Final Year Project Proposal

STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF A COMMUNITY SIZE SWIMMING POOL

BY ATUNBI, O.E. Department of civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria

1. INTRODUCTION A swimming pool is any constructed or prefabricated structure which contains water, used for swimming, diving and other recreational bathing activities. A swimming pool can be for public, semi public or private use. Swimming pools come in all shapes and sizes, but nearly all of them, from the domestic to the recreational, from the rectangular to the variously shaped, work in the same basic way. A typical swimming pool consists of four major components: • A tank (basin, shell) • A circulation system – pumps, inlets and outlets, pipework • Filtration • A dosing system for treatment chemicals. The basic idea is to pump water in a continual cycle, from the pool via filtration and chemical treatment and back to the pool again. By this circulation, the water in the pool is kept relatively free of dirt, debris and microorganisms (bacteria and viruses). A. TYPES OF SWIMMING POOLS There are basically two (2) main types of swimming pools. These are: i. Above ground swimming pools ii. In ground swimming pools

Final Year Project Proposal (2013)

Atunbi, O.E. (09/30GB038)

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• ABOVE GROUND SWIMMING POOLS This kind of swimming pool is usually constructed above the ground with the use of lightweight materials such as resin, aluminium, steel and inflatable rubber which is a recent trend in pool construction. They are less expensive and less permanent. That is, they can be moved from one place to another. They do not provide deep and shallow ends. An above ground pool can be set up within a few hours with capable help and necessary preparation being done. Above-ground pools, in a location protected by gates and locks, are safer when it comes to children. • IN GROUND SWIMMING POOLS This kind of swimming pool is built below the ground surface. That is, it is embedded in the ground. They are more costly, larger and permanent when compared to the above ground type. They provide deep and shallow ends. In ground swimming pools take a longer period to construct when compared to an above ground swimming pool (up to 12 weeks). In ground pools can be made safer through the use of technology — infrared sensors, gate alarms, locks, video cameras and so on. Types of in ground swimming pools include: vinyl lined pools (a liner is attached to a frame built in the excavation), fiberglass pools (a large factory-built shell is lowered into an excavation by a crane) and concrete pools (constructed on-site to the required specification and available in a variety of finishes). B. JUSTIFICATIONS FOR DESIGNING SAFE SWIMMING POOLS Design of a safe swimming pool will allow for effective management of health and safety of users. It will maximise customers’ appeal for its use and provide efficient and well organised circulation of water and other chemicals through the pool system. A safe swimming pool design will also minimise cleaning and maintenance requirements thereby providing a safe and conducive environment for carrying out the swimming activity. A safe design will also entail the pool shell being water tight which will prevent loss of water when the pool is full or partially full and prevent infiltration of ground water when the pool is empty or partly empty.



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C. ADVANTAGES OF SWIMMING POOLS The benefits of a swimming pool are: Health Benefits Swimming is one of the best low impact exercises in which one is able to get a high-quality cardiovascular workout while minimizing stress on the joint. It gets the heart rate up and burns the most calories. It should be carried out for at least 30 minutes several times a week for maximum benefits to the heart, lungs and circulation, as recommended by the American Heart Association. Swimming helps to improve personal hygiene and reduce the incidence and prevalence of skin infection, trachoma, and otitis media. Social Benefits As an alternative to joining a gym, using the swimming pool can help to improve endurance by swimming laps without breaking; improve the arm strength by pulling or placing a buoy between the legs and only swimming with the arms. A swimming pool is also a delightful place to spend time with loved ones. It promotes competition both locally and internationally. Floats, volleyball courts, basketball courts, diving rings and so on are incorporated in the swimming pool for fun and games.

