Processing of Bopp Film

PROCESSING OF BOPP FILM

SZINTRCO.

INTRODUCTION to the P R O D U C T I O N

O F

B O P P

F I L M

BRUKNER–MASCHINENBAU GERNOT BRUKNER GшbH & Co. KG, D–!!"

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CONTENTS

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S--)' o(

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BOPP F#1- P'o/t%

2+

PP R)3 M)te'#)1% M)te'#)1%

4+

A#t#5e%

6+

Ch)'$#0$ o( G')01)te%

7+

E8t'%#o0 U0#t

"+

F#1- C)%t#0$ M)/h#0e

+

M)/h#0e D#'e/t#o0 O'#e0te' – MDO

9+

T')0%5e'%e D#'e/t#o0 O'#e0te' – TDO TDO

*: +

P11 Ro11 St)0

** +

Th#/;0e%% G)$e

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The Co'o0) T'e)t-e0t St)t#o0%

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the

SZINTRCO

BOPP P'o/t#o0 P1)0t

<#0e' St)t#o0

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S--)' o( the the BOPP PRODUCTION PLANT The BRUCKNER BOPP =1)0t %e'5e to ='o/e b#)8#)11 o'#e0te (1)t (#1- #0 ) t3o–%t)$e ='o/e%% . B#)8#)11 o'#e0te -e)0% th)t the (#1- #% %t'et/he #0 t3o -)#0 #'e/t#o0% . The%e t3o -)#0 #'e/t#o0% )'e )+ b+

the -)/h#0e #'e/t#o0, )bb'e5#)te MD, )0 the t')0%5e'%e #'e/t#o0, /)11e TD .

St'et/h#0$ #0 the t3o–%t)$e ='o/e%% -e)0% th)t the (#1- #% %t'et/he #0 1o0$#t#0)1 #'e/t#o0 >MD+ #0 the (#'%t %t)$e )0 #0 t')0%5e'%e #'e/t#o0 > TD+ #0 the %e/o0 %t)$e . The BOPP ='o/t#o0 =1)0t /o-='#%e% the (o11o3#0$ %e5e0 -)#0 0#t% ? – – – – – – –

')3 -)te'#)1 (ee#0$ )0 t')0%=o't e8t'%#o0 0#t (#1- /)%t#0$ 0#t 1o0$#t#0)1 o'#e0t#0$ -)/h#0e t')0%5e'%e o'#e0t#0$ -)/h#0e =11 'o11 %t)0 3#0e' .

A %'5e o( the /o-=1ete =1)0t #% $#5e0 $#5e0 #0 the Ge0e')1 A%%e-b1 A%%e-b1 P1)0 , )tt)/he )t the e0 o( th#% /h)=te' . The ')3 -)te'#)1 t')0%=o't to the -)#0 e8t'e' %t)'t% ('o- the ')3 -)te'#)1 (ee#0$ ho==e' 5#) the =0e-)t#/ /o05eo' to the #0te'-e#)te %#1o . F'o- the #0#5#)1 %to')$e %#1o% the $')01)te #% b1o30 to the #0te'-e#)te %#1o. F'o- the #0te'-e#)te %#1o% #t ='o/ee% 5#) ) o%#0$ 0#t, 3he'e )#t#5e% )0 'e$')01)te% /)0 be )e, to the //1o0e . F'o- the //1o0e the ')3 -)te'#)1 )0 the /t e$e t'#- 3)%te ()11 #0 to the -#8#0$ ho==e' . I0 the -#8#0$ ho==e' the $')01)te )0 the /t e$e t'#- 3)%te #% -#8e -#8e ho-o$e0eo%1 to be )b1e to ='o/e%% .

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#t #0 the -)#0 e8t'e' . The ')3 -)te'#)1 t')0%=o't t')0%=o't to to the /o e8t'e' >%+ #% e((e/te e((e/te #'e/t1 #'e/t1 ('o- the -#8#0$ 0#t to the ho==e' o0 to= o( the e8t'e' .

The e8t'%#o0 0#t #0/1e% the -)#0 e8t'%#o0 %%te-, the /o e8t'e' >%+ , the (#1te'% (o' the -e1t %t'e)- )0 the #e . The -e1t %t'e)- ('o- the -)#0 e8t'%#o0 %%te- =)%%e%, /o00e/te b ))=te' =#e/e%, th'o$h the the (#1te' to the #e.

It #% the ='=o%e o( the (#1- /)%t#0$ -)/h#0e to ')3 the -e1t ('o- the #e )0 to %t)b#1#@e the -e1t b /oo1#0$ #t o30. Th#% #% -)e b -e)0% o( ) b#$ /oo1#0$ 'o11, /)11e  /h#11 'o11 . I0 o'e' to )==1 the -e1t =e'(e/t1, =e'(e/t1, the %o–/)11e )#' ;0#(e 3#th )#' =#=e #% %e. The -e1t -%t be /oo1e -o%t 0#(o'-1 o0 both %#e%. The'e(o'e the (#1- o0 the /h#11 'o11 #% =)%%#0$ th'o$h ) 3)te' b)th. The he)t#0$ )0 /oo1#0$ 0#t% 'e#'e )'e 1o/)te 0e)' to the /)%t#0$ 0#t.

The 0o3 )5)#1)b1e /)%t (#1- #% /o05ee ('o- he'e to the MDO.

The 1o0$#t#0)1 o'#e0t#0$ -)/h#0e #% )bb'e5#)te MDO %t)0#0$ (o' -)/h#0e #'e/t#o0 o'#e0te'. The MDO %e'5e% to %t'et/h the %o ()' 0o0%t'et/he (#1- #0 1o0$#t#0)1 #'e/t#o0, #.e. to o'#e0t #t #0 -)/h#0e #'e/t#o0. The MDO /o0%#%t% o( the ='ehe)t#0$ 'o11%, the %t'et/h#0$ 'o11%, )0 the )00e)1#0$ 'o11%.

At the e0 o( the MDO )0 )8#1#)' 3#0e' #%

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#0%t)11e. The '#5e 0#t #% 0e8t to the -)/h#0e #0 ) %he1te'e )'e) . A1%o the 0e/e%%)' he)t#0$ )0 /oo1#0$ 0#t% (o' the MDO )'e 1o/)te #0 ) %e=)')te )'e).

The t')0%5e'%e o'#e0t#0$ -)/h#0e #% )bb'e5#)te TDO%t)0#0$ Fo' t')0%5e'%e #'e/t#o0. The'e the (#1- #% t')0%=o'te th'o$h )0 o5e0 b the %o/)11e /1#=%. At the e0 o( th#% o5e0 /oo1#0$ b1o3e'% )'e #0%t)11e to /oo1 o30 the hot (#1-. O0 to= o( the TDO )0 e8h)%t %%te- #% #0%t)11e to e1#-#0)te 5)=o'%, o'#$#0)t#0$ ('o- )#t#5e%, ('o- the o5e0.

It #% the ='=o%e o( the =11 'o11 %t)0 to =11 o(( the b#)8#)11 o'#e0t e (#1- ('o- the TDO )0 to t')0%=o't #t to the 3#0e'. A%%e-b1e 3#th the =11 'o11 %t)0 )'e the e$e t'#- 0#t, the th#/; 0e%% $)$e )0 the /o'o0) t'e)t-e0t %t)t#o0%.

The (0/t#o0 o( the 3#0e' – ) t3o–%t)t#o0 t''et 3#0e' 3#th )to-)t#/ (#1- /tt#0$ 0#t – #% to 3#0 = the (#0)1 (#1- #0to %o–/)11e -bo 'o11% .

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SZINTRCO

BOPP F#1- P'o/t% The )bb'e5#)t#o0 BOPP %t)0% (o' b#)8#)11 o'#e0te =o1='o =1e0e . B %t'et/h#0$ the (#1- #.e. b o'#e0t#0$ the -)/'o-o1e/1e% o( the =o1='o=1e0e, #t% ='o=e't#e% )'e )1te'e )% (o11o3% ? – -e/h)0#/)1 ='o=e't#e% – e1)%t#/#t – te)' ='o=)$)t#o0 %t'e0$th – h)@e – $1o%% – $)% )0 5)=o' =e'-e)b#1#t

     

    –   

E8=1)0)t#o0 ?    –

J 5)1e #0/'e)%#0$ J 5)1e e/'e)%#0$ J ='o=e't #-='o5e J ='o=e't #-=)#'e.

F#e1 o( A==1#/)t#o0 (o' BOPP F#1- : – (oo %t(( : 0oo1e%, %0)/;%, %3eet%, 0t%, /hee%e, )0#-)1%(ee%, /o((ee, te), '#e (oo, ('#t%, 5e$et)b1e% – 0o0–(oo )'t#/1e% : tob)//o, /#$)'ette%, 'e/o'%, /)%%ette%, te8t#1e% –

te/h0#/)1 (#e1 : t)=e%, /)=)/#to' (#1- > %=e/#)1 t=e o( -)/h#0e 0e/e%%)'+

I0 o'e' to /o5e' the )==1#/)t#o0 )bo5e t3o #((e'e0t t=e% o( F#1- )'e ='o/e : – –

=1)#0 (#1/o–e8t'e' (#1-

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S#0/e BOPP =1)#0 (#1- #% 0ot %e)1)b1e, ) %e)1#0$ 1)e' – (o' #0%t)0/e PDC, PAN – -%t be )tt)/he to the =1)#0 (#1-. Th#% /)0 be -)e e#the' b 1)-#0)t#0$ ) %e)1#0$ 1)e' o0 to the =1)#0 (#1- o' '#0$ ='o/t#o0, the0 #t #% /)11e /oe8t'%#o0. Fo' /oe8t'%#o0 )% %b%t')te ) PP ho-o=o1-e' )0 )% %e)1#0$ 1)e' 0o'-)11 ) PP /o=o1-e' #% %e. The th#/;0e%% o( e)/h %e)1#0$ 1)e' #% )%te to :. = to *.! - #0 the (#0)1 (#1-. S#0/e the =o#0t o( the %e)1#0$ 1)e' #% )13)% 1o3e' th)0 th)t o( the ho-o =o1-e', the (#1- e$e% -%t be ;e=t 3#thot %e)1#0$ 1)e' #0 o'e' to ='e5e0t %t#/;#0$ o( the /1#=% #0 the o5e0 )0 to e0%'e th)t the 'e//1e e$e t'#- /o0%#%t% o( ho-o=o1-e' o01.

