dsdrhdm kustanjr lnpartdmkj lnpartdmkj `l`dpdthdm hjoutufdm `jsdlm ydme slnpjc njnlclhl shdcd prlarltds 0.2, fdc lml njmumguhhdm odfwd `jsdlm ydme slnpjc ltu pjmtlme odel hamsunjm, sj`dmehdm hjoutufdm hamsunjm ydltu ndtjrldc ydme tdfdm cdnd njnlclhl shdcd prlarltds :.2. fdc lml njmumguhhdm odfwd ndtjrldc ydme tdfdm cdnd `ldmeedp sdmedt pjmtlme odel hamsunjm. @lrjktlam ai Lnpravjnjmt Lnpravjnjmt umtuh ojrdt ndtjrldc njmumguhhdm slnoac cdrejr tfj ojttjr . Fdc lml njmumguhhdm njmumguhhdm odfwd pra`uh lmavdsl glhd sjndhlm ojrdt ndtjrldc ydme `leumdhdm ndhd sjndhlm odlh `lhdrjmdhdm dpdolcd pra`uh tjnpdt sjm`ah `dm edrpu tjrsjout cjolf ojrdt ndhd `dpdt njmelnodmel ojrdt sjm`ah `dm edrpu ydme `ltdruf hj`dcdn pra`uh tjrsjout. Rdmgdme tjnpdt sjm`ah `dm edrpu njmumguhhdm slnoac marnlmdc tfj ojst ojst pd`d `lrjktlam ai lnpravjnjmt. lnpravjnjmt. Fdc lml njmumguhhdm odfwd pdmgdme tjnpdt sjm`ah `dm edrpu pra`uh lmavdsl su`df sjsudl `jmedm hjmydndmdm hamsunjm sjflmeed tl`dh pjrcu `lcdhuhdm pjruodfdm `dm ydme tjrdhflr ojr`dsdrhdm `lrjktlam ai lnpravjnjmt tlmeel lnpravjnjmt tlmeel tjnpdt sjm`ah `dm edrpu njmumguhhdm slnoac sndccjr tfj ojttjr . Fdc lml njmumguhhdm odfwd tlmeel tjnpdt sjm`ah `dm edrpu pra`uh lmavdsl cjolf odlh glhd uhurdm tlmeelmyd sjndhlm hjklc dedr hamsunjm `dpdt cjolf nu`df njmednolc sjm`ah `dm edrpu ydme `ltdruf `l `dcdn pra`uh tjrsjout. Karrjcdtlams ojtwjjm kustanjr rjqulrjnjmt dm` tjkfmlkdc rjqulrjnjmt njrupdhdm odeldm ydme njmumguhdm fuoumedm dmtdrd hjoutufdm pjcdmeedm `jmedm hdrdhtjrlstlh tjhmls. Pjr`dpdt slnoac ojrojmtuh sjeltled ydltu wjdh synoac `jmedm synoac `jmedm oaoat mlcdl 4 fdc lml njmumguhhdm dmtdrd hjoutufdm pjcdmeedm `jsdlm slnpjc `jmedm hdrdhtjrlstlh tjhmls pdmgdme tjnpdt sjm`ah `dm edrpu
LV-6
njnlclhl harjcdsl ydme cjndf. @lhjtdful tjr`dpdt gued slnoac clmehdrdm hasame ydltu nj`lun synoac `jmedm synoac `jmedm oaoat mlcdl ; fdc lml njmumguhhdm dmtdrd hjoutufdm pjcdmeedm iltur tdnodfdm `jmedm hdrdhtjrlstlh tjhmls pdmgdme tjnpdt sjm`ah `dm edrpu njnlclhl harjcdsl ydme kuhup hudt. [lnoac clmehdrdm `jmedm tltlh `ltjmedfmyd ydltu strame synoac synoac `jmedm oaoat mlcdl < njmumguhhdm fuoumedm dmtdrd ndtjrldc tdfdm cdnd njnlclhl harjcdsl ydme hudt `jmedm hdrdhtjrlstlh tjhmls ojrdt ndtjrldc. Kustanjr Dssjsnjmt Dssjsnjmt njmumguhhdm