D. STANDARD SHAPES AND SIZES OF SWIMMING POOLS The shape of a swimming pool depends on its primary use. A rectangular shape is preferred if the swimming pool is required basically for training or competition. However, swimming pools required for leisure can be L-shape, oval, circular or any other shape as specified by the owner. Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA), which translates to "International Swimming Federation” and the Amateur Swimmers Association have a series of guidelines that describe standard pool sizes acceptable for various purposes. They are shown in the Table 1 below:



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Pool Type

Length (m)

Width (m)

No of Lanes

Learner Pool

10 – 20

7

2

Lane Width (m) 2.0

20

8.5

4

10.5

5

8.5

4

10.5

5

12.5

6

Community

Community

25

Side Margin Depth (m) (m) N/A

0.6-0.9

2.0

0.25

0.8-1.0

2.0

0.25

0.9-1.5 1.0-2.0

Competition

25.02

13

6

2.0

0.5

1.0-1.80

Short course championship Training pool

25.02

17

8

2.0

0.5

1.8

50

10-17

4-8

2.0

0.5

1.0-1.8

ASA National competition

50.02

19

8

2.25

0.5

1.0-1.8

21 FINA National competition

FINA International competition

50.02

50.02

21

25

Table 1: Main pools-layouts and dimensions


2.5 8

8

2.5

2.5

2.0 0.2

1.35

0.5

2.0

2.5

2.0

ASA (Amateurs Swimmers Association)


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2. AIM AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this project is to structurally design a concrete swimming pool facility for the University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. This facility will serve the purpose of recreation, competition and training and will support the principles of access, environmental health, health and safety of community members as well as affordability. The objectives of this project are: i. To have an in-depth study of the design requirement of a swimming pool ii. To determine the loads that the concrete structure will carry iii. To carry out a complete manual analysis and design of the structure using the Limit State Design method iv. To cross check the values obtained in the manual design using a structural analysis software v. To prepare the structural detail drawings of the concrete swimming pool structure vi. To prepare the Bill of Engineering Measurement and Evaluation of the structure

3. LITERATURE REVIEW Swimming is an important recreational activity. Learning to swim prevents drowning. Swimming promotes good physical, mental and cardiovascular health. In properly managed pools, the benefits of swimming far outweigh any risk (WHO, 2006). A proper standard size swimming pool has to measure up to the rules defined by the world governing body for swimming, La Federation Internationale de Natation (FINA). Standard pools are either 50m or 25m in length. Lanes are at least 2m wide. In Olympic or World Championships, pools are 50m long (except for World Championship 25m) with a minimum of eight racing lanes. There are two spaces 2.5m wide outside the first and last lanes. If the swimming pool and diving pool are in the same area, they must be 5m apart from each other. A minimum depth of 1.35m, extending from 1m−6m from the end wall is required for pools with starting blocks while a depth of 1m is required for pools without blocks. For Olympic and World Championships the minimum depth is 2m. (G. Jeffery, 2005) All swimming pools are supposed to be designed and constructed to withstand all anticipated loading for both full and empty conditions. It is required that the design of a standard size swimming pool that is to be made from concrete should comply with the British Standard 8110: 1997 ‘Structural use of concrete’ and British Standard 8007: 1987 ‘Design of concrete structures for retaining aqueous liquids’. This is an adjunct to BS8110.



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The analysis of the structure is carried out for the worst conditions that can affect it taking into consideration when the swimming pool is full and empty. It should also be noted that the structure will be subjected to pressure from retained water. The structure must fulfil the requirement of strength, durability, deflection and freedom from excessive cracking (thermal and flexural) in addition to the requirement of being leak proof. The design can be carried out using either the elastic analysis design method or the limit state design method. (V.O. Oyenuga, 2011) O. Omolokun (2005) carried out the structural design of an Olympic size swimming pool manually and using Visual Basic 6.0. He compared the results obtained from both methods. He concluded that the computation of data was faster using computer aided program as compared to the manual calculation. The results obtained using the Computer Aided Design was more precise than the results obtained manually. A.E. Abubakar (2013) carried out the structural design of a public swimming pool using the British Standard code of practice. Although he carried out the analysis manually, he recommended that the use of software like Visual Basic can be developed for easy calculations and higher accuracy. K.W. Chau (1992) carried out the computer aided design of medium size reinforced concrete liquid retaining tanks. In this work, he was able to conclude that the computer program, written in PASCAL Language gave consistent results when compared to the manual design. Therefore the computer aided design package is a very useful and practical tool in the field of structural engineering. The Corby International swimming Pool developed in the East midlands in 2009 is one in which all of the accommodation is housed under an organic shaped roof based on a shell structure which helps reduce the visual impact from the surrounding woodland. The facility consists of a 50m swimming pool incorporating submersible booms and movable floors to provide flexible water depths to both ends. The pool hall also features a 20m training pool and a fun water leisure pool with flume ride. Other features include re-use of waste pool water for flushing toilets. This new facility has undeniably become an important and integral part of the town centre and its regeneration. (Sport England, 2010) The K2 Crawley Sport & Leisure Centre which was completed in 2005 consists of a 50m swimming pool. The 50m pool provides flexible swimming for training and competitive standards and includes a range of diver training. The pool hall also has a dedicated learner pool and spectator seating for 400 people. In 2006, Crawley scored the highest satisfaction rating in the country for its sport and recreation facilities within the Active People Survey. (Sport England, 2010)