E8t'e ='#-)' (#1- ='o(#1e 3#th e$e%

A% )1'e) -e0t#o0e )bo5e, BOPP =1)#0 (#1- #% 0ot %e)1)b1e. The 'e)%o0 #% th)t the te-=e')t'e 'e#'e (o' %e)1#0$ 3o1 /)%e /o0%#e')b1e %h'#0 ;#0$ o( the (#1- #0 the )'e) o( the %e)1#0$ %e)-. The o//''#0$ %h'#0;)$e %t'e0$th )t th)t -o-e0t #% b#$$e' th)0 the ='e5)#1#0$ hot %e)1#0$ %e)- %t'e0$th >hot t)/;+ The'e(o'e #0 ='#0/#=1e, BOPP (#1- -%t )13)% be -)e hot – sealable by applying a sealing layer

.

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I0 th#% /)%e, the -e1t#0$ =o#0t o( the %e)1#0$ 1)e' -%t )13)% be )t 1e)%t 2:.C 1o3e' )0 th% -%t h)5e ) 1o3e' %e)1#0$ te-=e')t'e th)0 the PP ho-o=o1-e' . The )==1#e %e)1#0$ 1)e'% /)0 be o( )#t#o0)1 )5)0t)$e, e%=e/#)11 b I0/'e)%#0$ the b)''#e' ='o=e't#e% >PDC – /o)t#0$ +.

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PP R ) 3 M ) t e ' # ) 1 % Fo' the ='o/t#o0 o( BOPP (#1- t3o ')3 -)te'#)1% )'e )5)#1)b1e : )+

PP ho-o=o1-e' ')3 -)te'#)1 )% – =1)#0 (#1- (o' t)=e )==1#/)t#o0 )% 3e11 )% (o' ='#0t#0$ )0 /o)t#0$ – %b%t')te o( the /o–e8t'e 2 – 1)e' (#1-

b+

PP /o=o1-e' )% ')3 -)te'#)1 (o' the – %'()/e 1)e' o( the /o–e8t'e 2 – 1)e' (#1-.

The #0#t#)1 PP %t)0 (o' =o1='o=1e0e, ) =)'t1 /'%t)11#0e =o1-e' be#0$ ='o/e b =o1-e'#@)t#o0 o( ='o=1e0e -o0o-e'% #0 to ='o= 1e0e =o1-e'%, #.e. =o1='o=1e0e. A% ) 'e%1t /h)#0 %h)=e -o1e/1e% o'#$#0)te.

the -o1e/1)' 3e#$ht the -o1e/1)' 3e#$ht #%t'#bt#o0 the t)/t#/ ='o=e't#e% the /o=o1-e'#@)t#o0 .

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PP Homopolymer

The -o%t /%to-)' -etho o( ='o/#0$ PP #% %%=e0%#o0 =o1-e'#@)t#o0 #0 ) %o15e0t > S1'' ='o/e%% +

'e)/to' P'o=1e0e

He8)0e

 – –  – –



ot=t

– –



– –



H'o$e0

– –

C)t)1%t

– –

-#8#0$

– – 

/)t)1%t

 *: -#0te%

 – –  – – 

– – <)%h#0$ ot the /)t)1%t '#0$ o( %o15e0t



– –

PP =o3e' – –  ) )#t#5e% – –  $')01)t#0$ – –  PP $')01)te. =========

The (o11o3#0$ 'e)/t#o0 )$e0t% )'e =t #0to the 'e)/to' : – P'o=1e0e )% -o0o-e' to )/h#e5e =o1-e'#@)t#o0

– he8)0e )% %o15e0t. The h'o$e0 =o't#o0 #% 'e%=o0%#b1e (o' the -e#-o1e/1)' 3e#$ht. #.e. the )5e')$e 0-be' o( ='o=1e0e b'#/;% =e' =o1='o=1e0e /h)#0 >0 #0 the )(o'e-e0t#o0e ')t#o0)1 (o'-1)+. The -o1e/1)' 3e#$ht ete'-#0e% the ='o/e%%#0$ ='o=e' t#e% #0 the -e1t#0$ %t)$e. <#th )0 #0/'e)%#0$ ')te o( the -o1e/1)' 3e#$ht the -e1t 5#%/o%#t )t e)/h %=e/#(#/ te-

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=e')t'e #% '#%#0$.

B th#%, )b#1#t o( =o1-e' to (1o3 th'o$h ) #e #% )((e/te O0 the othe' h)0, the /)=)b#1#t o( the -e1t to -)#0t)#0 #t% ('o- 3he0 1e)5#0$ the e8t'e' #e #% #-='o5e b #0/'e)% #0$ -o1e/1)' 3e#$ht.

I0ee, %)11 the -o1e/1)' 3e#$ht #% 0ot #0#/)te o0 the =o1='o=1e0e ='o/t% o((e'e o0 the -)';et. The =o1-e' )'e -)';e b the#' -e1t (1o3 #0e8, )bb'#5#)t e MFI.

Th#% ='o=e't, $#5#0$ )0 #0#/)t#o0 to the (1o3 =e'(o'-)0/e o( the =o1-e' -e1t, #% 'e1)te to the -o1e/1)' 3e#$ht. The -e1t #0e8 #% o( 'e/#='o/)1 ='o=o't#o0 to the -o1e/1)' 3e#$ht )0 the'e(o'e )1%o to the 5#%/o%#t . Po1-e' o( ) h#$h -e1t #0e8 (1o3% e)%#1 )0 #0 $e0e')1 #% e)%#e' to be ='o/e%%e. The -etho o( -e)%'#0$ the MFI #% (o' #0%t)0/e e%/'#be #0 the ASTM–St)0)' D *!2.

The 0-e'#/)1 5)1e o( the MFI e=e0% o0 the t)%te /o0#t #o0%. Po1='o=1e0e $')01)te #% 0o'-)11 te%te )t !2:.C 3#th ) te%t#0$ 3e#$ht o( !.*7 ;$. Fo' the BOPP ='o/t#o0 ='o/e%% ) MFI o( ! – 4 $  -#0 o( the PP ho-o=o1-e' h)% to be /ho%e0.

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SZINTRCO

The C)t)1%t ete'-#0e% the -o1e/1)' 3e#$ht #%t'#bt#o0, #.e. )% to ho3 t#$ht o' 3#e the -o1e/1)' 3e#$ht %='e)% )'o0 the -e)0 5)1e. The /)t)1%t )1%o #% o( #0(1e0/e o0 the t)/t#/ ='o=e't#e% o( the PP. The t)/t#/#t #% the %te'eo%=e/#(#/ )'')0$e-e0t o( the -th1 $'o=% >CH2+ #0 the -)/'o -o1e/1e. B 1#0;#0$ o( ='o=1e0e -o1e/1e% '#0$ =o1-e'#@)t#o0 th'ee b)%#/ (o'-% o( /h)#0 %t'/t'e )'e =%%#b1e? – – –

the )–t)/t#/)1 the #%o–t)/t#/)1 the %0#o–t)/t#/)1 %%te-.

P)$e

*!


SZINTRCO

Fo' e)%#e' e-o0%t')t#o0 the%e th'ee b)%#/ (o'-%, ) – t)/t#/)1, #%o–t)/t#/)1, )0 %0#o–t)/t#/)1 )'e %ho30 o=t#/)11 (1)t .

A/t)11, the%e -o1e/1e% )'e 0ot #0 ) =1)#0 ? the #%o – t)/t#/)11 )0 %0#o – t)/t#/)11 St'/t'e -o1e/1e% (o'- ) 'e$1)' %=#')1, 3h#1e the )–t)/t#/)1 $'o= #% )'')0$e /o-=1ete1 I''e$1)'.

S#0/e the -eth1 >CH 2+ $'o=% o( the ) – t)/t#/)1 /h)#0 )'e #0 0o 'e$1)' %=)/e )'')0$e-e0t, /'%t)11#@)t#o0 % 0ot =o%%#b1e.

De to the ()/t th)t #0 /)%e o( #%ot)/t#/)1 =o1='o=1e0e )11 -eth1 $'o=% )'e =1)/e o0 o0e S#e o( the /h)#0 %=#0e, )0 %b%ee0t1 ('o- ) he1#/)1 1#0e, #t #% =o%%#b1e th)t #%ot)/t#/)1 =o1='o=1e0e %o1##(#e% #0to ) 'e1)t#5e1 h)' )0 %t#(( -)te'#)1.
I0 ) %#-#1)' 3) )1%o the )1te'0)t#0$ )'')0$e-e0t o( -eth1 $'o=% o( %0#o–t)/t#/)1 =o1='o=1e0e #0 to 'e$1)'1 )'')0$e /h)#0 -o1e/1e% /)%e% /'%t)11#@)t#o0.

