Inglés Básico
4
Inglés Básico
Unidad I
Socialización
Objetivo Terminal
Expresar en forma oral y escrita, saludos, presentaciones, despedidas, permisos, disculpas y agradecimientos en el idioma Inglés.
Contenido
Saludos
Formales
Informales
Presentarse
Presentar a otros
Disculpas
Permisos
Agradecimientos
Despedidas
Presentaciones
Expresiones
Información de la unidad Las formas de relacionarse entre las personas son muy variadas. En Inglés se
utilizan
diversas
expresiones
que
permiten
el
acercamiento
o
conocimiento entre las personas de manera formal e informal, desde el saludo hasta la manera de presentar a otras personas. En esta unidad el
5
Inglés Básico
participante se relacionará con esas expresiones, permitiendo ponerlas en práctica entre sus compañeros.
Grammar / Gramática Formal Greetings / Saludos Formales In the Morning / En la Mañana:
Good Morning / Buenos Días
In the Afternoon / En la Tarde:
Good Afternoon / Buenas Tardes
In the Evening / En la Noche: At Night / En la Noche
Good Evening / Buenas Noches
Informal Greetings / Saludos Informales Hi / Hello
Hola
How are you?
¿Cómo estás tú? / ¿Cómo está Usted?
How do you do?
¿Cómo Está Usted? / ¿Cómo le va a usted?
How do you feel?
¿Cómo se siente?
Information Questions
Answers
Preguntas Informativas
Respuestas Fine
How are you?
I’m very well
Thanks
I’m so so
Thank you
And you?
Pretty Good Bien Estoy muy bien ¿Cómo estás tú?
Estoy regular
Y usted? Gracias
Y tú?
Muy bien En el inglés no se establece diferencia entre el usted (you) y tú (you)
6
Inglés Básico
Farewell Expressions / Expresiones de Despedida Good Bye!
Adios
Bye!
Adios
See you
Nos Vemos
See you
Tomorrow
Hasta Mañana
Later
Nos vemos más Tarde
Next Week
Hasta la Próxima Semana
Soon
Hasta Pronto
So long
Hasta Luego
Until Tomorrow
Hasta Mañana
Examples / Ejemplos Informal Dialogue / Dialogo Informal A:
Hello Aurilu
Hola Aurilu
B:
Hi Iralis. How are you?
Hola Iralis. ¿Cómo estás?
A:
I’m fine thanks, and you?
Estoy bien gracias, ¿y tú?
B:
Pretty Good
Muy bien
A:
See you later
Nos vemos más tarde
B:
See you!
Nos vemos
Formal Dialogue / Dialogo Formal A:
Good Morning Mr. Rojas
Buenos Días Sr. Rojas
B:
Good Morning Mrs. Smith
Buenos Días Sra. Smith
A:
How do you do?
¿Cómo estas?
B:
I’m very well, thank you
Estoy muy bien, gracias.
Self Introduction / Presentación de sí mismo My name is…
Mi nombre es…
I am / I’m…
Yo soy…
7
Inglés Básico
Example: My name is Aurilu I am / I’m Alfred What’s your name?
Mi nombre es Aurilu Yo soy Alfredo ¿Cuál es tu nombre?
Introducing others / Presentando a otros Informal This is (Susan)
Esta es (Susan)
She is (Mirian)
Ella es (Mirian)
He is (Carlos)
El es (Carlos)
Nice to meet you
Encantado (a) de conocerte
Nice to meet you too
Encantado (a) de conocerte también
Example: A: Peter this is Marlene
Pedro esta es Marlene
B: Hi Marlene, I’m Peter
Hola Marlene, Soy Pedro
C: Hi Peter, Nice to meet you
Hola Pedro, Encantada de conocerte
B: Nice to meet you too
Encantado de conocerte también
Formal Let me introduce you to…
Permitame presentarle a…
How do you do?
Encantado de conocerle (How do you do?, en este caso es utilizado como una respuesta más que como una pregunta y debe obtener una respuesta con la misma expresión)
Glad to meet you
Encantado de conocerle
It’s a pleasure to meet you
Es un placer conocerte (le)
8
Inglés Básico
Example: A:
Good Morning Mr. Rojas
Buenos Días Sr. Rojas
B:
Good Morning Mr. Perez,
Buenos Días Sr. Pérez
Let me introduce you Miss Cabrera
Permítame presentarle a la Srta. Cabrera
C: How do you do?
Encantada
A: How do you do?
Encantado
Apologize Expressions / Expresiones de Disculpa Giving an Apologize / Dando una disculpa Excuse me
Discúlpame / Discúlpeme
I’m sorry
Lo Siento / Lo Lamento
Pardon Me
Perdóname
Forgive me
Perdóname
I beg your Pardon
Perdóname
Examples: Excuse me for coming late
Discúlpeme por llegar tarde
I’m sorry. Can you repeat?
Lo siento, ¿Puede repetir?
Accepting apologies / Aceptando disculpas Don’t worry
No se preocupe
It’s all right
Está bien
It’s OK
Está bien
No problem
No hay problema
9
Inglés Básico
Example: A:
Excuse me for coming late
Discúlpeme por llegar tarde
B:
That’s OK
Está bien
Expressions for asking permission / Expresiones para pedir permiso Excuse me
Disculpe
May I…?
¿Puedo yo? (Formal)
Can I…?
¿Puedo yo? (Informal)
Would you mind…?
¿Le importaría…?
Example: Excuse me, May I come in?
Disculpe, ¿Puedo entrar?
Excuse me, Can I go out?
Disculpe, ¿Puedo salir?
Giving Permission / Concediendo Permiso Yes, you may
Sí, tu puedes
Yes, you can
Sí, tu puedes
Of course!
Por Supuesto
Sure
Seguro
Example: A:
May I go out?
¿Puedo salir?
B:
Yes, you may
Sí, tú puedes
A:
Thanks
Gracias
10
Inglés Básico
Refusing Permission / Rechazando Permiso You may/can not
No puedes
I’m sorry, you may not
Lo siento, no puedes
Of course not
Por supuesto
Example: A:
May I use your pen?
¿Puedo utilizar tu bolígrafo?
B:
I’m sorry, you may not.
Lo siento, no puedes
Giving Thanks / Dar las gracias Thank you
Gracias (Formal)
Thanks
Gracias (Informal)
Thanks a lot
Muchas Gracias
Thank you very much
Muchísimas gracias
Accepting Thanks / Agradeciendo You’re welcome
De nada
That’s OK
Está bien
That’s all right
Está bien
Don’t mention it
No hay de que
Forget it!
Olvidalo
Not at all!
Por nada
11
Inglés Básico
Example: A:
Can you lend me your pencil?
¿Puedes prestarme tu lapiz?
B:
Sure
Seguro
A:
Thank you very much
Muchísimas gracias
B:
You’re welcome
De nada
Pronouns / Pronombres
Plural
Singular
Personal Pronouns (Pronombres Personales) I Yo
Possessives Adjectives (Adjetivos Posesivos) My Mi, mis
You
Tú / Usted
Your
Su, sus
He
El
His
Su, sus
She
Ella
Her
Su, sus
It
Eso (a) / Esto (a)
Its
Su, sus
We
Nosotros (as)
Our
Nuestro
You
Ustedes
Your
Su, sus
They
Elllos / Ellas
Their
Su, sus
El Pronombre Personal IT es utilizado sólo para animales o cosas en singular, y en plural se utiliza el pronombre personal They que es usado para personas, animales y cosas. Las formas posesivas utilizadas como adjetivos siempre preceden al nombre que modifican. Además como todos los adjetivos en Inglés, tienen la misma forma en el singular y el plural.
12
Inglés Básico
Example: This is my apartment
Este es mi apartamento
Mary is in her house
María está en su casa
John is in his car
José está en su carro
Information Questions / Preguntas Informativas
Information Questions Your What´s (what is)
His
Name?
her
Answers / Respuestas My His Her
Vocabulary / Vocabulario Circle
Círculo
Complete
Completar
Come
Venir
Come in
Entrar
Example
Ejemplo
Exercise
Ejercicio
Farewells
Despedidas
Go
Ir
Go out
Salir
Greetings
Saludos
Listen
Escuchar
Miss.
Señorita
Mrs.
Señora
13
Alice name´s (name is)
Juan Marlene
Inglés Básico
Mr.
Señor
Speak
Hablar
Point
Señalar
Read
Leer
Use
Utilizar / Usar
Verbs
Verbos
Write
Escribir
Cardinal Numbers from 0 to 10 / Números cardinales de 0 a 10 0
Zero
Cero
1
One
Uno
2
Two
Dos
3
Three
Tres
4
Four
Cuatro
5
Five
Cinco
6
Six
Seis
7
Seven
Siete
8
Eight
Ocho
9
Nine
Nueve
10
Ten
Diez
14
Inglés Básico
Exercise 1 Listen, read and practice / Escuche, lea y practique
- Hi, I’m Marlene - Hi, Marlene. My name is Dellys
- Hello, Mr. López. - Hello, Mr. Rojas. How do you do?.
Informal Greeting (Saludo Informal)
Formal Greeting (Saludo Formal)
Exercise 2 Written practice Complete this dialogue. Use greeting and good bye expressions. Complete este diálogo. Utilice expresiones de Saludos y Despedidas. A:
___________________ evening, students.
B:
Good ______________, teacher.
A:
___________________ are you?
B:
Fine, _______________ and you?
A:
____________________ thank you.
B:
Good _______________, students.
15
Inglés Básico
A:
See ________ ________, teacher.
Exercise 3 Read and practice / Lea y Practique.
- Martin, this is Marleny - Marleny, this is Martin. - Hi, Marleny. Nice to meet you. - Nice to meet you, too.
- Mr. Lima this is Mr. Rojas. - Mr. Rojas this is Mr. Lima - How do you do Mr. Rojas?. - How do you do Mr. Lima?