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Arc Leisure Matlock which was developed as a landmark sport, leisure and tourist attraction in the Peak District in 2011 is a key component of the ‘Derbyshire Dales Central Corridor Regeneration Initiative’. The leisure centre has an 8-lane competition swimming pool with a movable floor, poolside competitor seating and over 200 spectator seats. In addition, there is a 13 x 7 m learner pool with a separate ‘introduction to water’ area including fun and play features. (Sport England, 2012) The Abbey Stadium Leisure Centre, Redditch, Worcestershire completed in 2012 also consists of a 25 m x 6 lane competition swimming pool, learner pool, pool viewing for 300 spectators and a wet changing village. Reclaimed heat from the neighbouring crematorium heats the swimming pools, reducing the Client’s operating costs considerably. (Sport England, 2012)

4. METHODOLOGY Considering the size, shape and depth of the proposed swimming pool as well as consideration for durability, concrete material will be used for its design and construction. The design of the concrete swimming pool structure will be carried out manually using the limit state design method. The principal steps to be followed are: A. Ultimate limit state design calculations B. Serviceability limit state design calculations using either a) The calculation of crack widths OR b) Obtaining the ‘Deemed to satisfy’ requirements for applied loading effect on the mature concrete. These are based on maximum stresses in the reinforcement and analysis will involve the use of triangular stress block. Serviceability calculations will be considered in three specific cases: 1) Flexural tension in mature concrete 2) Direct tension in mature concrete 3) Direct tension in immature concrete C. Check for reinforcement and joint detailing. D. Preparation of Bill of Engineering Measurement and Evaluate (BEME). E. Preparation of the final project report.



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5. TIME FRAME (SCHEDULE) Activity Code

Activity Description

H

Harmattan Semester

H1 H1.1 H1.2 H1.3 H2 H2.1 H2.2 H2.3 H2.4 H2.5 H2.6 H2.7 R R1 R1.1 R1.2 R1.3 R1.4 R2 R2.1 R2.2 R2.3

Duration Milestones (weeks and days) 20.8 weeks

Project Initiation 4 weeks Project Topic Selection 3 weeks Coordination of Project Topic with Supervisor 2 Days Identify Specific Project Needs 3 Days Project Planning 16.8 weeks Identify and Study Existing Literature References 1 week Develop Project Proposal 1 week Review first draft of Project Proposal with 1 week Supervisor Source for & Obtain Materials and Textbooks 2 weeks needed for the design of a Swimming Pool Prepare Second draft of Project Proposal 18 days Prepare Final Version of Project Proposal 1 Day Source for Additional Information on swimming Pool 9 weeks Design Rain Semester 12 weeks Project Execution 10 weeks Prepare a detailed write up on Introduction, 1 week Literature review and Methodology Manual Analysis and Design of the Swimming Pool 5 weeks Use of a Design Software to cross-check results 2 weeks Prepare Results, Discussion, Conclusion and other 2 weeks supplementary Materials Project Close-Out 2 weeks Review Final Draft of Report with Supervisor 1 week Print and Document Final Report 4 days Issue Final Project Report 1 day