D'#0$ the te/h0#/)11 1)'$e %/)1e =o1-e'#@)t#o0 o( ='o=1e0e )==1#e, )11 the'e (o'-% )'e b#1t .

The'e(o'e, the ='o=e't#e% o( =o1='o=1e0e )'e -)#01 ete'-#0e b the ')t#o o( )-o'=ho% )0 /'%t)11#0e =o1-e'%.

A/t)11 th#% 'e(e'% to the ')t#o o( )– t)/t#/)1 )'e)% be/)%e the %0#o–t)/t#/)1 =o1-e' #% (o'-e o01 #0 0e$1#$#b1 %-)11 )0t#t#e%.

Fo' BOPP the #%o–t)/t#/)1 =o't#o0 -%t be 96 – 9" , the'e(o'e the )–t)/t#/)1 =o't#o0 M%t be 2 – 6 .

The )–t)/t#/)1 =o't#o0 #% )/t#0$ )% )0 #0%#e 1b'#/)0t )0 ()/#1#t)te% o'#e0t#0$. A1%o, the o=t#/)1 ='o=e't#e% )'e #-='o5e b the )–t)/t#/)1 =o't#o0, 3h#1e the -e/h)0#/)1 ='o=e't#e% )'e )((e/te.

The #%o–t)/t#/)1 =o't#o0 #0(1e0/e% /o0%#e')b1 the /'%t)11#0#t. F'the' /'%t)11#0#t #% )1%o %t'o0$1 )((e/te b the /oo1#0$ ')te o( the -e1t.

P)$e

*2


SZINTRCO

The /'%t)11#0#t #% 'e(1e/te #0 the e0%#t o( the =o1='o=1e0e. The 0o'-)1 =o't#o0 o( /'%t)11#0#t #% 7: – ":  . I0 th#% /)%e the e0%#t #% :.9: – :.9* $ /-  J 9:: – 9*: ;$  - .

The -e1t#0$ =o#0t o( ) PP ho-o=o1-e' #% *76 – *"6  /.

A(te' =o1-e'#@)t#o0, t);#0$ )=='o8. *: -#0te%, the =o1='o=1e0e #% #%/h)'$e. The /o-=1ete ='o/e%% #% /o0t#0o%.

A(te' #%/h)'$e the 'e-)#0#0$ /)t)1%t e=o%#t% )'e 3)%he ot )0 the %o15e0t #% e5)=o')te. The 'e%1t #% ) PP =o3e'.

The0 ='o/e%%#0$ )#t#5e% )'e -#8e to the PP =o3e', %/h )% – )0t#–o8#)t#o0 )$e0t% – the'-o–%t)b#1#@e'% – /)1/#- %te)')t.

It #% the ='=o%e o( the )0t#–o8#)0t )$e0t )0 o( the the'-o–%t)b#1#@e'% to ='e5e0t the e$'))t#o0 o( -o1e/1e% '#0$ ('the' ='o/e%%#0$.

C)1/#- %te)')t %e'5e% to 0et')1#@e 0o0– 3)%he ot /)t)1%t e=o%#t%.

C)t)1%t e=o%#t% /o0%#%t o( /h1o'#0e /o-=o0% 3h#/h 3o1, (o' e8)-=1e, )((e/t the 'o11 %'()/e >e%=e/#)11 o( the /h#11 'o11+.

C)1/#- %te)')t #% )1%o )/t#0$ )% %1#= )$e0t.

The%e )#t#5e% )'e )b%o1te1 0e/e%%)' (o' the 0e8t ='o/e%%#0$ %t)$e% )0 the )'e /o0t)#0e #0 )0 PP $')01)te.

The PP $')01)te #% ='o/e ('o- PP =o3e' -#8e 3#th the )#t#5e% 5#) the G')01)t#o0 e8t'e'.

P)$e

*4


SZINTRCO

PP Copolymer

PEP+ %ho1 be )% h#$h )% =o%%#b1e. The eth1e0e =o't#o0 ete'-#0e% the -e1t#0$ =o#0t o( the /o=o1-e', #.e. the h#$he' the eth1e0e =o't#o0, #% the -e1t#0$ =o#0t. The #%)5)0t)$e o( ) too h#$h eth1e0e =o't#o0, ho3e5e', #% the #0/'e)%#0$ h)@e /)%e b the eth1e0e. The -e1t#0$ =o#0t o( ) RANDOM /o=o1-e' #%, e=e0#0$ o0 #t% eth1e0e /o0te0t, be1o3 *2 Q/. The 1o3e' the -e1t#0$ =o#0t o( the /o=o1-e', the 1o3e' the %e)1#0$ te-=e')t'e. B e/'e)%#0$ the 0o-#0)1 %e)1#0$ te-=e')t'e the //1et#-e o( the =)/;)$#0$ -)/h#0e /)0 be %ho'te0e )0 )t the %)-e t#-e %e)1#0$ ')0$e /)0 be #0/'e)%e. I0 o'e' to 'e/e the -)1t#0$ =o#0t, (o' e8)-=1e te'=o1-e'% h)5e bee0 e5e1o=e. The%e te'=o1-e'% h)5e 2 b'#/;%?   

='o=1e0e >C 2+ eth1e0e >C!+ , )0 )1%o bt)0e >C4+ o' he8)0e >C 7+

P)$e

*6


SZINTRCO

No'-)11 the MFI o( ) RANDOM /o=o1-e' #% )=='o8.

– " $  -#0.

4

The'e )'e )1%o PP /o=o1-e'% -#8e 3#th 1o3–%e)1#0$ )#t#5e% to 'e/e the %e)1#0$ te-=e')t'e )5)#1)b1e.

P)$e

*7

PROCESSING OF BOPP FILM 4+

SZINTRCO

A#t#5e%

No'-)11 )#t#5e% )'e %e to #-='o5e the ='o=e't#e% o( ) ')3 -)te'#)1 3#th 'e(e'e0/e to the (#0)1 ='o/t.

The )#t#5e% )'e )==1#e #0 (o'- o( ) -)%te' b)t/h. The -)%te' b)t/h #% ) PP $')01)te 3#th ) h#$h /o0te0t o( e((#/#e0t )#t#5e%. S#0/e ='e )#t#5e% %)11 )'e 1##, =)%t o' =o3e' , the /)00ot be #0%t)0t1 -#8e 3#th the PP $')01)te. O01 )#t#5e% #0 (o'- o( ) -)%te' b)t/h $)')0tee ) ho-o$e0o% #%t'#bt#o0 #0 the $')01)te )0 %b%ee0t1 #0 the (#1-. The -)%te' b)t/h )'e )e to the PP 5#) o%#0$ 0#t%.

I0 /o00e/t#o0 3#th the )==1#/)t#o0 o( )#t#5e% #t -%t be /o0%#e'e th)t the )'e =h%#o1o$#/)11 0o0-h)@)'o% . The -)8#-- /o0/e0t')t#o0 (o' %e #0 the (oo =)/;)$#0$ #0%t' #% 1#-#te )0 %be/t to the 1o/)1 1)3% o( e)/h #0#5#)1 /o0t'. Fo' BOPP )==1#/)t#o0 th'ee #((e'e0t )#t#5e% )'e %e? – – –

%1#= )$e0t% )0t# – %t)t#/% )$e0t% )0t# – b1o/;#0$ )$e0t%.

Do%#0$ )0 ot=t o( the -)%te' b)t/h 'e%=e/t#5e1 )'e /)1/1)te )//o'#0$ to the (o11o3#0$ (o'-1) ? C e ( ( DMB J  *:: . CMB

MP P

.

DMB

MP P

P)$e

.

*"

Ce (

(

MMB

J

 J 

*::

*:::

.

CM B


SZINTRCO

DMB

J

o%#0$ o( -)%te' b)t/h to PP

> +

Ce ( (

J

)$e0t% /o0/e0t')t#o0 #0 the (#1- > == ш +

CMB

J

)$e0t% /o0/e0t')t#o0 #0 the -)%te' b)t/h

MP P

J

0et ot=t o( e8t'e' o' =1)0t > ;$  h + =1e)%e, %ee )1%o /h)=te' *2

MMB

J

ot=t o( -)%te' b)t/h )t o%#0$ 0#t > ;$  h +

P)$e

*

> +


SZINTRCO

Slip Agents

B)%#/)11, %1#= )$e0t% )'e )==1#e #0 o'e' to obt)#0 ) %-ooth – %1#==#0$ (#1- %'()/e e((e/t#0$ ) 1o3 /oe((#/#e0t o( ('#/t#o0. Be%#e%, the %1#= )$e0t #% )0 e((e/t#5e ='o/e%%#0$ )#, #.e. the e8t'e' ot=t /)=)/#t #% #-='o5e 3h#1e the e8t'e' =o3e' #0=t e/'e)%e%. The /oe((#/#e0t o( ('#/t#o0, (o' #0%t)0/e, /)0 be te%te b -etho% )//o'#0$ to the DINSt)0)' 622"6 o' the ASTMSt)0)' D *94. A% )/t#5e )$e0t E'/)-#e #% %e. Fo' =1)#0 (#1- – e=e0#0$ o0 the )==1#/)t#o0 o( the (#1- – e=e0#0$ o0 the )==1#/)t#o0 o( the (#1- – )0 e((e/t#5e )$e0t. /o0/e0t')t#o0 Ce(( o( the %1#= )$e0t o( )=='o8. !6: – "6: ==- #% %e. Fo' /oe8t'e (#1- the o%#0$ o( the %1#= )$e0t (o' the PP ho-o=o1-e' #% )=='o8. *::: ==- (o' the == /o=o1-e'. S#0/e the %1#= )$e0t /)0 be e((e/t#5e o01 o0 the (#1- %'()/e, ) /e't)#0 -#$')t#o0 t#-e (o' the )$e0t -%t e1)=%e #0 o'e' to (11 t#1#@e #t% tot)1 e((e/t. The'e(o'e ) (#1- %to')$e t#-e o( * – ! 3ee; #% 0e/e%%)'. The -#$')t#o0 o( the %1#= )$e0t% -)#01 e=e0 % o0 the te-=e')t'e. H#$he' te-=e')t'e%. %=ee = the -#$')t#o0. A1%o, the te%t% o( – – –

/oe((#/#e0t o( ('#/t#o0, o=t#/)1 ='o=e't#e%, %e)1#0$ ='o=e't#e%

%ho1 be 'e=e)te )(te' %to')$e t#-e, %#0/e the /)0 /o0%#e')b1 /h)0$e b the e8#%te0/e o( %1#= )$e0t% o0 the (#1- %'()/e.