Formal introduction Presentación Formal
Informal introduction Presentación Informal
Exercise 4 Complete the conversation with greetings / Complete la conversación con saludos. Dellys:
Alice
Alice:
Dellys
16
Inglés Básico
Exercise 5 Write a dialogue introducing someone / Escriba un dialogo presentando a alguien.
Exercise 6 Write a dialogue greeting someone / Escriba un dialogo saludando a alguien.
17
Inglés Básico
Exercise 7 Read and practice / Lea y practique
A. Excuse me. Can I use your pen? B. Sorry, you can’t
A. Pardon me! May I use your dictionary? B. Yes, you may. A. Thanks a lot
Exercise 8 Read and practice / Lea y practique A. I’m sorry B. That’s all right
A. Pardon me B. That’s O.K.
18
Inglés Básico
Exercise 9 Read and practice. / Lea y practique
- May I come in? - Yes, you may - Thanks
- Can I go out? - Yes, you can
Exercise 10 Fill in the blanks with the possessive adjectives / Llene los espacios en blanco con los posesivos adjetivos. Example:
Mary is in her room
Anibal is in __________ house We are in __________ classroom The children are in __________ School Exercise 11 Complete the numbers. Complete los números One, two, _________, _________, _________, six, _________, _________, nine, _________.
19
Inglés Básico
Self-evaluation / Autoevaluación
A. Greeting People / Saludando Personas Complete the dialogue with the next expressions. Follow the example. / Complete el diálogo con las siguientes expresiones. Siga el ejemplo.
Expressions:
Thanks – Hi! – Good Morning – Thank you – How are you? Fine – I am very well
Example / Ejemplo: Hi
Roberto Fidel Roberto:
, Fidel.
Hello
, Roberto. How are you?
Fine, Thanks.
Dialogue 1 Aura: Mario:
(a)
, Mario
(c)
(b)
?
(d)
Dialogue 2 Dr. Castillo: Mr. Lima:
(a)
Mr. Lima.
Good Morning
Dr. Castillo.
(b) Dr. Castillo:
?
(c)
(d)
B. Underline the correct answer for each greeting / Subraye la respuesta correcta para cada saludo.
20
Inglés Básico
Example: Hello, Simón
a) Thanks b) Hi, Antonio c)
1)
Thank you, and you
Good morning, Miss Castro
a) Thank you b) Good morning c) Hello, Carlos
2)
Hello Pedro
a) Fine b) Thanks c) Hi, Lucy
3)
Good morning, Mrs. Rojas
a) Thank you b) Good morning c) Good morning Mrs. Rojas
4)
Sorry
a) Thanks b) It’s O.K. c) Nice to meet you
5)
Forgive me!
a) Glad to meet you b) Thank you c) It’s all right
21
Inglés Básico
6)
I’m very sorry!
a) That’s O.K. b) Hello c) Fine, thanks
C. Complete this dialogue with the greetings and farewell expressions. / Complete el diálogo con expresiones de saludos y despedidas. A:
Good (a) _______________Mr. Campos!
B:
Good Afternoon Mr. Guzmán. (b) _______________?
A:
I am very well, thank (c) _______________, and you?
B:
I am (d) _______________, (e) _______________.
A:
OK. See you (f) _______________
B:
Good (g) _______________
D. Put in order the words below to make a question./ Coloque en orden las palabras de abajo para hacer una pregunta. Example: I - in - go - can - ? Can I go in? a) in - May - come - I - ? _____________________________________________________________ b) Can - me - I - Excuse - use - book - your - ? _____________________________________________________________ c) your - May - use - pencil - I - ? _____________________________________________________________ E. Write the numbers from one to ten / Escriba los números del uno al diez. _________, _________, _________, _________, _________, _________, _________, _________, _________ .
22
Inglés Básico
Answers to Self-evaluation / Respuestas a la Autoevaluación
A)
B)
C)
Dialogue 1
Dialogue 2
a) Hi / Hello
a) Good Morning
b) How are you
b) How are you?
c) Fine
c) I am very well
d) Thanks
d) Thank you
1)
b
2)
c
3)
b
4)
b
5)
c
6)
a
a) Afternoon b) How are you? c) You d) Fine / Very well / OK / Pretty Good e) Thanks f) Later g) Bye
D)
a) May I come in? b) Excuse me Can I use your book? c) May I use your pencil?
E)
One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten
23
Inglés Básico
Written Work / Trabajo Escrito Write a ten (10) lines dialogue using the following expressions / Escriba un diálogo de 10 líneas utilizando las siguientes expresiones. -
Greetings
-
Introducing someone
-
Accepting apologies
-
Giving thanks
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24
Inglés Básico
Unidad II
Verbo to Be (Presente Simple)
Objetivo Terminal
Construir oraciones en Inglés, en forma oral y escrita utilizando el verbo to be en presente simple.
Contenido Uso del verbo to Be en presente simple Elementos de la oración Sujeto Pronombres Sustantivos Artículos Definidos (the) Indefinidos (an, a) Alfabeto en Inglés
Información de la unidad El verbo To Be (ser o estar) se presenta en las oraciones de las siguientes formas: am - are - is en tiempo presente. El sujeto de la oración, tal como sucede en castellano es de quien se habla en la oración. El pronombre es el elemento de la oración que puede sustituir al nombre o sustantivo. El sustantivo es el elemento referido a personas, animales o cosas dentro de la oración.
25
Inglés Básico
El adjetivo es el elemento que puede acompañar al sustantivo para describirlo o asignarle una cualidad. Examples: I am a teacher. (Yo soy un profesor.) You are a student. (Yo soy un estudiante.) He is tall. (El es alto.) She is beautiful. (Ella es bella.) It is good. (Eso es bueno.) We are in the living room. (Nosotros estamos en el recibo.) You are from Caracas. (Tu eres de Caracas.) They are players. (Ellos son jugadores.)
26
Inglés Básico
Grammar / Gramática Verb To Be
Contraction
Pronombres Personales
Verbo Ser o Estar
Contracciones
I
Am
I’m
You
Are
You’re
He
Is
He’s
She
Is
She’s
It
Is
It’s
We
Are
We’re
You
Are
You’re
They
Are
They’re
Plural
Singular
Personal Pronouns
Nota: El apóstrofe(‘) se utiliza para la contracción de los pronombres con el verbo to be, ejemplo: I am
=
I’m
Questions with the Verb To Be / Preguntas con el Verbo Ser o Estar Yes, no questions (Preguntas Si / No)
Possible answers (Posibles Respuestas)
Are you a student?
Yes, I am
Are you from Maracay?
No, I’m not. I’m from Caracas.
Is Jane an artist?
Yes, she is
Is Paul Tall?
No, he isn’t
Is the class interesting?
Yes, it is
Are they friends?
No, they aren’t
27
Inglés Básico
Example: Are you single? Yes, I am or No I’m not. Sentences Structure / Estructura de la Oración I
am
a
Student
(Pronoun)
(Verb)
(Article)
(Noun)
Pronombre
Verbo
Artículo
Sustantivo
I
am
from
Brazil
(Pronoun)
(Verb)
(Preposition)
(Noun)
Pronombre
Verbo
Preposición
Sustantivo
She
is
beautiful
(Pronoun)
(Verb)
(Adjective)
Pronombre
Verbo
Adjetivo
Los sustantivos en inglés pueden ser masculinos, femeninos o neutros: Son masculinos los nombres de varones y los de animales de sexo masculino Son femeninos los nombres de mujeres y los de animales de sexo femenino Son neutros los nombres de objetos inanimados El género de los sustantivos no afecta ni al artículo ni al adjetivo que los acompañan, ya que estos no varían de forma. Por ejemplo: The red car
El carro rojo
The red cars
Los carros rojos
28
Inglés Básico
Pero en cambio, si hay que tener en cuenta el género del sustantivo a la hora de sustituirlo por un pronombre personal: The boy is here
He is here
El niño está aquí
Él está aquí.
The car is big
It is big
El carro es grande Este es grande
El plural de los sustantivos se forma añadiendo "s" a la forma singular: Cat
–
Cats
Gato
–
Gatos
Dog
–
Dogs
Perro
–
Perros
Pero si el sustantivo finaliza en "o", "ch", "sh", "ss", "x", para formar el plural hay que añadir "-es": Box
–
Boxes
Caja
–
Cajas
Potato
–
Potatoes
Papa
–
Papas
Y si finaliza por "y", tras una consonante, el plural se forma eliminando esta "y" y añadiendo la terminación "-ies": Copy
–
Copies
Copia
–
Copias
Lady
–
Ladies
Dama
–
Damas
Cuando el sustantivo termina en “-f” o “-fe”, el plural se forma eliminando estas y añadiendo la terminación “ves” Wife
–
Wives
Esposa
–
Esposas
Wolf
–
Wolves
Lobo
–
Lobos
29
Inglés Básico
Algunas palabras en inglés tan sólo tienen la forma plural: Pants
Pantalones
Scissors
Tijeras
Glasses
Lentes
Otras, en cambio, tan sólo tienen forma singular: Beauty
Belleza
Oil
Petróleo
Gold
Oro
Fish
Pescado
Existen también algunos plurales que son irregulares. A continuación se listan algunos de ellos: Man
–
Men
Hombre
–
Hombres
Woman
–
Women
Mujer
–
Mujeres
Tooth
–
Teeth
Diente
–
Dientes
Foot
–
Feet
Pie
–
Pies
Mouse
–
Mice
Ratón
–
Ratones
Child
–
Children
Niño
–
Niños
Goose
–
Geese
Ganso
–
Gansos
Articles / Artículos Definite Article / Artículo Definido En inglés se utiliza el Artículo The como el equivalente en español de “El, la, los, las” para personas o cosas específicas. Por ejemplo: Ana is the teacher in that school
30
Ana es la profesora en esa escuela
Inglés Básico
Indefinite Article El artículo indefinido en Inglés está representado por “a” o “an”, ambas significan en castellano “un, una” para personas o cosas en general. Se utiliza “a” antes de un sustantivo que inicie en consonante. Por ejemplo: Ana is a teacher
Ana es una profesora
Se utiliza “an” antes de un sustantivo que inicie con una vocal o una letra con sonido semivocálico. Por ejemplo: Jose is an engineer
José es un ingeniero
The Alphabet / El Alfabeto Capital Letters and Small Letters / Letras Mayúsculas y Letras Minúsculas Aa
Bb
Cc
Dd
Ee
Ff
Gg
Hh
Ii
Jj
Kk
Ll
Mm
Nn
Oo
Pp
Qq
Rr
Ss
Tt
Uu
Vv
Ww
Xx
Yy
Zz
31
Inglés Básico
EXERCISES / EJERCICIOS Exercise 1 Complete the sentences with the Verb To Be in Simple Present. Complete las oraciones con el Verbo Ser o Estar en Presente Simple. Example: Rosita is _______is_________ an excellent engineer. 1.