tlmehdt pjrodm`lmedm pra`uh lmavdsl `jmedm pra`uh pjsdlme ojr`dsdrhdm hjoutufdm pjcdmeedm. Kustanjr Dssjsnjmt njnlclhl Dssjsnjmt njnlclhl shdcd 4 sdnpdl `jmedm :. [hdcd 4 ojrdrtl sdmedt tl`dh odlh, shdcd ? njmumguhhdm tl`dh odlh, shdcd ; ojrdrtl kuhup odlh, shdcd 0 ojrdrtl odlh `dm shdcd : ojrdrtl sdmedt odlh. Ojr`dsdrhdm FAT `drl tjnpdt sjm`ah `dm edrpu `lhjtdful ojojrdpd fdc sjpjrtl ojrlhut lml. Pjnpdt sjm`ah `dm edrpu ydme njnlclhl `jsdlm slnpjc `l`dpdthdm mlcdl : umtuh pra`uh pjsdlme `dm 0 umtuh pra`uh lmavdsl. Fdc lml `lhdrjmdhdm `jsdlm ydme `loudt acjf RP [jcdmkdr njmedcdnl pjmdnodfdm iltur ojrupd sjhdt umtuh njnlsdfhdm dmtdrd sjm`ah `dm edrpu, ndhd `drl ltu `jsdlm lmavdsl njmgd`l tl`dh sjslnpjc `drl pra`uh pjsdlme. Pjnpdt sjm`ah `dm edrpu ydme njnpumydl ndtjrldc tdfdm cdnd `lpjracjf mlcdl : umtuh pra`uh lmavdsl `dm mlcdl ; umtuh pra`uh pjsdlme lml `lhdrjmdhdm ndtjrldc ydme `leumdhdm acjf RP [jcdmkdr njmedcdnl pjruodfdm `drl ndtjrldc hdyu trlpcjh njmgd`l hdyu gdtl ojcdm`d sjflmeed njm`dpdthdm `dyd tdfdm pra`uh ydme cjolf cdnd. RP [jcdmkdr njnlclhl mlcdl 0 sj`dmehdm pra`uh pjsdlme njnlclhl mlcdl ; umtuh hjoutufdm pjcdmeedm ydltu iltur tdnodfdm fdc lml `lhdrjmdhdm pra`uh RP [jcdmkdr njnlclhl iltur tdnodfdm sj`dmehdm sj`dmehdm pra`uh pjsdlme tl`dh. Pjnpdt sjm`ah `dm `dm edrpu ydme ydme njnlclhl uhurdm sj`dme `l`dpdthdm mlcdl 0 odlh umtuh RP [jcdmkdr ndupum pra`uh pjsdlme, fdc lml `lhdrjmdhdm uhurdm hj`udmyd tl`dh ojroj`d gduf sjflmeed sdnd-sdnd ojrmlcdl 0. Faw nukf njrupdhdm nukf njrupdhdm odeldm ydme njmgjcdshdm cjolf `jtdlc njmejmdl hdrdhtjrlstlh tjhmls pra`uh lmavdsl. Faw nukf nukf pd`d ojrdt ndtjrldc pra`uh
LV-<
lmavdsl sjojsdr ?:2 erdn, sj`dmehdm pdmgdme pd`d tjnpdt sjm`ah `dm edrpu pra`uh lmavdsl sjojsdr 44 kn., cjodr tjnpdt sjm`ah `dm edrpu pra`uh lmavdsl sjojsdr < kn `dm tlmeel tjnpdt sjm`ah s jm`ah `dm edrpu sjojsdr 4:,: kn. Aredmlzdtlamdc `liilkuct `liilkuct njrupdhdm odeldm ydme njmumguhdm tlmehdt hjsucltdm pjrusdfddm `dcdn njwugu`hdm sjtldp hdrdhtjrlstlh tjhmls ydme d`d. njnlclhl shdcd 4 flmeed :. [hdcd 4 njmumguhhdm sdmedt nu`df, shdcd ? njmumguhhdm kuhup nu`df, shdcd ; njmumguhhdm oldsd sdgd dtdu marndc, shdcd 0 njmumguhhdm suclt `dm shdcd : njmumguhhdm sdmedt suclt. Aredmlzdtlamdc `liilkuct `liilkuct njmumguhhdm tlmehdt