P)$e

*9


SZINTRCO

B )#0$ %1#= )$e0t% the (#1- ='o=e't#e% )'e /h)0$e )% (o11o3%? – – – – – – – –

te0%#1e %t'e0$th e1o0$)t#o0 h)@e $1o%% %e)1#0$ %e)- %t'e0$th -#0. %e)1#0$ te-=e')t'e ='#0t)b#1#t /oe((#/#e0t o( ('#/t#o0

       

       

Note? J 5)1e #0/'e)%#0$ J 5)1e e/'e)%#0$  J ='o=e't #-='o5e  J ='o=e't #-=)#'e

A% )bo5e t)b1e %ho3%, b )#0$ %1#= )$e0t% – be%#e% )0 #-='o5e /oe((#/#e0t o( ('#/t#o0 – #te ) 0-be' o( ='o=e't #-=)#'-e0t% )'e ob%e'5e.

This calls for a cautious dosing of slip agents !

S#0/e the )$e0t% )'e )1%o -#$')t#0$ #0 the -)%te' – b)t/h, the -)%te' b)t/h %ho1 be %to'e #0 /oo1 )0 ' /o0#t#o0% )0 0e5e' be e8=o%e to #'e/t %01#$ht. The %to')$e t#-e %ho1 ='e(e')b1 be 1e%% th)0 2 -o0th% )0 %h)11 0ot e8/ee 7 -o0th%.

P)$e

!:


SZINTRCO

A0t# – %t)t#/ )$e0t% A0t# – %t)t#/ )$e0t )'e to 'e/e the e1e/t'o–%t)t#/ /h)'$e o( the (#1- to ) -#0#-'#0$ ='o/e%%#0$. The e((#/#e0/ o( )0 )0t#–%t)t#/ )$e0t #% te%te b /h)'$#0$ the (#1- 0e' /o0t'o1 )0 the0 -e)%'#0$ the #%/h)'$e t#-e. Me)%'#0$ 0#t (o' th#% =)')-ete' #% the h)1(–1#(e , #.e. the t#-e 'e#'e 0t#1 h)1( o( the )//-1)te /h)'$e #% #%/h)'$e. A% %ho't te%t, the %o–/)11e )%h–t') te%t /)0 be )==1#e. Fo' th#%, the (#1- #% /h)'$e b 'bb#0$ #t 3#th ) /1oth )0 -e)%'#0$ the #%t)0/e )t 3h#/h the )%h #% )tt')/te b the (#1-. I0 $e0e')1, the -e)%'#0$ o( the %'()/e 'e%#%t)0/e #% /o0%#e'e )% be#0$ too -='e/#%e. The )$e0t #% ) b#–=o1)' -)te'#)1 -#$')t#0$ to the (#1- %'()/e. The 0=o1)' =o't#o0 St)% 3#th PP, 3h#1e the =o1)' =o't#o0 )tt)/he% h-##t. The %to'e= h-##t, #.e 3)te', ()/#1#t)te% )0 e)%#e' #%/h)'$e o( e1e/t'o%t)t#/ /h)'$e ('o- the (#1-. A0t#%t)t#/% )'e e%=e/#)11 %e (o' /oe8t'e (#1-. The e((e/t#5e )$e0t /o0/e0t') t#o0 -#8te to the PP ho-o=o1-e' #% )=='o8. 2::: ==- It% e((#/#e0/ b)%#/)11 e=e0 o0 the h-##t. S#0/e )0t#%t)t#/%  )% 3e11 )% %1#= )$e0t – -#$')te to the %'()/e, )0 )=='o='#)te -#$')t#o0 t#-e #% 'e#'e. I0 o'e' to obt)#0 o=t#-- 'e%1t%, ) %to')$e t#-e o( * – ! 3ee; #% 0e/e%%)'. The -#$')t#o0 /)0 be %=eee = b h#$h %to')$e te-=e')t'e%. A% the (#1- =)')-ete'% /)0 be /h)0$e /o0%#e')b1 – #( the'e )'e )0t# – %t)t#/% o0 the (#1- %'()/e – the te%t% o( – – –

the e1e/t'o%t)t#/ the o=t#/)1 ='o=e't#e%, )0 the %e)1#0$ ='o=e't#e%

%ho1 be 'e=e)te )(te' the #0te'-e#)te %to')$e t#-e.

P)$e

!*


SZINTRCO

B )#0$ )0t#%t)t#/% the (#1- ='o=e't#e% )'e /h)0$e )% (o11o3%? – te0%#1e %t'e0$th – e1o0$)t#o0 – h)@e – $1o%% – %e)1#0$ %e)- %t'e0$th – -#0. %e)1#0$ te-=e')t'e – ='#0t)b#1#t – h)1(1#(e – %'()/e 'e%#%t)0/e

        

        

ote:

   

J 5)1e #0/'e)%#0$ J 5)1e e/'e)%#0$ J ='o=e't #-='o5e J ='o=e't #-=)#'e

A//o'#0$ to )bo5e t)b1e the )#t#o0 o( )0t#–%t)t#/% – be%#e% ) 'e/t#o0 o ( the h)1(–t#-e 5)1e )0 the %'()/e 'e%#%t)0/e – )1%o 'e%1t% #0 ) 0-be' o( ='o=e't #-=)#'-e0t%.

The'e(o'e, the )#t#o0 o( )0t#–%t)t#/% /)11% (o' )b%o1te1 /)t#o% h)01#0$

Re$)'#0$ the %to')$e o( )0t#–%t)t#/% -)%te' b)t/he% the %)-e 'e/o--e0)t#o0 )% (o' %1#= )$e0t% )==1.

P)$e

!!


SZINTRCO

A0t#–b1o/;#0$ A$e0t% A0t#–b1o/;#0$ )$e0t% )'e to ='e5e0t b1o/;#0$ o( the (#1- o0 the 3#0e'. The (#1- #% b1o/;#0$ 3he0 t3o (#1-% )'e ='e%%e to$ethe' b  the #0(1e0/e o( te-= ')t'e )0 t#-e. The'e )'e t3o 'e)%o0% (o' the b1o/;#0$ =he0o-e0o0: –

%ho't–t=e =o1-e' /h)#0% -#$')te to the (#1- %'()/e )0 $et =)%te 3#th the othe' (#1-

–

#( the (#1- %'()/e #% too %-ooth, $'e)t )he%#5e %t'e0$th o'#$#0)te% bet3ee0 t3o (#1-%.

A% /o0te'-e)%'e the (#1- %'()/e #% 'o$he0e )'t#(#/#)11 b )#0$ )0t#–b1o/;#0$ )$e0t #% )/t#0$ )% ) #%t)0/e /o0t'o1 bet3ee0 the (#1- 3eb%.

The e((#/#e0/ o( the )0t#–b1o/;#0$ )$e0t #% $e0e')11 e8='e%%e b the b1o/;#0$ %t'e0$th. Mo%t /o-=)0#e% h)5e the#' o30 te%t#0$ -etho. Ho3e5e', b1o/;#0$ te%t% )'e )1%o e%/'#be #0 the ASTMSt)0)'% D *92 )0 D 2264. A% )0t#b1o/;#0$ )$e0t ) %0thet#/)11 ='o/e %#1#/#/ )/# > %#1#/o0 #o8#e S#: ! + #% %e. S#1#/#/ )/# h)% the (o11o3#0$ )5)0t)$e? –

#t #% )-o'=ho%, #,e. #t /)00ot /)%e ) %#1#/o%#%

–

#t #% o( h#$h ='#t )0 h)% )1-o%t the %)-e 'e(')/t#o0 #0e8 )% PP, be#0$ #-=o't)0t e%=e/#)11 (o' t')0%=)'e0t (#1-

–

#t #% %o(t )0 /)00ot /)%e )b')%#o0 #0 the e8t'%#o0 0#t

–

b the t#$ht b'#/; %#@e )'')0$e-e0t ) $oo #%t'#bt#o0 #0 the (#1- #% =o%%#b1e )0 the )$e0t% /o0/e0t')t#o0 #0 the (#1- – o0 /o-=)'#%o0 3#th the 0)t')1 %#1#/#/ )/# – /)0 be /o0%#e')b1 'e/e.