Fernando
and
Isabel
________________
doctors.
They
________________ from Venezuela. 2.
Caracas ________________ a big City
3.
Pedro and I ________________ Venezuelans
4.
John ________________ a good student
Exercise 2 Complete the sentences using the personal pronouns. Complete las oraciones utilizando los pronombres personales. Example: (Maria)
__She__ is a beautiful girl
1.
(Rose and Helen)
________________ are good friends
2.
(The Dog)
________________ is a nice animal
3.
(Mary and I)
________________ are neighbors
4.
(Juan)
________________ is my friend
Exercise 3 Complete the sentences. Use the Definite or Indefinite article. Complete las oraciones. Utilice el Artículo Definido o Indefinido.
32
Inglés Básico
Example: Jane is __a__ nurse 1.
________________ Supervisor is Pedro Diaz.
2.
Peter is ________________ Doctor at the Central Hospital.
3.
________________ Secretaries in my company are beautiful.
4.
He’s a teacher. He’s ________________ man.
5.
John is ________________ actor.
6.
John is from ________________ United States
7.
Alfred is ________________ engineer
Exercise 4 Practice the alphabet orally. Practique el alfabeto de forma oral.
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
q
r
s
t
u
v
w
x
y
z
33
Inglés Básico
Exercise 5 Practice the dialogue. Practique el dialogo.
A.
What’s your name, please?
B.
Pedro Yanez
A.
Can you spell your name?
B.
Y - a - n - e - z
A.
And your first name?
B.
P - e - d -r - o
Exercise 6 Practice the dialogue. Practique el dialogo.
A.
What’s your name, please?
B.
José Tovar
A.
T - o - v - a - r?
B.
Yes, That’s right
34
Inglés Básico
Vocabulary / Vocabulario Adjectives Bad Beautiful Big Doctor Engineer Fat Good Married Last name Name Nurse Occupations Of Course Second name Secretary Short Single Small Student Tall Teacher Thin Ugly
Adjetivos Malo (a) Hermoso (a) Grande Doctor (a) Ingeniero (a) Gordo (a) Bueno (a) Casado (a) Apellido Enfermero Nombre Ocupaciones Por supuesto Segundo nombre Secretaria (o) Bajo (a) Soltero (a) Pequeño (a) Estudiante Alto (a) Profesor(a) Delgado (a) Feo (a)
Cardinal Numbers from 11 to 20 / Números cardinales de 11 a 20 11
Eleven
Once
12
Twelve
Doce
13
Thirteen
Trece
14
Fourteen
Catorce
15
Fifteen
Quince
16
Sixteen
Dieciseis
17
Seventeen
Diecisiete
18
Eighteen
Dieciocho
19
Nineteen
Diecinueve
20
Twenty
Veinte
35
Inglés Básico
Self-evaluation / Autoevaluación A. Ask and answer. Follow the example / Pregunte y responda. Siga el ejemplo. Example: (Peter / tall)
Is Peter tall? Yes, he is
(Lucia / beautiful
1.
?
Yes, (Cindy and John / young)
2.
?
No, (Joseph / tall )
3.
?
No, (You and I / friends)
4.
?
Yes, B. Complete the dialogue. Use the correct form of the Verb to Be and the personal pronoun where necessary. Complete el dialogo. Utilice la forma correcta del Verbo ser o estar y el Pronombre personal donde sea necesario.
Example: Mr. Lares isn’t a bad singer He’s a good singer Alex:
Hello, Is this the English Language school?
Betty:
Yes, ____________________. May I help you?
Alex:
I like some, information about your program, please
Betty:
Of course
36
Inglés Básico
Alex:
____________________ the class small?
Betty:
No, ____________________. We are about 25 people in class
Alex:
____________________ the teachers experienced?
Betty:
Yes, ____________________. They are excellent teachers
Alex:
Thank you very much
37
Inglés Básico
Answers to Self-evaluation / Respuestas a la Autoevaluación A. 1. Is Lucia beautiful?
Yes, she is
2. Are Cindy and John young? No, they aren’t 3. Is Joseph tall?
No, he isn’t
4. Are we friends?
Yes, we are
B. Betty: Alex: Betty: Alex: Betty:
It is (it’s) is We aren’t Are They are
38
Inglés Básico
Written Work / Trabajo Escrito Write a paragraph and describe some members of your neighborhood. Escriba un párrafo y describa algunos miembros de su vecindario.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
39
Inglés Básico
Unidad III
Estructuras que expresan existencia y cantidad
Objetivo Terminal
Expresar en inglés, de forma oral y escrita, estructuras que indiquen existencia y cantidad en tiempo presente.
Contenido Uso del there is, there are Estructuras interrogativas Estructuras afirmativas Estructuras negativas Respuestas cortas y largas Uso del how many, how much Adverbios de cantidad Contables No contables Preposiciones
Información de la unidad En inglés existen formas de decir hay, estas son: there is y there are. There is se usa cuando queremos expresar la existencia de una sola persona, animal o cosa, es decir en singular, por Ejemplo: There is a book on the table (Hay un libro sobre la mesa).
40
Inglés Básico
There are se utiliza cuando se desea expresar la existencia de más de una persona, animal o cosa, es decir, en plural, por ejemplo: There are three pencils on the desk (Hay tres lápices sobre el escritorio). Para preguntar acerca de cantidades y valor se utilizan las estructuras de How many y How much.
How much es utilizado para determinar la
cantidad en singular de cosas que no pueden ser contadas como el agua, el aire, la comida e igualmente para preguntar por el precio o costo de algo, por ejemplo: How much water is there in the glass? (¿Cuánta agua hay en el vaso?) How much is this cheese sandwich? (¿Cuánto es este sándwich de queso?) How many es utilizado para preguntar por cantidades en plural (personas, animales, cosas), por ejemplo: How many chairs are there in the classroom? (¿Cuántas sillas hay en el salón de clase?)
41
Inglés Básico
Grammar / Gramática There is / There are Singular
Plural
Affirmative
There is
There are
Negative
There isn’t
There aren’t
Interrogative
Is there?
Are there?
Short Answers
Yes, There is No, There isn’t
Yes, there are No, there aren’t
Countable Nouns (contables) Singular
Uncountable Nouns (no contables) cream
Plural
a tomato
Tomatoes
sugar
a can of soup
cans of soup
coffee
a chair
Chairs
water
one book
Books
Juice
Some / any Countable Nouns
Uncountable Nouns
Sustantivos Contables
Sustantivos Incontables
Affirmative
There are some lemons.
There’s some orange juice.
Negative
There aren’t any eggs.
There isn’t any chicken.
Interrogative
Are there any sandwiches?
Is there any milk?
How much? / How many? Countable Nouns
Uncountable Nouns
How many apples are there on the How much sugar is there in the table?
cup?
42
Inglés Básico
Prepositions / Preposiciones
in
on
(en, dentro de)
at
(en, sobre de)
(en, a un lado de)
Examples: -
The students are in the classroom.
-
The book is on the table.
-
The man is at the door.
Preparing food / Preparando comida
Exercise 1 Read and practice the conversation. Lea y practique la conversación Marlene: OK. We need two hundred grams of flour Alice:
Yes. There’s some flour in the cupboard
Marlene: Are there any eggs? Alice:
Yes. I think there are three eggs in the fridge
Marlene: Are there any lemons there, too? Alice: Marlene.
There aren’t any lemons. Oh, sorry, there is one OK. There’s some milk and some butter in the fridge too
43
Inglés Básico
Alice:
Right. Oh no! There isn’t any sugar!
Marlene:
Yes, there is. It’s on the table.
Exercise 2 Look at the picture above and make ten negative and affirmative sentences about it. Vea la figura de abajo y haga diez oraciones negativas y afirmativas acerca de ella. Example:
There’s some milk. There isn’t any coffee
______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
44
Inglés Básico
Exercise 3 Write There’s
or There are. Escriba There’s o There are
Example: There are
two knives in the kitchen.
1-
a new camera on the table.
2-
a big clock on the wall.
3-
two oranges in the box.
4-
five CDs in the CD player.
5-
two telephones on the desk.
6-
six people in the family.
7-
a big television in the room.
8-
two suitcases on the floor.
9-
three books on the shelf.
Exercise 4 Look at the picture, then answer the question. Vea la foto, luego responda a las preguntas.
45
Inglés Básico
What is there in the picture? Example: There is a digital camera in the picture. There are books in the picture. 1234Exercise 5 Look at the picture, and then write a list of the things in it. Vea la foto, luego escriba una lista de cosas en ella.
______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
46
Inglés Básico
______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
Exercise 6 Ask and answer the questions: Is there…? / Are there…?. (Use the list from exercise 5). Pregunte y responda a las preguntas Is there…? / Are there…?. (Utilice la lista del ejercicio 5) Example:
Is there a computer on your list? Yes, there is a computer on my list. No, there isn’t a computer on my list.
Continue with the rest of the things / Continúe con el resto de las cosas.