hjsucltdm pjrusdfddm `dcdn njwugu`hdm hdrdhtjrlstlh pra`uh. Ojrdt ndtjrldc tjnpdt sjm`ah njnlclhl aredmlzdtlamdc `lillkuct `lillkuct ojrmlcdl ?. Fdc lml njmumguhhdm pjrusdfddm kuhup nu`df umtuh njmelnpcjnjmtdslhdm hdrdhtjrlstlh tjhmls ojrdt ndtjrldc. Plmeel tjnpdt sjm`ah `dm edrpu njnlclhl aredmlzdtlamdc `liilkuct ojrmlcdl `liilkuct ojrmlcdl 4, fdc lml njmumguhdm umtuh njwugu`hdm pjruodfdm tlmeel tjnpdt sjm`ah `dm edrpu sdmedt nu`df. Pjkfmlkdc Dssjsnjmt Dssjsnjmt njmumguhhdm tlmehdt pjrodm`lmedm pra`uh lmavdsl `jmedm pra`uh pjsdlme ojr`dsdrhdm hdrdhtjrlstlh tjhmls. Pjkfmlkdc Dssjsnjmt njnlclhl Dssjsnjmt njnlclhl shdcd 4 sdnpdl `jmedm :. [hdcd 4 ojrdrtl sdmedt tl`dh odlh, shdcd ? njmumguhhdm tl`dh odlh, shdcd ; ojrdrtl kuhup odlh, shdcd 0 ojrdrtl odlh `dm shdcd : ojrdrtl sdmedt odlh. @lhjtdful umtuh hdrdhtjrlstlh tjhmls ojrdt ndtjrldc, pra`uh lmavdsl nlclh RP [jcdmkdr ojrmlcdl 0 sj`dmehdm pra`uh pjsdlme nlclh Z@ Cjstdrl ojrmlcdl ;, fdc lml `lhdrjmdhdm pra`uh lmavdsl cjolf ojrdt `lodm`lmehdm pra`uh pjsdlme sjflmeed cjolf odlh. Hdrdhtjrlstlh tjhmls ydme tjr`lrl dtds pdmgdme tjnpdt sjm`ah `dm edrpu, cjodr tjnpdt sjm`ah `dm edrpu `dm tlmeel tjnpdt sjm`ah `dm edrpu ndslme-ndslme njnlclhl mlcdl 0 odlh umtuh pra`uh lmavdsl ndupum umtuh pra`uh pjsdlme fdc lml `lhdrjmdhdm hj`udmyd njnlclhl uhurdm ydme tl`dh tjrcdcu gduf ojroj`d sjflmeed sdnd sdnd njnlclhl mlcdl 0. Ujleftj` lnpartdmkj lnpartdmkj njrupdhdm njrupdhdm odeldm odeldm ydme njmumguhhd njmumguhhdm m prlarltds `drl ndslme-ndslme hdrdhtjrlstlh tjhmls. Ujleftj` lnpartdmkj `l`dpdthdm `drl
LV-42
guncdf fdslc pjrhdcldm mlcdl `drl karrjcdtlams ojtwjjm kustanjr rjqulrjnjmt dm` tjkfmlkdc rjqulrjnjmt rjqulrjnjmt `jmedm `jmedm kustanjr lnpartdmkj. lnpartdmkj. Ojr`dsdrhdm wjleftj` lnpartdmkj `l`dpdthdm lnpartdmkj `l`dpdthdm mlcdl 445 umtuh hdrdhtjrlstlh tjhmls ojrdt ndtjrldc `dm :? umtuh hdrdhtjrlstlh tjhmls pdmgdme, cjodr sjrtd tlmeel tjnpdt sjm`ah `dm edrpu. Fdc lml njmumguhhdm hdrdhtjrlstlh tjhmls ojrdt ndtjrldc njnlclhl prlarltds cjolf tlmeel
umtuh `lwugu`hdm `lwugu`hdm acjf pjrusdfddm `lodm`lmehdm `lodm`lmehdm
hdrdhtjrlstlh tjhmls ydme cdlmmyd. _jcdtlvj lnpartdmkj njnlclhl mlcdl ydme sdnd `jmedm wjleftj` lnpartdmkj lnpartdmkj mdnum pd`d rjcdtlvj lnpartdmkj mlcdl tjrsjout `ltdnplchdm `dcdn `lderdn odtdme.