The =)'t#/1e %#@e o( the %#1#/#/ )/#, %e #0 the (#e1 o( BOPP , #% bet3ee0

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!2


SZINTRCO

! )0 4 - . The )0t#t o( e((e/t#5e )$e0t to be )==1#e %ho1 be #0 the ')0$e o( !:: – *::: ==- e=e0#0$ o0 the (#1- th#/;0e%%. The th#00e' the (#1- #%, the -o'e )0t#–b1o/;#0$ )$e0t #% 'e#'e. S#0/e #t #% )0 0o'$)0#/ ='o/t , the )0t#–b1o/;#0$ )$e0t oe% 0ot te0 to -#$')te )0 the'e(o'e #% (11 e((e/t#5e '#$ht )(te' (#1- ='o/t#o0. B )#0$ )0t#–b1o/;#0$ )$e0t the (#1- ='o=e't#e% )'e /h)0$e )% (o11o3%? – h)@e – $1o%% – %e)1#0$ %t'e0$th – ='#0t)b#1#t – h)1(1#(e – %'()/e 'e%#%t)0/e – b1o/;#0$ %t'e0$th

      

      

ote:

 J 5)1e #0/'e)%#0$  J 5)1e e/'e)%#0$  J ='o=e't #-='o5e – J ='o=e't #-=)#'e

)% %ho30 #0 )bo5e t)b1e, )#0$ o( b1o/;#0$ )$e0t% 0ot o01 'e%1t% #0 ) e/'e)%#0$ b1o/;#0$ (o'/e bt )1%o #0 othe' =o%#t#5e /h)0$e o( the (#1- ='o=e' t#e%. <#th 'e(e'e0/e to the #-=)#'-e0t o( the o=t#/)1 ='o=e't#e%, ho3e5e', )0t# b1o/;#0$ )$e0t %ho1 be )==1#e 'e1/t)0t1. S#0/e %#1#/) )/# #% h#$h1 h$'o%/o=#/, )tte0t#o0 -%t be =)# to 5)=o' ='oo( =)/;#0$ )0 ' %to')$e. P'#o' to %e (o' ='o/t#o0 the 3)te' /o0te0t %ho1 be /he/;e b ete'-#0#0$ the #0/'e)%e o( 3e#$ht. I( the 3)te' /o0te0t #% too h#$h, %=ot% )0 bbb1e% #0 the (#1- be (o'-e.

P)$e

!4


6+

SZINTRCOS

Ch)'$#0$ o( G')01)te U%)11, the ')3 -)te'#)1 #% %==1#e #0 b)$% o( !6 ;$ e)/h. No'-)11, 6: b)$% )'e =)/;e o0 o0e =)11et 3#th ) tot)1 3e#$ht o( *,!6: ;$ =e' =)11et. Fo' %=)/e %)5#0$ 'e)%o0 the $')01)te #% %to'e #0 ')3 -)te'#)1 %#1o%. F'o- the $')01)te (ee#0$ ho==e' the ')3 -)te'#)1 #% /o05ee to the %to')$e %#1o% b ) /o-='e%%e )#' b1o3e' %%te-. Fo' the %to')$e o( #((e'e0t PP ho-o=o1-e'% 5)'#o% %#1o% )'e )5)#1)b1e. F'o- the %to')$e %#1o% the $')01)te #% t')0%=o'te b the /o-='e%%e )#' b1o3e' %%te- to )0 #0te'-e#)te %#1o%. F'o- he'e #t =)%%e% ) o%#0$ 0#t to 3h#/h )#t#5e% )0 'e$')01)te /)0 be )e. The o%#0$ 0#t #% /h)'$e 3#th ) #t#5e -)%te' b)t/he% )0 'e$')01)te 'e%=e/t#5e1 b %/t#o0 /o05e)0/e. The -#8t'e o( PP ho-o =o1-e', -)%te' b)t/he% )0 'e $')01)te% =)%%e% ) o%#0$ %/'e3 to the /o-='e%%e )#' b1o3e' %%te- e0#0$ #0 the //1o0e. The =#=#0$ o( the e$e t'#- 3)%te #% )1%o /o00e/te 3#th the //1o0e. The e$e t'#- 3)%te )''#5#0$ he'e ('o- the /tt#0$ -#11 h)% )1'e) bee0 /t the'e #0to (#1- (1((. The e$e t'#- 3)%te )0 the $')01)te )'e /o11e/te #0 the //1o0e )0 ('othe'e ()11 #0to the -#8#0$ ho==e'. I0 the -#8#0$ ho==e', 1o/)te )bo5e the -)#0 e8t'e', the $')01)te )0 the (#1- (1(( )'e ho-o$e0eo%1 -#8e (o' ('the' ='o/e%%#0$ #0 the -)#0 e8t'e'. The PP /o=o1-e' #% -#8e 3#th the )#t#5e #0 ) -#8#0$ 0#t ('o- 3he'e the Coe8t'e'% )'e #'e/t1 /h)'$e b %/t#o0 0#t% o0 to= o( the /oe8t'e' ho==e'%.

P)$e

!6


7+

SZINTRCOS

E8t'%#o0 U0#t The e8t'%#o0 0#t #% to -e1t the PP ')3 -)te'#)1 )0 to #%/h)'$e #t )% (1)t ='o(#1e #0 /o0t#0o% o=e')t#o0. The 0#t /o0%#%t% o( the -)#0 e8t'%#o0 %%te- the /oe8t'e' > % + , the -e1t (#1te'%, )0 the 2–1)e' #e. E8t'e'%, (#1te'% )0 the #e )'e /o00e/te b ))=te' =#e/e%. The -#8t'e o( the PP ho-o=o1-e' )0 the e$e t'#- (1(( #% -e1te #0 the -)#0 e8t'%#o0 0#t )0 /o05ee to the (#1te'%. The (#1te' #% to 'et)#0 /o0t)-#0)t#o0 ('o- the -e1t. Th#% (#1te' h)% ) /e't)#0 )-o0t o( (#1te' /)01e%. B %#0$ (#1te' /)01e% ) 1)'$e (#1te' %'()/e #0 ) 'e1)t#5e1 %-)11 /o0%t'/t#o0 #% obt)#0e. L)'$e (#1te' )'e)% ='o5#e 1o0$ (#1te' 1#(e )0 %-)11 ='e%%'e 1o%%e%. The0 the -e1t (1o3 /o0t#0e% ('o- the (#1te' to the #e. Fo' /oe8t'%#o0 the'e )'e /oe8t'e'%. The %e'5e to -e1t )0 to /o05e the %e)1#0$ 1)e' -)te'#)1. The /oe8t'e' )'e /o00e/te 3#th the #e b the /o=o1-e' (#1te' 3h#/h /o0%#%t% o( ) %t')#0e' )0 5)'#o% 1)e' o( (#1te' ()b'#/%, the %o/)11e (#1te' =)/;)$e. The -e1t o( =1)#0 (#1- )0 /oe8t'e (#1- #% #%/h)'$e b ) 21)e' #e. The #e #%t'#bte% the -e1t %t'e)- o' -e1t %t'e)-% >#0 /)%e o( /oe8t'%#o0+ #0 e5e0 th#/;0e%% )/'o%% the tot)1 3#th. The #%t'#bt#o0 t);e% #0 the %oC)11e /o)t h)0$e' #%t'#bto'. The tot)1 ='o(#1e o( the (#1- /)0 be )%te b -e)0% o( ) (1e8#b1e #e 1#= 3#th =%h =11 bo1t% .

P)$e

!7


SZINTRCO

The ')t#o o( the 1)e' th#/;0e%% /)0 be /o0t'o11e b 5)'#0$ the e8t'e' ot=t.

FLAT DIE FOR 2LAER EVTRUSION

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SZINTRCO

<#th the 21)e' #e, 2 t=e% o( (#1- /)0 be ='o/e?  o0e1)e' (#1- >=1)#0 (#1-+  t3o1)e' (#1- >/oe8t'e (#1-+  th'ee1)e' (#1- >/oe8t'e (#1-+

Atte0t#o0 -%t be =)# to the ()/t th)t )13)% )11 th'ee -e1t /h)00e1% o( the #e )'e 3o';#0$ .

Th#% e0%'e% th)t the =o1-e' #0 the #e /)00ot e$')e the'-)11. The e$')e -e1t 3o1 /o0t)-#0)te the #e /o0%#e')b1. Po11t#o0 #% ='e5e0te b #0#5#)11 e%#$0e #0%e't% to be /h)0$e )t the #e #01et.

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!


"+

SZINTRCO

F#1- /)%t#0$ -)/h#0e ')3% the -e1t ('o- the #e. I0 th#% 0#t the (#1- #% %t'e0$the0e b /oo1#0$ o30. Fo' th#% ='o/e%% ) b#$ /oo1#0$ 'o11,/)11e /h#11 'o11, #% %e.

P)$e

!9


SZINTRCO

B the /oo1#0$ /o0#t#o0 o( the /h#11 'o11 )0 the 3)te' b)th, the /'%t)11#@)t#o0 o( the PP  )0 th% o=t#/)1 ='o=e't#e% )% 3e11 )% the %t'et/h)b#1#t o( the (#1- )'e #0(1e0/e. A #/; /oo1#0$ ='o/e%% o( the -e1t #0(1e0/e the /'%t)1 o' %=he'o1#te %t'/t'e o( the /)%t (#1- #0 )3) to ;ee= the /'%t)1 %t'/t'e )% e5e0 )% =o%%#b1e )0 the %#@e o( the /'%t)1% ')the' %-)11. Sb%ee0t1, the h)@e o( the (#1- #% -#0#-#@e, the (#1- #% e)% to be o'#e0te, )0 the (#0)1 (#1- %ho3% bette' th#/;0e%% to1e')0/e%. The -e1t #% /oo1e o0 o0e %#e b the /h#11 'o11 )0 o0 the othe' %#e #0 the 3)te' b)th 3#th the e((e/t o( ) 'e1)t#5e1 0#(o'- /oo1#0$ o30 both %#e%. S#0/e the (#1- #% /oo1e ('o- ot%#e, the #0%#e /oo1#0$ /o0#t#o0 )'e 0ot )% $oo, # .e. the %=he'o1#te% )'e b#$$e'.