47
Inglés Básico
Exercise Nº 7 Answer these questions, affirmative or negative. Responda a las preguntas afirmativa o negativamente Example:
Is there a cow in the classroom? Yes, There is a cow in the classroom No, there isn’t a cow in the classroom
1. Are there three doors in the house?
________________________
2. Are there secretaries in that office?
________________________
3. Is there a boy in your house?
________________________
4. Is there any milk in the refrigerator?
________________________
5. Are there any lemons in the fridge?
________________________
6. Are there any sandwiches on the table? ________________________ 7. Is there any flour on the table?
________________________
8. Is there a lemon in the fridge?
________________________
9. Are there any horses in your house?
________________________
Exercise 8 Complete with: How much or How many. Complete con Cuanto o Cuántos. Example:
1 2 3 4
How much sugar is there in your coffee? milk is there in the glass? cars are there in the garage? men are there in your house? money is there in your pocket?
48
Inglés Básico
Exercise 9 Answer the following questions. Responda a las siguientes preguntas. Example:
How many people are there in your family? There are five people in my family
1. How much sugar is there in your coffee? ___________________________________________________________ 2. How many bathrooms are there in your house? ___________________________________________________________ 3. How much coffee is there in your cup? ___________________________________________________________ 4. How many children are there in that school? ___________________________________________________________
49
Inglés Básico
Vocabulary / Vocabulario Any Apple At Bathroom Big Black beans Book Box Bread Breakfast Bunch of grapes Butter Camera Can Carrot CD CD player Chair Chicken Clock Coffee Cream Cup Cupboard Desk Dinner Dish Egg Family Floor Flour Fridge Fried banana Fruit Glasses Grams House How much? In Juice Kitchen Knife Lemon
Ninguno (a), ningunos (as) Manzana En Baño Grande Caraotas Libro Caja Pan Desayuno Racimo de uvas Mantequilla Cámara Lata Zanahoria Disco Compacto Equipo de sonido con CD Silla Pollo Reloj de pared Café Crema Taza Gabinete Escritorio Cena Plato Huevo Familia Piso Harina Refrigerador Tajada Fruta Lentes, espejuelos Gramos Casa Cuánto? Cuánta? En, dentro de Jugo Cocina Cuchillo Limón
50
Inglés Básico
Lunch Meat Microwave Milk Mushroom Notebook Office On Orange Orange juice Papaya People Picture Plate Potato Rice Salad Sandwich School Scramble eggs Shelf Some Soup Spoon Sugar Suitcase Table Telephone Television Tomato Water
Almuerzo Carne Microondas Leche Champiñones, hongos Cuaderno Oficina Sobre de Naranja Jugo de naranja Lechosa Gente, personas, población Cuadro, foto Plato Papa Arroz Ensalada Emparedado Escuela Huevos revueltos Estante Alguno (a), algunos (a) Sopa Cucharilla Azúcar Maleta Mesa Teléfono Televisión Tomate Agua
51
Inglés Básico
Numbers / Números Treinta Cuarenta Cincuenta Sesenta Setenta Ochenta Noventa Cien Mil Diez Mil Cien Mil Un Millón
Thirty Forty Fifty Sixty Seventy Eighty Ninety One Hundred One Thousand Ten Thousand One Hundred Thousand One Million
52
Inglés Básico
Self-evaluation / Autoevaluación
A.
Look at the picture and write three questions / Vea la foto y escriba tres preguntas
Breakfast / Desayuno
Example : Is there any glass on the table? 1. 2. 3.
B.
Look at the picture and answer the following questions / Vea la foto y responda a las siguientes preguntas.
Lunch / Almuerzo
53
Inglés Básico
Example:
Is there any fruit on the table? No, there isn’t any fruit on the table
1. Is there any papaya juice for lunch? ________________________________________________________ 2. Is there any chicken on the plate? ________________________________________________________ 3. Is there any salad on the plate? ________________________________________________________ 4. Are there any black beans on the plate? ________________________________________________________ 5. Is there any lettuce on the plate? ________________________________________________________ 6. Are there any potatoes on the plate? ________________________________________________________ 7. Is there any carrot on the plate? ________________________________________________________ 8. Is there any bread on the plate? ________________________________________________________ 9. Is there any corn flakes for lunch? ________________________________________________________ C.
Look at the picture and answer the questions / Vea la foto y responda las siguientes preguntas.
54
Inglés Básico
Example:
How much bread is there in the picture? There’s some bread in the picture
1. How much cheese is there in the picture? ________________________________________________________ 2. How many tomatoes are there in the picture? ________________________________________________________ 3. How much meat is there in the picture? ________________________________________________________ 4. How many potatoes are there in the picture? ________________________________________________________
55
Inglés Básico
Answers to Self-evaluation / Respuestas a la Autoevaluación
A.
1- Is there any juice on the table? 2- Are there any cookies on the table? 3- Is there any dish on the table?
B.
1- No, there isn’t any papaya juice for lunch. 2- Yes, there is some chicken on the plate. 3- Yes, there is some salad on the plate. 4- No, there aren’t any black beans on the plate. 5- Yes, there is some lettuce on the plate. 6- Yes, there are some potatoes on the plate. 7- Yes, there is some carrot on the plate. 8- No, there isn’t any bread on the plate. 9- No, there isn’t any corn flake for lunch.
C.
1- There is a piece of cheese in the picture. 2- There are three potatoes in the picture. 3- There is some meat on the table. 4- There are two tomatoes in the picture.
56
Inglés Básico
Written Work / Written Work / Trabajo Escrito Write 15 negative and affirmative sentences about The Vacation Hotel. Use there is - there isn’t, there are - there aren’t. (Escriba 15 oraciones negativas y afirmativas acerca del Hotel de Vacaciones. Utilice there is - there isn’t, there are - there aren’t.)
The Vacation Hotel In each room:
At the hotel:
- Bathroom
- Two restaurants
- Two beds
- Four tennis court
- A television
- Two parking lots
- Air conditioner
Other facilities / Otras Comodidades - A radio
- Beach
- Refrigerator
-Bank
- Cellular phone - CD Player and VCR - Swimming pool - Gift shops - Golf fields
57
Inglés Básico
Unidad IV Descripción de personas, cosas lugares
y
Objetivo Terminal
Describir en el idioma Inglés personas, cosas y lugares en forma oral y escrita.
Contenido Descripción de la casa, el salón de clases, oficina, lugares, personas. Identificación de países, nacionalidades, idiomas. Relaciones familiares. Posesivos (‘s). Preguntas de información. Días de la semana, meses.
Información de la unidad En el idioma Inglés usamos adjetivos para dscribir personas, animals y cosas, ejemplo: Big (grande) Tall (alto) Blue ( azul) A diferencia del español, los adjetivos va ubicados antes del sustantivo, ejemplo: This is a beautiful house. (Esta es una casa bella.)
56
Inglés Básico
También pueden ir ubicados después del verbo, al final de una oración, ejemplo: María is intelligent. (María es inteligente.) Para indagar la procedencia de las personas se pregunta Where are you from? (¿De donde eres?) es muy importante que se use la preposición from en es6a presgunta, ya que su omisión cambiaría totalmente el significado de la misma. Ejemplo: Where are you? ( Donde estas?) Where are you from? (¿De donde eres?) El posesivo (‘s) es usado para indicar pertenencia, este se agrega al sustantivo, ejemplo: Miriam’s car. (El carro de Miriam) Podemos observar mediante el ejemplo que el sustantivo va en primer lugar y lo que se posee en segundo lugar. Es importante no confundir el posesivo (‘s) con la contracción del verbo to be, ejemplo: Miriam’s a student. ( Miriam es una estudiante. Miriam’s students (Los estudiantes de Miriam) Por otra parte si el sustantivo termina en “s” solo agregamos el apóstrofe (‘s), ejemplo: Luis’ dog. (El perro de Luis.) The students’ classrrom. (El salón de clase de los estudiantes.)
57
Inglés Básico
Existen en Inglés las llamadas preguntas de información, que se usan para obtener una información determinada, ejemplo: a)
What is your name? (¿Cuál es tu nombre?) Josefina.
b)
How are you? (¿Como estás?) Fine.
58
Inglés Básico
Grammar / Gramática Adjectives / Adjetivos Questions / Preguntas What
‘s is are
it
Like?
they
Answers / Respuestas It They
‘s is ‘re are
beautiful big fast blue new
Ejemplo: It’s big. (Esto es grande.) It’s a big car. (Este es un carro grande.) They’re big. (Ellos son grandes.) They’re big cars. (Ellos son carros grandes.) Nota: Observe que los adjetivos en Inglés no tienen formas plurales. Questions / Preguntas What color
is it? are they?
Answers / Respuestas It They
‘s is ‘re are
red, yellow, green, etc.
59
Inglés Básico
Questions / Preguntas What kind
is it? are they?
Answers / Respuestas It They
‘s ‘re
a Corvette Corvettes
Country / País
Nationality Nacionalidad
Venezuela Colombia Brazil Cuba Portugal England The United States
Venezuelan Colombian Brazilian Cuban Portuguese British American
/ Language / Idioma
Spanish Spanish Portuguese Spanish Portuguese English English
Adjectives / Adjetivos Colors / Colores White Black Orange Green Yellow Gray Red Pink Blue Gold Silver Purple Brown
Blanco Negro Anaranjado Verde Amarillo Gris Rojo Rosado Azul Dorado Plateado Morado Marrón
60
Inglés Básico
Other adjectives / Otros adjetivos
Short Long High Beautiful Ugly Fast New Old
Bajo / corto Largo Alto Bello Feo Rápido Nuevo viejo
Parts of a house / Partes de una casa Bedroom Living room Bathroom Kitchen Dinning room
Habitación Sala o recibo Baño Cocina Comedor
Classroom / Salón de clases Students Board Desk Teacher Marker Eraser Book Notebook Workbook File Paper Dictionary Pencil Pen Air conditioner
Estudiantes Pizarra Escritorio Profesor Marcador Borrador Libro Cuaderno Llibro de tarea Carpeta Papel Dicionario Lápiz Bolígrafo Acondicionador de aire
61
Inglés Básico
Possesives / Posesivos Peter’s family
José & Cristina
Robert
Ana
Patty
David
Carlos
Miriam
Peter
Kelly
This is Peter’s family. José is his grandfather. Cristina is his grandmother. Ana is his aunt and Robert is his uncle. Robert is Ana’s husband. Ana is Robert’s wife. Patty is Robert and Ana’s daughter. She is Peter’s cousin. David and Miriam are his parents. David is his father and Miriam is his mother. Carlos is Peter’s brother and Kelly is his sister.