Milestone 1

Milestone 2

Milestone 3

Milestone 4


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6. PROJECT REQUIREMENT COST S/No. Item Description 1. Purchase of Textbooks and Printing of Literature Materials 2. Internet Subscription (6 months) 3. Actual Design Processes 4. Preparation of Final Project Report 5. Logistics (Transportation/Telecommunication) Total

Cost (N) 5,000.00 36,000.00 3,000.00 8,000.00 3,000.00 55,000.00

7. EXPECTED RESULTS The dimension of the swimming pool will be determined. The structural analysis will be carried out to obtain the values of shear forces, moments and stresses of the concrete structure. The design calculations will be done and the reinforcement detailing and other relevant drawings which will serve as guide during construction will be prepared from the results obtained. The Bill of Engineering Measurement and Evaluation (BEME) will also be prepared. Hence, a safe, useful and durable concrete swimming pool facility shall be designed to serve the intended uses in the community.



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8. REFERENCES 1.

Abubakar, A.E. (2013) Structural Design of Public Swimming Pool. Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin Nigeria. June, 2013.

2.

Carmen. A (1999) Swimming pools in Aboriginal Communities: Health Related Issues. The Australian National University, Canberra.

3.

Catalina. L (2010) what are the benefits of swimming pools. Retrieved from http://www.livestrong.com/article/171708-what-are-the-benefits-of-swimming-pools/

4.

Chau. K. W (1992) Computer Aided Design of Medium Size Reinforced Concrete Liquid Retaining Tanks. Journal of Structural Engineering. Vol 19, No 1.

5.

City LADBS, Department of Building and Safety (2011) Design and Construction of Swimming Pools Information Bulletin. Ref no: LABC Ch.31B. Doc no: P/BC 2011-014.

6.

European Union of Swimming Pool and Spa Association EUSA (2010). A Technical paper on Domestic Swimming Pool-Tank Installation. Retrieved from: http://www.eusaswim.eu/Documentation/downloads/Paper-on-tank-installation.pdf

7.

Great Lakes-upper Mississippi River Board of State and Provincial Public Health and Environmental Managers (1996). Recommended Standards for Swimming Pool Design and Operation. Retrieved from www.pwtag.org/.../32%20USA%20Swimming%20Pool%20Standards.pdf

8.

Griffiths, T. (2003) The Complete Swimming Pool Reference, 2 nd edition. Singapore Publishing. Pages 1-33

9.

Health Protection NSW (2013). Public swimming pool and spa pool advisory document. Retrieved from www.health.nsw.gov.au/.../Swimming-Pool-and-Spa-Advisory-doc.pdf

10. Mosley W.H and Bungey J.H (1994) Reinforced Concrete Design, 4 th edition, Macmillian press, London



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11. Omolokun, O (2005). A Project Report on the structural design of an Olympic size swimming pool using visual basic 6.0. Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Ilorin. Ilorin Nigeria. November 2005. 12.

Oyenuga, V.O (2001) Reinforced Concrete Design,2nd edition, Asros Publishers, Lagos. Pages 320-325.

13.

Perkins, H.P. (2000) Swimming pools, 4th edition. E & FN Spon, an imprint of the Taylor and Francis group, London.

14.

Sport England (2010) Facility Case Study; Creating Sporting Opportunities in Every Community. March Revision 001. Blooms Bury Square, London: Author.

15.

Sport England (2011). Swimming Pools Design Guidance Note. Blooms Bury Square, London: Author. Retrieved from www.sportengland.org/.../swimming-pools-design-2011

16.

Sport England (2012) Facility Case Study; Creating a Sporting Habit for Life. October Revision 001. Blooms Bury Square, London: Author.

17.

Sport England (2012) Facility Case Study; Creating a Sporting Habit for Life. September Revision 001. Blooms Bury Square, London: Author

18.

What is a Swimming Pool. Retrieved from: http://www.pwtag.org/SWP 08 Chap1.pdf

19.

William, H. (2012). The pros and cons of in-ground, above-ground swimming pools. chicago Tribune Newspapers, April 27, 2012. Retrieved from http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-04-27/classified/sc-home-0423-buying-pool20120501_1_pool-design-pool-store-ground



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Final Year Project Proposal

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