F#$'e A? C'%t)1 St'/t'e o( %1o31 /oo1e =o1='o=1e0e

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2:


SZINTRCO

F#$'e B? C'%t)1 St'/t'e o( ')=#1 /oo1e =o1='o=1e0e

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2*


SZINTRCO

The'e('o'e, the te-=e')t'e% o( the (#1- /)%t#0$ -)/h#0e %ho1 be %et )% 1o3 )% =o%%#b1e. Ho3e5e', the'e )'e 1#-#t% e to the (o11o3#0$ e((e/t ?  )t too 1o3 te-=e')t'e% the -e1t 3o1 /oo1 o30 too #/;1 )0 the (#1 b'%t be/)%e o( the $'e)t the'-)1 %h'#0;)$e o0 the /h#11 'o11.

B th)t, the =e'(e/t /o0t)/t bet3ee0 the /h#11 'o11 )0 the (#1- #% 0o 1o0$e' G)')0tee )0 =e0et')t#0$ 3)te' /o1 /)%e %=ot% o0 (#1-W th#% )$)#0 3o1 #-=)#' the /oo1#0$ /o0#t#o0% 'e%1t#0$ #0 ) 0o0  ho-o$e0eo% /'%t)1 %t'/t 'e. A $oo /o0t)/t bet3ee0 the (#1- )0 the /h#11 'o11 #% )/h#e5e b )==1#0$ the -e1t o0 to the /h#11 'o11 b -e)0% o( )0 )#' ;0#(e. To -#0#-#@e the 0e/;  #0 o( the -e1t 3he0 ')30 o(( the #e )0 )1%o to )5o# /'1#0$ o( the (#1- e$e%, the -e1t e$e% )'e )#t#o0)11 =#00e o30 b the %o  /)11e )#' =#=e%. F#0)11, to ;ee= the 1o0$#t#0)1 to1e')0/e% )% 1o3 )% =o%%#b1e, the -e1t -%t be ')30 o(( the #e )t ) /e't)#0 ot1et ')te. $ : J 

/( :

J ot1et ')te > – 

$

J #e $)= o=e0#0$ >--+

/(

J th#/;0e%% o( the /)%t (#1- >--+

<#th th#% (o'-1) the 0e/;#0 o( the -e1t ('o- the #e to the /h#11 'o11 )0 the #((e'e0/e #0 e0%#t o( the PP -e1t to the /)%t (#1- #% 0e$1e/te. The ot1et ')te : #% 0o'-)11 *.6 – !.6 )t #e 1#= $)= o( !.: – 2.6 --.

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2!


+

SZINTRCO

M)/h#0e D#'e/t#o0 O'#e0te' The -)/h#0e #'e/t#o0 o'#e0te', )bb'e5#)te MDO, o'#e0t% the 0%t'et/he /)%t (#1- #0 the (#'%t %t)$e #0 1o0$#t#0)1 #'e/t#o0. Th#% 'e#'e% ) %=e/#(#/ %t'et/h#0$ te-=e')t'e. To 3)'- = the /)%t (#1to %t'et/h#0$ te-=e')t'e ) 0-be' o( ='ehe)t#0$ to11% #% 0e/e%%)'. The ='ehe)te /)%t (#1- /)0 the0 be o'#e0te #0 1o0$#t#0)1 #'e/t#o0 I0 the %t'et/h#0$ 0#t. Th#% 0#t /o0%#%t% o( %t'et/h#0$ 'o11% '00#0$ )t #((e'e0t %=ee%. A(te' %t'et/h#0$ the 1o0$#t#0)11 o'#e0te (#1- #% the'-o–(#8e b the %o–/)11e )00e)1#0$ 'o11. To )13)% -)#0t)#0 ) /o0%t)0t te0%#o0 o( the (#1- bet3ee0 the /)%t#0$ -)/h#0e )0 the MDO, )% 3e11 )% bet3ee0 the MDO )0 the TDO, the'e )'e )0/e' 'o11% )t the #01et )0 e8#t o( the MDO. The%e )0/e' 'o11% )'e #0%t)11e to /o0t'o1 the %=ee o( the MDO )0 the TDO. The /)%t (#1- #% (e #0to the MDO )'e b ) th'e)#0$ /h)#0. The ='ehe)t#0$ 'o11% o( the MDO )'e he)te b the'-o o#1. The te-=e')t'e #% )13)% %et (o' o0e =)#' o( 'o11%, #.e. (o' *: ='ehe)t#0$ Ro11% >J 6 =)#'%+ the'e )'e 6 te-=e')t'e /o0t'o11e'%. The (#'%t 'o11 h)5e ) /h'o-#-=1)te %'()/e, the 1)%t 'o11% )'e TEFLON Co)te. The TEFLON/o)t#0$ #% 0e/e%%)' (o' ) %=e/#(#/ te-=e')t'e ='o$')- to ='o/e /oe8t'e (#1-. The %t'et/h#0$ 0#t /o0%#%t% o( 7 'o11%. A11 o( the- )'e /o00e/te to he)t#0$ /oo1#0$ 0#t%. Fo' /oe8t'%#o0 the (#'%t ! =)#'% o( 'o11% )'e (o' /oo1#0$, (o' the = 'o/t#o0 o( =1)#0 (#1- the%e =)#'% o( 'o11% )'e (o' ='ehe)t#0$. The 1o0$#t#0)1 %t'et/h#0$ #% =e'(o'-e bet3ee0 the %e/o0 )0 the th#' =)#' o( 'o11% #0 the

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22


SZINTRCO

%o/)11e %t'et/h $)=. The #((e'e0/e bet3ee0 the %=ee o( the %e/o0 )0 the th#' =)#' o( 'o11% #% e(#0e )% 1o0$#t#0)1 %t'et/h ')t#o SMD? 5! SMD J ––––– 5* SMD J 1o0$#t#0)1 %t'et/h ')t#o *

J %=ee o( MDO 'o11% #0 ('o0t o( the %t'et/h $)= >--#0+

!

J %=ee o( MDO 'o11% )(te' the %t'et/h $)= >--#0+

The %)1 %t'et/h ')t#o #% bet3ee0 4, )0 6.2 L#-#t% )'e %et b the -#0#-- )0 the -)8#-- %t'et/h ')t#o. A too 1o3 1o0$#t#0)1 %t'et/h#0$ ')t#o 3#11 /)%e e8/e%%#5e th#/;0e%% to1e')0/e% #0 1o0$#t#0)1 #'e/t#o0. I( ) too h#$h%t'et/h ')t#o #% /ho%e0, the (#1- #% o'#e0te too -/h #0 1o0$#t#0)1 #'e/t#o0 3#thot b'e);#0$ #0 the TDO. I0/'e)%#0$ the %t'et/h ')t#o #0/'e)%e% the te0%#1e %t'e0$th o( the (#1- )0 'e/e% the e1o0$)t#o0 )t b'e);. The #0te'e=e0e0/e bet3ee0 the e1o0$)t#o0 )t b'e); )0 the te0%#1e %t'e0$th /)0 be %ee0 o0 the (o11o3#0$ #)$')-?

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24


SZINTRCO

D'#0$ 1o0$#t#0)1 o'#e0t)t#o0 the (#1- be/o-e% th#00e' #0 'e1)t#o0 to the %t'et/h ')t#o. I0 the BRUCKNER %ho't$)= %t'et/h#0$ %%te- the 0e/#0 o( the (#1- '#0$ the %t'et/h#0$ ='o/e%% #% %o %-)11 th)t #t /)0 be #%'e$)'e.

MD

/ J ––– SMD

MD J (#1- th#/;0e%% )(te' 1o0$#t#0)1 o'#e0t#0$ >-+ /

J (#1- th#/;0e%% o( /)%t (#1- >-+

SMD J 1o0$#t#0)1 %t'et/h ')t#o >–+

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26


SZINTRCO

E8)-=1e? /

J *.!6 -- J *!6: -

SMD J 4.6

*!6: - MD J ––––––––– J !: - 4.6

Th#% -e)0%, th)t #0 /)%e o( ) /)%t (#1- th#/;0e%% o( *.!6 -- )0 ) 1o0$#t#0)1 %t'et/h ')t#o o( 4.6 the (#1- th#/;0e%% o( the 1o0$#t#0)11 %t'et/he (#1- #% )=='o8. !: -. A(te' 1o0$#t#0)1 %t'et/h#0$ the (#1- =)%%e% o5e' the )00e)1#0$ 'o11% (o' the'-o (#8#0$. B #0/'e)%#0$ the te-=e')t'e )0 e/'e)%#0$ the %=ee bet3ee0 the )00e)1#0$ 'o11% the the'-)1 %h'#0;)$e o( the (#1- '#0$ he)t t'e)t-e0t /)0 be e/'e)%e. At )0 e8/e%%#5e (#8#0$ te-=e')t'e the (#1- be/o-e% h)@. I( the %=ee – )%t)b1e b ) h)0 3hee1 )t the $e)' o( the MDO – #% 'e/e too -/h, 3'#0;1e% -) e5e1o=.