Nota: ver significado de las palabras subrayadas en el vocabulario.
62
Inglés Básico
Questions words / Palabras interrogativas What (¿Qué o cual?)
What’s your name?
My name is Miriam.
When (¿Cuándo?)
When’s your birthday?
My birthday is in July.
Where (¿Dónde?)
Where are you?
I’m at home.
Who (¿Quién?)
Who is your mother?
Cristina.
How (¿Cómo?)
How are you?
Fine, thanks
Days of the week / Días de la semana Sunday
Domingo
Monday
Lunes
Tuesday
Martes
Wednesday
Miércoles
Thursday
Jueves
Friday
Viernes
Saturday
Sábado
63
Inglés Básico
Months of the year / Meses del año January
Enero
February
Febrero
March
Marzo
April
Abril
May
Mayo
June
Junio
July
Julio
August
Agosto
September
Septiembre
October
Octubre
November
Noviembre
December
Diciembre
64
Inglés Básico
Exercise 1 Write a short paragraph about your house. Example: My house is big. It′s a beautiful house. There are 3 bedrooms. They are big. The kitchen is small. There are 7 chairs in the living room. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Exercise 2 Read the following paragraph and identify the adjectives that describe the office and the classroom. 1. Our office is big. There are four small desks and two chairs. There′s a computer and 1 file, the file is brown. There are two pictures. They are very beautiful.
2. How is your classroom? (Describe your classroom).
65
Inglés Básico
Exercise 3 Practice the dialogues 1)
A: Where are you from? B: I′m from India, and you? A: I′m from Venezuela
2)
A: Where is Nancy from? B: She’s from Canada.
3)
A: Laura, where are you and Ricardo from? B: We′re from Cuba A: Oh, Are you from la Habana? B: Yes, we are A: And the Garcías?. B: They′re from Mexico.
Exercise 4 Read and answer the questions / Lea y responda las preguntas. Vancouver is a city in Canada. It′s on the pacific Ocean. The city is wonderful. It′s clean. Almost three quarters of the population are of British ancestry. Other ethnic groups are east Indians. The food in Vancouver is varied and delicious. It′s a nice place for a vacation. 1.
Where is Vancouver? ________________________________________________________
2.
Is Canada a city? ________________________________________________________
3.
Is Vancouver on the Atlantic Ocean? ________________________________________________________
4.
Is Vancouver a wonderful city? ________________________________________________________
66
Inglés Básico
Exercise 5 Write your family’s names. (Escribe los nombres de tu familia.) Grandmother
__________________
Grandfather
__________________
Father
__________________
Mother
__________________
Brother
__________________
Sister
__________________
Daughter
__________________
Aunt
__________________
Niece
__________________
Nephew
__________________
Uncle
__________________
Exercise 6 Underline the possessives in the following sentences. Example: Pedro’s mother is a writer. 1. Pedro is with his dog. 2. The dogs’ food is on the table. 3. The dogs are in the garage. 4. Mary’s twenty years old. 5. The girls’ cousin are Fred and Tom. 6. The girls are dancing.
67
Inglés Básico
Vocabulary / Vocabulario Meeting Country Seat Avenue Street Party Birthday Phone City Ancestry Place Appointment Husband Wife Son Daughter Brother Sister Grandfather Grandmother Uncle Aunt Cousin Niece Nephew
Reunión País/campo Asiento Avenida Calle Fiesta Cumpleaños Teléfono Ciudad Ancestro Lugar Cita Esposo Esposa Hijo Hija Hermano Hermana Abuelo Abuela Tío Tía Primo Sobrina Sobrino
Ordinal numbers 1st.
First (primero)
2nd.
Second (segundo)
rd
3 .
Third (tercero)
4th.
Fourth (cuarto)
5th.
Fifth (quinto)
6th.
Sixth (sexto)
7th.
Seventh (séptimo)
8th.
Eighth (octavo)
th
9 .
Ninth (noveno)
10th.
Tenth (décimo)
68
Inglés Básico
Self-evaluation / Autoevaluación Part I Complete the sentences using the vocabulary about months and days of the week. (Complete las oraciones usando el vocabulario de meses y días de la semana.) Example: The first day of the week is Monday.
1.
____________
is after March.
2.
____________
is the month with less days.
3.
In __________
we celebrate Christmas.
4.
____________ and ____________ are the days of the weekend.
Part II Complete the following sentences. (Complete las siguientes orcaiones.) Example: My brother’s mother is my uncle. 1.
My mother’s father is my
_______________
2.
My father’s brother is my
_______________
3.
My aunt’s daughter are my
_______________
4.
My father and mother are my
_______________
69
Inglés Básico
Part III Complete these sentences with the correct word. Use the words in the box below. (Complete estas oraciones con la palabra correcta. Use las palabras que se encuentran en el recuadro de abajo.) Example: Hugo is from Venezuela. His language is Spanish. Brazil – Spanish – Japan – Mexico – Venezuelan – England – Japanese
1.
Sussy’s language is English. She is from
___________________
2.
Yokosuna is from
___________________
3.
Hideo Nomo’s language is
___________________
4.
Joao is from ____________. His language is Portuguese.
Part IV Complete the sentences with the possessive (‘s). Use the noun in parenthesis. (Complete las oraciones con el posesivo. Use el sustantivo en paréntesis.) Example: Miriam’s students are intelligents. (Miriam) 1.
_____________
car is beautiful. (My father)
2.
_____________
house is big. (Julio)
3.
_____________
friends are nice (The boys)
4.
_____________
birthday is tomorrow (Luis)
5.
_____________
plate is clean (The dogs)
70
Inglés Básico
Answers to Self-evaluation / Respuestas a la Autoevaluación Part I 1.
April
2.
February
3.
December
4.
Saturday – Sunday
Part II 1.
Mother
2.
Grandfather
3.
Uncle
4.
Cousins
5.
Parents
Part III 1.
England
2.
Japan
3.
Japanese
4.
Brazil
Part IV 1.
My father’s
2.
Julio’s
3.
The boys’
4.
Luis’
71
Inglés Básico
Written Work / Trabajo Escrito
1.
Describe a classroom. Use adjectives. (Describe un salón de clases. Use adjetivos.)
2.
Describe your house. (Describe tu casa)
72
Inglés Básico
Unidad V
Presente Continuo
Objetivo Terminal
Construir oraciones en inglés, en forma oral y escrita, utilizando el presente continuo.
Contenido Uso del Tiempo Presente Continuo Estructuras afirmativas Estructuras negativas Estructuras interrogativas Respuestas Cortas Afirmativas y Negativas Respuestas Largas Afirmativas y negativas La hora
Información de la Unidad El presente continuo se forma con el verbo to be + el presente participio del verbo principal de la oración (verbo + ing). El Presente Participio también es llamado gerundio (ing). El “-ing” se forma agregando la partícula ing en la terminación de cada verbo. El gerundio en Castellano equivale a la terminación “-endo”, “-ando. Ejemplo: Work / Working
(Trabajar / Trabajando)
Read / Reading
(Leer / Leyendo)
Cuando queremos preguntar la hora en Inglés, podemos utilizar las siguientes preguntas:
73
Inglés Básico
-
What time is it?
- What’s the time? Y para responder a estas dos preguntas utilizamos la expresión: -
It’s one o’clock.
( 01:00 )
-
It’s a quarter to five.
( 04:45 )
Cuando es la hora y media, se dice: -
It’s half past four.
( 04:45 )
-
It’s half after four.
( 04:30 )
-
It’s four thirty.
( 04:30 )
Cuando faltan 15 minutos para la hora, se dice: -
It’s a quarter to five.
( 04:45 )
-
It’s fifteen minutes to five.
( 04:45 )
-
It’s four forty five.
( 04:45 )
Cuando faltan minutos para la hora, se dice: -
It’s twenty to five.
( 4:40 )
-
It’s four forty.
( 4:40 )
-
It’s ten to five.
( 4:50 )
-
It’s ten past three.
( 03:10 )
-
It’s ten after three.
( 03:10 )
-
It’s twenty past four.
( 04:20 )
-
It’s four twenty.
( 04:20 )
Otras:
74
Inglés Básico
GRAMMAR
Present Continuos Tense / Presente Continuo Afirmative Structures / Estructuras Afirmativas Subject
+
To Be + (Am, are, is)
Verb (-ing)
Examples / Ejemplos: Subject
Verb To Be
Gerund
Complement
(Sujeto)
(Verbo ser o estar)
(Gerundio)
(Complemento)
I Peter We
am is are
reading watching having
a book T.V. lunch
Negative Structures / Estructuras Negativas Subject
+
To Be (Am, are, is)
+
Not
+
Verb (-ing)
Examples / Ejemplos: Subject
Verb To Be
I Peter We
am
Negative
Gerund
Complement
not
reading watching having
a book T.V. lunch
(Negación)
isn’t aren’t
Interrogative Structures / Estructuras Interrogativas To Be + (Am, are, is)
Subject
+
Verb (-ing)
75
+
Complement + ?