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27


SZINTRCO

Te-=e')t'e ='o$')- (o' /oe8t'%#o0 The'e )'e 1#-#t% (o' %ett#0$ the %t'et/h#0$ te-=e')t'e o( the MDO e to the ()/t th)t the (#1- 3#11 %t#/; to the=1)te 'o11. The %t#/;#0$ =o#0t (o' PP ho-o=o1-e' #% )t )=='o8.*4:  *46XC. Fo' PP /o=o1-e' #t #% )t )=='o8. *!: –*!6XC. /o0%ee0t1, =1)#0 (#1- /)0 be %t'et/he )t te-=e')t'e o( *4:  *46XC, 3h#1e /oe8t'e (#1- 3#th PP /o=o1-e' ) ot%#e 1)e'% -%t be o'#e0te )t te-=e')t'e )% ot%#e 1)e'% -%t be o'#e0te )t te-=e')t'e o( *!: – *!6XC. The 'e#'e 1o3e' %t'et/h#0$ te-=e')t'e% (o' /oe8t'e (#1- 3o1 'e%1t #0 )0 #0/'e)%e the'-)1 %h'#0;)$e )0 #-=)#'e %e)1#0$ ='o=e't#e%. To be )b1e to %t'et/h the PP ho-o=o1-e' #0 the #00e' 1)e' )t h#$he' te-=e')t'e% th)0 *!: – *!6XC, the TEFLON–/o)te ='ehe)t#0$ 'o11% )'e %e. Co0%#e')b1 h#$he' te-=e')t'e /)0 be ) %te (o' the TEFLON–/o)te 'o11% 3#thot -);#0$ the (#1- %t#/;. E8=e'#e0/e h)% %ho30 th)t (o' /oe8t'e (#1- te-=e')t'e = to *24XC /)0 be %et (o' TEFLON–/o)te 'o11%. Th%, )1%o the /o'e /)0 be he)te = to *2!XC. Fo' the e0%#0$ %t'et/h#0$ ='o/e%%, ho3e5e', /h'o-#-– =1)te 'o11% )'e )b%o1te1 0e/e%%)'. Fo' th#% ='o/e%%, the ot%#e 1)e' o( the (#1- -%t be /oo1e o30 )$)#0 to *!: – *!6XC. Th#% t);e% %t'et/h#0$ 0#t. S#0/e the ')## o( the %t'et/h 'o11% )'e /o0%#e')b1 %-)11e' th)0 the ')## o( the ='ehe)t#0$ 'o11% )0 the'e(o'e the 'e%#e0/e t#-e o( the (#1- o0 the%e 'o11% #% %ho'te', o01 the ot%#e 1)e'% o( the (#1- )'e /oo1e. The te-=e')t'e o0 the %t'et/h#0$ 'o11 =)#' No. 2 #% %et #0 ) 3) to )5o# %t#/;#0$ o( the (#1- to the 'o11%. B o5e'he)t#0$ the %e)1#0$ 1)e' o0 the

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2"


SZINTRCO

TEFLON–/o)te ='ehe)t#0$ 'o11% )0 b %b%ee0t /oo1#0$, #t #% =o%%#b1e to o'#e0t the /oe8t'e (#1- )t o=t#-- te-=e')t'e% (o' e)/h 1)e', #.e. )=='o8.*!:XC (o' the %e)1#0$ 1)e' )0 )=='o8.*2!XC (o' the /o'e 1)e'.

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2


9+

SZINTRCO

T')0%5e'%e D#'e/t#o0 O'#e0te' The t')0%5e'%e #'e/t#o0 o'#e0t#0$ -)/h#0e, )bb'e5#)te TDO, %e'5e% to o'#e0t the 1o0$#t#0)11 %t'et/he (#1- #0 the %e/o0 %t)$e #0to t')0%5e'%e #'e/t#o0. Th%, the (#1- #% b#)8#)11 o'#e0te, #.e. %t'et/he #0 1o0$#t#0)1 )0 #0 t')0%5e'%e #'e/t#o0. To o'#e0t the 1o0$#t#0)11 %t'et/he (#1- #0 t')0%5e'%e #'e/t#o0, ) %t'et/h#0$ te-=e')t'e o( )=='o8. *7:XC #% 0e/e%%)'. S#0/e the t')0%5e'%e %t'et/h#0$ te-=e')t'e #% /o0%#e')b1 h#$he' th)0 the Lo0$#t#0)1 %t'et/h#0$ te-=e')t'e, the (#1- -%t be ='ehe)te to th)t te-=e')t'e. Fo' the'-o–(#8#0$ o( the o'#e0te (#1- )1%o ) (#8#0$ @o0e #% 'e#'e. F#0)11, the hot (#1- -%t be /oo1e o30 to 'oo- te-=e')t'e. Fo' )bo5e 'e)%o0%, the TDO #% %b#5#e #0to (o' %e/t#o0%? – – – –

='ehe)t#0$ %e/t#o0 %t'et/h#0$ %e/t#o0 (#8#0$ %e/t#o0 /oo1#0$ %e/t#o0

The (#1- #% t')0%=o'te th'o$h the TDO b ) /1#= %%te- -o0te to ) /h)#0 )0 $#e b ) /h)#0 ')#1. The /h)#0 ')#1 =o%#t#o0 /)0 be )%te b h)0 3hee1% be#0$ 1o/)te bet3ee0 the #((e'e0t @o0e%. At the (#1- #01et #0to the TDO the #%t)0/e bet3ee0 the /1#=% #% -o0#to'e b the e$e $#e 0#t )//o'#0$ to the 3#th o( the 1o0$#t#0)11 o'#e0te (#1-. He)t#0$ )0 /oo1#0$ o( the (#1- #% e((e/te b ) he)t#0$ )0 /oo1#0$ )#' %t'e)- #% %='e) e5e01 )/'o%% the (#1- b %o–/)11e 0o@@1e bo8e% the'e(o'e, the TDO #% %b#5#e #0to he)t#0$ @o0e% )0 ) /oo1#0$ @o0e.

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29


SZINTRCO

Abo5e e)/h @o0e the'e #% )0 o=e0#0$ to e8h)%t the 5)=o' o( )#t#5e%. I( (#1-% /o0t)#0#0$ )#t#5e% 3e ='o/e 3#thot th#% e8h)%t %%te-, the )#t#5e% /o1 /o0e0%e #0%#e the o5e0 )0 '#==#0$ )#t#5e% /o1 /)%e %=ot% o0 the (#1- o' (#1- –b'e);%. I0 the ='ehe)t#0$ %e/t#o0 the te-=e')t'e )'e %et )t )=='o8. *":. – *: QC. The /h)#0 ')#1 )%t-e0t #0 th#% %e/t#o0 #% -)#01 =)')11e1, #.e. #0 the ='ehe)t#0$ %e/t#o0 the (#1- -%t 0ot be %t'et/he )t )11, bt t')0%=o'te o01. I0 the %t'et/h#0$ %e/t#o0 the /h)#0 ')#1 )%t-e0t be/o-e% /o0t#0o%1 3#e'. Th)t -e)0% the (#1- #% %t'et/he #0 t')0%5e'%e #'e/t#o0. The t')0%5e'%e %t'et/h#0$ te-=e')t'e #% )=='o8.*7:QC. I( ) too 1o3 %t'et/h#0$ te-=e')t'e #% /ho%e0, the (#1- 3#11 b'e); 3#th ) 1o 0o#%e. I0 th#% /)%e, t'e)t-e0t #0/'e)%e, too. I( the %t'et/h#0$ te-=e')t'e #% too h#$h, the th#/;0e%% to1e')0/e% )'e b). The (#1- be/o-e% h)@ )0 (#0)11 b'e);%. P')/t#/)11, the t')0%5e'%e %t'et/h ')t#o #% 0e5e' %et. It %et% #t%e1( )t $#5e0 /h)#0 ')#1 )%t-e0t e=e0#0$ o0 the PP ho-o=o1-e' %e. It #% (o0 ot b -)';#0$ t3o =)')11e1 1#0e% o( ) /e't)#0 #%t)0/e b -e)0% o( (#be' =e0% )0 b -e)%'#0$ the%e 1#0e% )t the e0 o( the TDO o' o0 the 3#e'

b! S'o J ––– b*

S'o J t')0%5e'%e %t'et/h ')t#o b* J 1#0e #%t)0/e ='#o' to t')0%5e'%e %t'et/h#0$

b! J 1#0e #%t)0/e )(te' t')0%5e'%e %t'et/h#0$

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4:


SZINTRCO

. D'#0$ t')0%5e'%e %t'et/h#0$ the (#1- )1%o be/o-e% th#00e' #0 'e1)t#o0 to the %t'et/h ')t#o

 MD 'o

J –––

S TD TD J (#1- th#/;0e%% )(te' t')0%5e'%e %t'et/h#0$ MD J (#1- th#/;0e%% ='#o' to t')0%5e'%e %t'et/h#0$ STD J t')0%5e'%e %t'et/h ')t#o

I( 3e /o0t#0e /)1/1)t#0$  )//o'#0$ to the e8)-=1e #0 the ='e5#o% /h)=te'  3#th ) t=#/)1 t')0%5e'%e %t'et/h ')t#o o( .6, 3e obt)#0 ) (#1- th#/;0e%% o( 22 -.

MD J !: - STD J .6

TD

!: - J ––––––––– J 22 - .6

A% the (#1- e$e% )'e he1 b /1#=%, the e$e% 'e-)#0 0t%t'et/he '#0$ t')0%5e'%e o'#e0t)t#o0. Th#% #% 3h the e$e% %t) th#/;e'.

Fo' th#% 'e)%o0 the 0%t'et/he e$e% -%t be 'e-o5e )(te' 1e)5#0$ the TDO.

To ='e5e0t 3)%te ='o/t#o0 the e$e t'#- #% /t to (1(( b ) /tt#0$ -#11 )0 #% 'e//1e to the -)#0 e8t'e'. Th#% #% #0 ) /o0t#0o% ='o/e%% '#0$ ='o/t#o0.