Inglés Básico
Examples / Ejemplos: Verb To Be Verbo Ser o Estar Are Is Are
Subject Sujeto you Peter we
Gerund Gerundio reading watching having
Complement Complemento a book T.V. lunch
Affirmative Short Answers / Respuestas Cortas Afirmativas Yes, +
Subject
+
To Be (Am, are, is)
Examples / Ejemplos: Affirmative Afirmación Yes, Yes, Yes,
Subject Sujeto I He We
Verb To Be Verbo Ser o Estar am is are
Negative Short Answers / Respuestas Cortas Afirmativas No,
+
Subject
+
To Be (Am, are, is)
+
not
Examples / Ejemplos: Affirmative Afirmación No, No, No,
Subject Sujeto I He We
76
Verb To Be Verbo Ser o Estar am not isn’t aren’t
? ? ? ?
Inglés Básico
Information Questions / Preguntas Informativas Wh- Question
+ To Be + Subject (Am, are, is)
+
Verb (-ing)
+ ?
Examples / Ejemplos: Wh-Question Pregunta WhWhat Where When
Verb To Be Verbo Ser o Estar Are Is am
Subject Sujeto you Peter I
Gerund Gerundio reading playing leaving
? ? ? ?
Examples / Ejemplos I
am
studying
at INCE. (Estoy estudiando en el INCE)
My father is working now. (Mi padre está trabajando ahora) We are speaking English
in class. (Estamos hablando Inglés en
clase) El gerundio es formado añadiendo la terminación "-ing" al infinitivo: To listen (escuchar)
listening
To hear (oir)
hearing
Si el verbo finaliza con una única "e", esta letra desaparece delante de "-ing": To come (venir)
coming
To write (escribir)
writing
Si el verbo tiene una sola sílaba, y ésta tiene una única vocal y finaliza en una única consonante, entonces esta consonante final se dobla: To cut (cortar)
cutting
To sit (sentarse)
sitting
77
Inglés Básico
Si el verbo tiene dos o más silabas, con el acento sobre la última, y ésta última sílaba contiene una sola vocal y finaliza en una única consonante, entonces esta consonante final también se dobla: To admit (admitir)
admitting
To begin (empezar)
beginning
Si el verbo termina por la consonante "l" detrás de una única vocal, esta consonante "l" se dobla: To cancel (cancelar)
cancelling
To impel (impulsar)
impelling
Si el verbo finaliza en "y", esta letra se mantiene y se le añade la terminación "-ing": To study (estudiar)
studying
To try (intentar)
trying
Read and practice these dialogues (Lea y practique estos diálogos)
Are the children reading a book? (¿Están los niños leyendo un libro?) Yes, they are reading a book. (Si, ellos están leyendo un libro)
78
Inglés Básico
Is Juan working or playing? (¿Está Juan trabajando o jugando?) He is working. (El está trabajando)
Is Juan closing the door?
(¿Esta Juan cerrando la puerta?)
No, he isn’t. He’s fixing the door. (No, el no. El está reparando la puerta)
Where are Peter and Fred walking? (¿Donde están caminando Peter y Fred?) They’re walking in the streets. (Ellos están caminando en las calles)
79
Inglés Básico
What’s Luis doing?
(¿Que está haciendo Luis?)
He’s cooking.
(El está cocinando)
What’s he cooking?
(¿Que está cocinando?)
He’s cooking a barbecue.
(El está cocinando una parrilla)
- Anna:
What’s your teacher doing? (¿Que está haciendo el profesor?)
- Freddy:
He’s talking to the students. (El está hablando a los estudiantes)
- Mary: What’s your brother studying?
(¿Qué está estudiando tu hermano?)
- Paul: He’s studying mathematics.
(El está estudiando matemáticas)
80
Inglés Básico
Read and practice / Lea y Practique -
Is Mary speaking with Ann? Yes, She is.
-
Are you writing? Yes, I am.
-
Is the man wearing jeans? Yes, he is.
-
Are you listening to the teacher? No, I am not.
-
Is Robert drinking juice? No, he isn’t.
Read and practice / Lea y Practique -
Are you working in the school? Yes, I am working in the school.
-
Is Luisa answering the questions? Yes, she is answering the questions.
-
Are you eating a sandwich? No, we aren’t eating a sandwich
-
Is Helen listening to music? No, she isn’t listening to music.
81
Inglés Básico
Exercises
a. Answer in affirmative form Example: Is the man writing? Yes, he is writing 1. Are the children playing trompo?
2. Are you coming to class?
3. Is she playing tennis?
b. Answer in negative form Example: Is he going home? No, he isn’t going home 1. Is the teacher writing on the board?
2. Are they listening to the radio?
82
Inglés Básico
3. Are you speaking French?
c. Answer according with the word in parenthesis Example What’s the girl drinking?
(Milk)
She’s drinking milk 1. What are the children flying? (Kite) _____________________________________________________________ 2. What are you studying now? (English) _____________________________________________________________ 3. What is she playing?
(Volleyball)
83
Inglés Básico
Vocabulary / Vocabulario
VERBS ( Infinitive)
GERUND
(Verbos en Infinitivo)
(Gerundio)
to answer
responder
answering
Respondiendo
to close
cerrar
closing
Cerrando
to come
venir
Coming
Viniendo
to do
hacer
Doing
Haciendo
to drink
tomar, beber
drinking
Tomando, bebiendo
to eat
comer
Eating
Comiendo
to fix
reparar
Fixing
Reparando
to fly
volar
Flying
Volando
to go
ir
Going
Iendo
to open
abrir
Opening
Abriendo
to play
jugar
Playing
Jugando
to ride
montar
Riding
Montando
to sit down
sentarse
Sitting down Sentándose
to speak
hablar
Speaking
Hablando
to stand up
pararse
Standing up
Parándose
to study
estudiar
Studying
Estudiando
to walk
caminar
Walking
Caminando
to watch
ver, observar
Watching
Observando
to wear
llevar puesto
Wearing
Vistiendo
to work
trabajar
Working
Trabajando
to write
escribir
Writing
Escribiendo
84
Inglés Básico
NOUNS OR SUSTANTIVES
(Nombres o sustantivos)
Board
Pizarrón
Child
Niño
Children
Niños
Class
Clase
Example
Example
Exercise
Exercise
Father
Padre
Garage
Garage
Garden
Jardín
Gerund
Gerundio
Girl
Muchacha
Home
Hogar
Jeans
Pantalón de Jean
Kite
Papagayo
Lesson
Lección
Man
Hombre
Mango
Mango
Men
Hombres
Mother
Madre
Nouns
Sustantivos o nombres
Radio
Radio
Sister
Hermana
Street (s)
Calle (s)
Student
Estudiante
Tea
Té
Teacher
Profesor (a)
Telephone
Teléfono
85
Inglés Básico
TIME (La hora) O’clock To Half Quarter Watch Clock Midday / Noon Midnight Weekdays Weekend Full time Tomorrow The day after tomorrow Yesterday The day before yesterday Minutes Seconds
En punto Para Media Un cuarto Reloj de pulsera Reloj de pared Mediodía Medianoche Dias de la semana Fin de semana Tiempo completo Mañana Pasado mañana Ayer Antes de ayer Minutos Segundos
86
Inglés Básico
87
Inglés Básico
Self - evaluation / Autoevaluación Part I Look at the picture and answer the questions. Vea la foto y responda las preguntas Example: Is the girl reading or writing? She’s writing
1. Are the children riding their bicycle or walking? _____________________________________
2. Are they talking or watching TV? _____________________________________
88
Inglés Básico
3. What is the boy doing? _____________________________________
4. What is Susan doing? _____________________________________
Part II Answer in affirmative form Example: Is Ramon studying the lesson? Yes, he is studying the lesson. 1. Is Alice opening her book? __________________________________________ 2. Is the boy listening to the radio? _______________________________________ 3. Are the teachers speaking English? _______________________________________ 4. Are you answering the questions? _______________ ________________________
89
Inglés Básico
Part III Answer in negative form Example: Is he taking a test? No, he isn’t taking a test. 1. Are you taking a test? ___________________________________ 2. Is Pedro studying mathematics? ___________________________________ 3. Is she sitting down? ___________________________________ 4. Are they working now? __________________________________
Part IV Look at the picture. Answer in negative form and describe the action with the word in parenthesis. Example:
Is the man reading a Spanish book? (English) No, he isn’t. He’s reading an English book.
90
Inglés Básico
1. Are they working? (play) _____________________________________
2. Is the old man playing? (speak) _____________________________________
3. Are you playing golf? (fish) _____________________________________
4. Is he writing on the notebook? (board) _____________________________________
91
Inglés Básico
Part V Write the time. (Escriba la hora.) Example: What time is it? ( 4:20 ) It’s twenty past four.
1.
( 05:45 )
__________________________
2.
( 12:00 )
__________________________
3.
( 02:10 )
__________________________
4.
( 03.15 )
__________________________
5.
( 08:30 )
__________________________
92
Inglés Básico
Answers to Self-evaluation / Respuestas a la Autoevaluación
Part I 1. They are riding their bicycle. 2. They’re watching T.V. 3. He’s riding in the street. 4. She’s reading a book. Part II 1- Yes, she is opening her book. 2- Yes, he is listening to the radio. 3- Yes, they are speaking English. 4- Yes, I am answering the questions. Part III 1- No, I am not taking a test. 2- No, he isn’t studying mathematics. 3- No, she isn’t sitting down. 4- No, they aren’t working now. Part IV 1- No, they aren’t. They‘re playing. 2- No, he isn’t. He’s speaking. 3- No, I am not. I’m fishing. 4- No, he isn’t. He’s writing on the board. Part V 1- It’s a quarter to six.
93
Inglés Básico
2- It’s twelve o’clock 3- It’s ten past / after two. 4- It’s a quarter past / after three. 5- It’s half past eight.
94
Inglés Básico
Written Work / Trabajo Escrito
Describe the picture above. Use the Present Continuous Tense Example:
There are two men fishing
_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
95
Inglés Básico
Unidad VI
Auxiliares Do, Does y verbo to have
Objetivo Terminal
Construir en Inglés oraciones interrogativas, afirmativas y negativas utilizando le tiempo presente simple y el verbo to have.
Contenido Uso de los auxiliares Do – Does Uso del verbo to have Adverbios de frecuencia Likes and dislikes Ocupaciones
Información de la unidad Los auxiliares Do y Does, son utilizados con diferentes pronombres y nos permiten interrogar o negar en presente simple con los verbos regulares e irregulares, a excepción del verbo to be. El auxiliar Do debe ser utilizado con los siguientes pronombres: I Do
You We They
Example: I study English every day. (Yo estudio Inglés todos los días)
96
Inglés Básico
Do you study English every day? (¿Tú estudias Inglés todo los días?) No, I don’t study English every day Y el auxiliar Does se utiliza con la terceras personas He Does
She It
Tenemos que destacar que el verbo principal de la oración debe estar en forma simple y cuando la oración está en tercera persona se le agrega al verbo principal la partícula “s” o “es”, dependiendo del verbo. Example: Alice studies English every day.
(Alice estudia Inglés todos los días)
Does she study English every day?
(¿Ella estudia Inglés todos los días?)
No, she doesn’t study English every day. los días)
97
(No, ella no estudia Inglés todos
Inglés Básico
GRAMMAR El auxiliar Do utilizado con los pronombres I, You, We, They, así como el Does con los pronombres She, He, It es omitido en las oraciones afirmativas y se escribe el verbo en su forma simple conservando la siguiente estructura: Example a)
b)
They
play
soccer on Sundays.
Sujeto (s)
verbo (v)
complemento (c)
Mario
plays
soccer on Sundays.
Sujeto (s)
verbo (v)
complemento (c)
Nota: Con las terceras personas al verbo principal de la oración se le agrega una (s). Uso del auxiliar Do I Do
You We
Study
English?
They
Do
You
Study
English?
Auxiliar
Subject / Sujeto
Verb / verbo
Complement / Complemento
98
Inglés Básico
Sentences Changing to Questions (Cambio de oraciones afirmativas a preguntas) Examples You walk every day. (Tu caminas a diario) Do you walk every day? (¿Tu caminas a diario?)
We eat in a restaurant. (Nosotros comemos en un restaurant) Do we eat in a restaurant? (¿Nosotros comemos en un restaurant?)
Affirmative form (Oraciones afirmativas): Examples: Do they play football every day? (¿Ellos juegan football todos los días?) Yes, they do. Yes, they play football every day Si, ellos juegan futbol todos los días.
99
Inglés Básico
Do you read History books? (¿Lees libros de Historia?) Yes, I do. Yes, I read History books. (Si, leo libros de Historia) Negative form (Oraciones negativas): Examples: Do they play football every day? No, they do not (don´t) No, they don´t play football every day. (No, ellos no juegan futbol todos los días) Do you read History books? No, I don´t. (do not) No, I don´t read History books. (No, no leo libros de Historia)
100
Inglés Básico
Interrogative form: Para realizar formas interrogativas con los auxiliares Do - Does, seguimos el siguiente esquema: We They Do
I
Write books in English?
You He Does
She
Write books in English?
It En presencia del auxiliar Does en la oración interrogativa la (s) o (es) al final del verbo se omite. Ejemplo: a)
I study English. (Yo estudio Inglés.) Do you study English? (¿Tu estudias Inglés?)
b)
He works everyday. (El trabaja todos los días.) Does he work everyday? (¿El trabaja todos los días?)
101
Inglés Básico
Sentences Changing to interrogative form (Cambio de oraciones afirmativas a forma interrogative) Examples: I play the guitar. (Yo toco la guitarra) Do you play the guitar? (¿Tu tocas la guitarra?)
She writes everyday. (Ella escribe todos los días) Does she write everyday? (¿Ella escribe todos los días?)
He works every day. (El trabaja todos los días) Does he work every day? (¿El trabaja todos los días?)
Affirmative form (Oraciones afirmativas): Examples: Do they eat fish? (¿Ellos comen pescado?) Yes, they do. (Si, ellos comen) Yes, they eat fish. (Si ellos comen pescado) Does she write in Spanish? (Ella escribe en Español) Yes, she does. Yes, she writes in Spanish. (Si, ella escribe en Español)
Negative form (Oraciones negativas): Examples:
102
Inglés Básico
Do they study English? (¿Ellos estudian Inglés?) No, they don’t. (No ellos no.) No, they don’t study English. (No, ellos no estudian Inglés) Do you read the newspaper? (¿Tu lees el periódico?) No, I don’t. ( No, yo no.) No, I don’t read the newspaper. (No, yo no leo el periódico) Does she clean the house every Saturday? (¿Ella limpia la casa todos los Sábados?) No, she doesn´t (does not) No, she doesn´t clean the house every Saturday. (No, ella no limpia la casa todos los Sábados)
Does he clean the room? (¿El limpia la habitación?) No, he doesn´t. (does not) No, he doesn´t clean the room. (No, el no limpia la habitación) We can use these expressions to Express Likes and Dislikes (Podemos usar estas expresiones para decir lo que nos gusta o disgusta) I like to dance Merengue Express Likes
(Expresar gustos)
We like to study on weekends She likes to work in the morning
She doesn’t like to play tennis. Express Dislikes
(Expresar lo que no nos gusta)
Jhon doesn’t like to watch TV. We don’t like to eat fish. They don’t like to speak in class.
103
Inglés Básico
OCCUPATIONS / OCUPACIONES En Inglés al igual que en Español existe una gama de ocupaciones, entre las cuales tenemos: Teacher
Profesor (a)
Student
Estudiante
Dentist
Dentista
Doctor
Doctor
Nurse
Enfermera
Accountant
Contador
Lawyer
Abogado
Waiter
Mesonero
Waitress
Mesonera
Actress
Actriz
Engineer
Ingeniero
Mechanic
Mecánico
Architect
Arquitecto
Housewife
Ama de casa
Cashier
Cajero
Manager
Gerente
Butcher
Carnicero
Baker
Panadero
Farmer
granjero
Ejemplo: -
Sara is a lawyer.
-
Robert is an accountant.
104
Inglés Básico
Nota: Es necesario colocar el artículo indeterminado o indefinido ( a / an ) antes de una ocupación. Simple Present / Presente Simple We also use the present simple to talk about things that happen repeatedly. (También usamos el presente simple para hablar acerca de las cosas que pasan repetidamente)
always I / We / They
study English
usually
play soccer
often sometimes
He / she / it
studies French plays volleyball
Rarely Never
Examples:
I always study English.
They sometimes play volleyball.
He often studies English.
She usually plays Volleyball.
VERBO TO HAVE / VERBO TENER En el idioma Inglés el verbo to have se considera como un verbo irregular, y en el tiempo presente simple se utiliza para expresar posesión (tener).
105
Inglés Básico
En el tiempo presente simple el verbo to have presenta las siguientes conjugaciones: Affirmative form (Forma afirmativa)
I
He
You
have
We
has
She It
They
Ejemplo: -
I have a dog. (Yo tengo un perro)
-
Mary has three sisters. (Mary tiene tres hermanas)
Negative form (Forma negativa) Se debe utilizar el auxiliar Do – Does en forma negativa Do not / Don’t o Does not / doesn’t y el to have debe ser expresada en su forma básica (have). I You We They
Do not have Don’t have
He She It
106
Does not have Doesn’t have
Inglés Básico
Ejemplo: -
I don’t have problems.
-
Miriam doesn’t have problems.
Interrogative form / Forma interrogative Debemos recordar que existen dos tipos de preguntas: a)
Information question / Preguntas de información
WH – Question
+ auxiliar + subjetc + have + complement ?
Palabra interrogativa + auxiliar + sujeto + have + complemento ? Ejemplo : -
What do you have in your pocket ?
-
I have money in my pocket.
WH - Question words. ( Palabras interrogatives WH) What?
¿Que o cual?
Where?
¿Donde?
Who?
¿Quien?
Why?
¿Por qué?
When?
¿Cuando?
Yes / No questions ( Preguntas Si / No)
107
Inglés Básico
Para formular estas preguntas debemos seguir el siguiente patrón:
Auxiliar Do / Does + subject + have + complement? (Auxiliar Do / Does + sujeto + have + complemento?)
Ejemplo: Question (Pregunta) - Do Peter and Henry have classes? (¿Peter y Henry tienen clases?) Short affirmative/negative answer. (Respuesta corta afirmativa/negativa) - Yes, they do. (Si, ellos si) - No, they don’t (No, ellos no) Long affirmative answer. (Respuesta larga afirmativa) - Yes, they have classes. ( Si, ellos tienen clases) - No, they don’t have classes. ( No, ellos no tienen clases) Examples:
I have a pencil Do I have a pencil?
We have a teacher Do we have a teacher?
Alice has a car Does She have a car?
Carlos has a house Does he have a house?
108
Inglés Básico
Exercises Exercise 1 a. Answer the following questions in affirmative and negative form. Example: Do you watch T.V. every Sunday? Yes, I watch T.V every Sunday. No, I don’t watch T.V every Sunday. 1. Does he dance Joropo music?
2. Do they read in English?
b. Complete these sentences wiht Do – Does Jackie study French? We have classes everyday? The cat eat cheese? They clean the garage? c. Write 3 sentences and change to interrogative form. 1. 2.
109
Inglés Básico
3.
Exercise 2 Complete the sentences with Do or Does. 1. ________ she go to the movies everyday? 2. ________ people eat breakfast at 7:30? 3. ________ Mr. Lander and his wife write a letter to his son? Exercise 3 Rewrite the sentences, using the adverb in parenthesis. Example: I have coffee in the morning (always) I always have coffee in the morning. 1. Her husband walks in the afternoon (often) _____________________________________________________________ 2. He goes shopping (sometimes) _____________________________________________________________ 3. We watch a movie on TV (seldom) _____________________________________________________________ 4. We are in bed before 12 (never) _____________________________________________________________ 5.- I am at work at 7:30 (usually) _____________________________________________________________
110
Inglés Básico
Exercise 4 Change to interrogative sentence. (Cambie a la forma interrogativa) Example: You have a cat. Do you have a cat? a.