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SZINTRCO

S;et/h ? e$e t'#- 3#th 'e-)#0#0$ e$e%

I0 the (#8#0$ %e/t#o0 the t')0%=o't %%te- /o05e'$e% to the'-o%t)b#1#@e the (#1- b te-=e')t'e )0 'e1)t#o0. The (#1- 3#th #% e/'e)%e b )=='o8. 6  *:  /o-=)'e to the 3#th o( the 1)%t %t'et/h#0$ @o0e.

The F#8#0$ te-=e')t'e #% 1#-#te, %#0/e too h#$h te-=e')t'e -);e the (#1- h)@#e'. The 0o'-)1 (#8#0$ te-=e')t'e )'e )=='o8. *7:  *76XC.

The 1)%t %e/t#o0 beh#0 the TDO #% ) /oo1#0$ @o0e. He'e, )#' )t 'oo- te-=e')t'e #% b1o30 o0to the (#1- to /oo1 #t o30.

Y#/; /oo1#0$ o30 #% 0e/e%%)' to )/h#e5e $oo o=t#/)1 ='o=e't#e%  e%=e/#)11 (o' /oe8t'e (#1-  )0 to )5o# #-e0%#o0)1 /h)0$e% o0 the 3#0e' b the'-)1 %h'#0;)$e.

A(te' /oo1#0$ o30, the (#1- #% 'e1e)%e ('o- the /1#= %%te- (o' ('the' /o05e)0/e b the =11 'o11 %t)0.

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4!


SZINTRCO

*:+ P11 Ro11 St)0 It% ='=o%e #% to =11 o(( the b#)8#)11 o'#e0te (#1- ('o- the TDO )0 to (o'3)' the (#1- to the 3#0e'. I0 the =11 'o11 %t)0 the th#/;0e%% $)$e (o' -e)%'#0$ the th#/;0e%% o( the (#0)1 (#1-, the e$e t'#- %%te- )0 the /o'o0) t'e)t-e0t %t)t#o0% )'e #0%t)11e. The e$e #% t'#--e o0 the 1e(t )0 o0 the '#$ht %#e b b1)e%. The 3#th o( the t'#- #% )=='o8. *!:  *6: --. The e$e #% =11e o(( )0 /o5e'e b ) %/t#o0 =#=e to the /tt#0$ -#11 /tt#0$ the e$e t'#- to (#1- (1((. F'o- the /tt#0$ -#11 the (1(( #% b1o30 th'o$h ) =#=#0$ %%te- to the //1o0e )bo5e the -#8#0$ ho==e'. A(te' e$e t'#--#0$ the /o'o0) t'e)t-e0t %t)t#o0% (o11o3. To )5o# e5e1o=#0$ o( 3'#0;1e% '#0$ the t')0%=o't o( the (#1- the'e )'e %='e)e' 'o11%. Att)/he to the e5e' /o'o0) t'e)t-e0t 'o11 the'e #% ) 0#= 'o11 to ='e5e0t %1#==#0$ o( the (#1- o0 the 'o11%. Th%, the 3#0e' /)00ot =11 the (#1- th'o$h the =11 'o11 %t)0.

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**+

SZINTRCO

Th#/;0e%% G)$e

The th#/;0e%% $)$e #% #0%t)11e )t the =11 'o11 %t)0 )0 #% %e (o' -e)%'#0$ the th#/;0e%% ='o(#1e o( the (#0)1 (#1-. The (#1- th#/;0e%% #% -e)%'e '#0$ ='o/t#o0 #0 ) 0o0–t)0$e0t )0 /o0t#0o% 3) b -e)0% o( ) bet)–') %/)00e'. The th#/;0e%% $)$e oe% 0ot o01 -e)%'e )0 #0#/)te the (#1- ='o(#1e, #t )1%o )%t% the (#1- ='o(#1e )to-)t#/)11 )0 – b /)1/1)t#0$ the (#1- th#/;0e%% (o' e)/h %/)0 – #t ;ee=% the (#1- th#/;0e%% o0 ) /o0%t)0t 1e5e1 '#0$ ='o/t#o0. D'#0$ ='o/t#o0 the'e )'e /h)0$e% #0 the (#1- ='o(#1e. The'e(o'e, the (#1- to1e')0/e -%t be /o''e/te )//o'#0$1 b 'e)%t#0$ the #e 1#=. The /o)'%e )%t-e0t o( the ='o(#1e #% -)e -)0)11 b =%h–=11 bo1t%. The (#0e )%t-e0t )0 /o0t'o1 #% t);e0 o5e' b the th#/;0e%% $)$e. Fo' th#% ='=o%e, the =%h–=11 bo1t% )'e e%#$0e )% he)te e8=)0%#o0 bo1t%. The%e e8=)0%#o0 bo1t% )'e /o0t'o11e b the th#/;0e%% $)$e. The 0e/e%%)' te-=e')t'e o( the e8=)0%#o0 bo1t% #% /)1/1)te b the /o-=te' o( the th#/;0e%% $)$e 3#th 'e(e'e0/e to the (#1- ='o(#1e% -e)%'e.

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*!+

SZINTRCO

Co'o0) T'e)t-e0t St)t#o0

E0e'$ /o'o0) t'e)t-e0t %t)t#o0 /o-='#%e% ) 'bbe'–/o)te -et)1 'o11, t3o t'e)t-e0t e1e/t'oe% )0 )0 o@o0e e8h)%t %%te-. I0 the /o'o0) t'e)t-e0t %t)t#o0 the %'()/e te0%#o0 o( the BOPP (#1- #% #0/'e)%e b -e)0% o( )0 )'/ be#0$ e5e1o=e bet3ee0 e1e/t'oe (#1-. PP h)% ) 0)t')1 %'()/e te0%#o0 o( )=='o8. 2: -N-. To be )b1e to ='#0t the (#1-, ) %'()/e Te0%#o0 o( )=='o8. 2" – 2 -N- #% 'e#'e. The %'()/e te0%#o0 /)0 be e5)1)te 3#th te%t#0$ 1##% o' b e$e )0$e1 e(#0#t#o0. The te%t#0$ 1##% /)0 be -)e #0 ) o–#t–o'%e1( ='o/e%% )//o'#0$ to ASTM–St)0)' D !6". It -%t be /o0%#e'e th)t the te%t#0$ 1##% )'e h $'o%/o=#/, th)t -e)0% the#' 5)1e% -) /h)0$e #0 the /o'%e o( t#-e 3he0 )b%o'b#0$ h-##t. The )//')/ o( the te%t#0$ 1##% #%   – * -N-. The %'()/e te0%#o0 /)0 )1%o be ete'-#0e -o'e ='e/#%e1 b e$e )0$e1 e(#0#t#o0. Ho3e5e', the t'e)t-e0t 1e5e1 -%t be #0/'e)%e '#0$ ='o/t#o0 b )=='o8. ! – 4 M0-, %#0/e #t e/'e)%e% '#0$ %to')$e. The /o'o0) t'e)t-e0t )((e/t% the (#1- %'()/e. Fo' o0e–%#e /o'o0) t'e)te (#1- the %e)1#0$ %t'e0$th, the -#0#-- %e)1#0$ te-=e')t'e, )0 the /oe((#/#e0t o( ('#/t#o0 -%t be -e)%'e %e=)')te1 o0 e)/h %#e. F#1-% 3#th )#t#5e% 'e#'e h#$he' t'e)t-e0t #0te0%#t th)0 (#1-% 3#thot )#t#5e%. To #0te'='et the e((e/t o( the /o'o0) t'e)t-e0t 5)'#o% ()/t% )'e %#$0#(#/)0t ? – – – – – –

/h)#0 e$'))t#o0 #0te'1)/#0$ o8#)t#o0 e1e/t'et (o'-)t#o0 o@o0#%)t#o0 h'o$e0 1#0;)$e

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4"


SZINTRCO

The -o%t #-=o't)0t =)'t o( the /o'o0) t'e)t-e0t %t)t#o0 #% the t'e)t-e0t e1e/t'oe )0 the #e1e/t'#/. The #e1e/t'#/ /o0%#%t% o( the – – –

)#' bet3ee0 the e1e/t'oe )0 the (#1(#1'bbe'–/o)t#0$ o( the 'o11

)0 %ho1 h)5e ) #e1e/t'#/ /o0%t)0t o( . The %%te- 3o';% 3#th ) te0%#o0 o( *6.::: 5 )0 ) ('ee0/ o( !: ;H@. The #%t)0/e bet3ee0 e1e/t'oe )0 (#1- %ho1 be %et )t )=='o8. ! --. S#0/e the e1e/t'oe )0 the 'o11 3)'- = '#0$ o=e')t#o0, the =)')11e1#%- o( the e1e/t'oe to the 'o11 -%t be /he/;e ('o- t#-e to t#-e. Fo' th#% 'e)%o0 %#$ht $1)%%e%, th'o$h 3h#/h the /o0%t)0t o( the )'/ ('o- the e1e/t'oe to the (#1- /)0 be 3)t/he, )'e #0%t)11e )t the e8h)%t hoo. I0 the )'e) )'o0 the )'/ – (o'-e '#0$ /o'o0) t'e)t-e0t – #0 /o00e/t#o0 3#th )#' )1%o o@o0e >O2+ #% be#0$ e5e1o=e, 3h#/h ##% h)'-(1 to he)1th )0 the'e(o'e -%t be e8h)%te. Fo' t'e)t#0$ both %#e% o( the (#1- /o'o0) t'e)t-e0t %t)t#o0 )'e #0%t)11e ('o- to= )% 3e11 ('o- botto-.

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Processing of Bopp Film

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