I have a bicycle
b.
Heleny has a sister.
c.
Wilfredo has a ball.
Exercise 5 Underline the correct verb in parenthesis. (Subraye el verbo correcto) Example: My mother (have – has) a house 1.
They (have – has) many students.
2.
Belkis (have – has) two boys.
3.
The dog (have – has) a bone.
Exercise 6 Answer the following Questions. Give affirmative and negative long answers. (Responda las siguientes preguntas. Use respuestas largas afirmativas y negativas)
111
Inglés Básico
Example: Do you have a notebook? Yes, I have a notebook. No, I don’t have a notebook 1.
Does Aquiles have a horse?
2.
Do we have a class?
3.
Does Sonia have black eyes?
112
Inglés Básico
Vocabulary
Alone Also Always Bone Book Boy Change Clean Dance Eat Every day Friends Go Horse House Love Notebook Often Play Pocket Preference Put Read Say Sometimes Study Thing Usually Walk Wallet Watch Work Write
Solo También Siempre Hueso Libro Muchacho / niño Cambiar Limpiar Bailar Comer Todos los días Amigos (as) Ir Caballo Casa Amar Cuaderno Frecuentemente Jugar Bolsillo Preferencia Colocar Leer Decir Algunas veces Estudiar Cosa Usualmente Caminar Billetera Mirar Trabajar Escribir
113
Inglés Básico
Self-evaluation / Autoevaluación Part I Answer these questions in affirmative complete answers. ( Conteste estas preguntas en forma completa y afirmativa) Example: Do you go to school every day? Yes, I go to school everyday. 1.
Does Mary live in Maracay?
2.
Do we Speak English?
3.
Does he Study every day?
4.
Does she have to clean the apartment?
114
Inglés Básico
Part II Complete these sentences. (Completar estas oraciones) Example: Does she live alone? No, she doesn´t. She lives with two friends. 1. ___________ your sister ________________ in Caracas? Yes, she ____________. 2. We ________ n’t ________ in a flat. We _____in a house. 3. Where _________ you _________________ ? I __________________ in Maracaibo. Part III Complete these sentences with: Has – have - do – does (Completar estas oraciones con has – have – do – does ) Example: She has a dog. 1. ________________ they work every day? 2. We ________________ five friends. 3. ________ Peter have a beautiful house?. Part IV Underline the correct verb or auxiliary in parenthesis. (Subrayar el everbo o auxiliary correcto) Example: She (write – writes) in English.
115
Inglés Básico
a.
Does Peter (play – plays) the piano?
b.
What (do – does) he like to Study?
c.
Do you (have – has) a blue car?
d.
Rosa (have – has) a pen.
116
Inglés Básico
Answers to Self-evaluation / Respuestas a la Autoevaluación
Part I 1.
Yes, she lives in Maracay.
2.
Yes, we speak English.
3.
Yes, he studies every day.
4.
Yes, she has to clean the apartment.
Part II 1. Does – live – does 2. Do – live - live 3. Do – live – live
Part. III 1.
Do
2.
Have
3.
Does
Part. IV: a.
Play
b.
Does
c.
Have
d.
Has
117
Inglés Básico
Written Work / Trabajo Escrito
Write a ten (10) lines paragraph about your preferences. Talk about what you like and dislike. (Escriba un parrafo de diez (10) líneas acerca de tus preferencias. Hable acerca de lo que le gusta y no le gusta) 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
118
Inglés Básico
Unidad VII
Tiempo futuro.
Objetivo Terminal
Construir oraciones en inglés en forma oral y escrita utilizando el going to y el auxiliar will.
Contenido Tiempo futuro con will Estructuras interrogativas Estructuras afirmativas Estructuras negativas Contracciones con will Tiempo futuro con going to Estructuras interrogativas Estructuras afirmativas Estructuras negativas
Información de la unidad Las formas simples de como construir el tiempo futuro en Inglés son: Futuro con Will Se construye con el sujeto, luego will, seguido por el verbo que determinará la acción futura y un complemento si es necesario.
119
Inglés Básico
Ejemplo: I will study English tomorrow. (Yo estudiaré Inglés mañana) She will be in Maturín next August. (Ella estará en Maturin el próximo Agosto)
Grammar SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE: WILL (Tiempo futuro simple : will) Subject + will + verb + complement (Sujeto + will + verbo + complemento) Look at this: morning tomorrow
I You He she It We They
afternoon night
will
be there
week
do it
next
saturday april
soon tonight
Examples: You will be an important Doctor. (Tu sera un doctor importante) I’ll learn English. (Yo aprenderé Inglés) I’ll meet people from other country (Yo conoceré gente de otro país) I’ll win a price. (Yo ganaré un premio) I’ll have fun (Yo me divertiré)
120
Inglés Básico
Nota: En los ejemplos anteriores aparece la contracción afirmativa del auxiliar will (‘ll), el cual se usa con todos los pronombres personales: I’ll, he’ll, she’ll, we’ll, you’ll, they’ll. We use Will when
we decide to do something at the moment we talk.
(Usamos “will” cuando decidimos hacer algo en el momento en que hablamos) Example: I´ll clean my house this afternoon (Yo limpiaré mi casa esta tarde.) We also use will to talk about predictions in the future. (También podemos usar “will” para hablar de predicciones en el futuro) Interrogative form. (Forma interrogativa) Yes/No questions. (Preguntas Si/No) Will + Subject + verb + complement? (Will + Sujeto + verbo + complemento?) Example: Will you sleep late? (¿Dormirás hasta tarde?) Will Henry travel to Europe next month? (Henry viajará a Europa el próximo mes? Information questions. (Preguntas de información) Wh – questions + will + subject + verb + complement? ( Palabra interrogativa + will + sujeto + verbo + complemento? )
121
Inglés Básico
Example: -
What will you learn there? (¿Que aprenderás allá?)
-
Where will be the party tomorrow? (¿Donde sera la fiesta mañana?)
Affirmative and negative answers. (Respuestas afirmativas y negativas) Example: Will you visit your relatives next vacation? (Visistarás a tus familiares las próximas vacaciones?) Yes, I will (Short answer) Yes, I’ll visit my relatives next vacation. (Long answer) No, I won’t. (Short answer) No, I won’t visit my relatives next vacation. (Long answer) FUTURE WITH VERB TO BE + GOING TO. (futuro con el verbo to be + going to) Subject + to be + going to + complement (Sujeto + to be + going to + complemento) Examples: I’m going to write a letter later. (Voy a escribir una carta más tarde) He’s going to work at the bank. (El va a trabajar en el banco.) It’s going to drink milk. (Va a tomar leche) Interrogative form. (Forma interrogative)
122
Inglés Básico
Yes/No questions. (Preguntas Si/No) To be + Subject +going to + complement? (To be + sujeto + going to + complemento?) Example: Am I going to write a letter? Is he going to work at the bank? Is it going to drink milk? Information question. (Preguntas de información) Wh – questions + to be + subject + going to + verb + complement? ( Palabra interrogativa + to be + sujeto + going to + verbo + complemento ) Example: What is he going to do tonight? Where are you going to travel? Affirmative and negative answers. (Respuesta afirmativas y negativas) -
Are you going to write a letter? (Vas tu a escribir una carta) Yes, I am. (Short answer) Yes, I am going to write a letter. (Long answer) No, I am not. (Short answer) No, I am not going to write a letter. (Long answer)
123
Inglés Básico
Exercises Exercise 1 Give a complete answer in affirmative or negative form. (De una respuesta completa en forma afirmativa o negativa) Example: Will you play football tomorrow? Yes, I will play football tomorrow / No I won’t play football tomorrow. a.
Will they learn a new Language?
b.
Will she cook next week?
c.
What will he do next Saturday?
Exercise 2 Arrange these Sentences. (Ordene estas oraciones) Example: Go – will – Mérida – I – To - Tomorrow. I will go to Mérida tomorrow. 1.
Will – move – she – to – Caracas – in – January.
2.
They – travel – will – next – to – the beach - Saturday
124
Inglés Básico
3.
Work – you – will – next - July
Exercise 3 Write 3 Sentences Using Will”. (Escriba 3 oraciones usando “will”) Example: Teresa will travel to Japan next year. a.
________________________________________________________
b.
________________________________________________________
c.
________________________________________________________
Exercise 4 Read the following dialogue. (Lea el siguiente dialogo) Carlos:
We’re going to play tennis this afternoon. Do you want to go?
Alice:
Thanks, but I’m going to stay at home this afternoon. I’m going to watch T.V.
Exercise 5 Answer the following questions in affirmative or negative form. ( Respond alas siguientes preguntas en forma afirmativa o negativa) Ejemplo: Is she going to go to bed early? Yes, she’s going to go to bed early / No, she isn’t going to go to bed early.
125
Inglés Básico
1.
Are they going to watch T.V.?
2.
Are you going to cook dinner this afternoon?
3.
Is he going to play next Sunday?
4.
What are they going to do next Weekend?
126
Inglés Básico
Vocabulary Next Sunday
El próximo Domingo
Next week
La próxima semana
Soon
Pronto
To come
Venir
To cook
Cocinar
To decide
Decidir
To go
Ir
To know
Saber
To play
Jugar
To Stay
Quedarse
To think
Pensar
To travel
Viajar
To watch
Observar
Tomorrow
mañana
morning
Mañana en la mañana
Tomorrow night
Mañana en la noche
127
Inglés Básico
Self - evaluation / Autoevaluación
A)
Complete the sentences. Use future with going to.(Complete las oraciones. Use futuro con going to)
Example: Carlos
is
1. Peter
going to play soccer. going to study tonight.
2. Are you 3. What 4. ______ she
B)
cook dinner? they
do this afternoon? go to the beach next Saturday?
Ask someone if he or she is going to do the following activities. (Preguntar a alguien si el o ella va a hacer las actividades siguientes)
Example: Cook dinner Are you going to cook dinner tonight? 1.
Read the newspaper
2.
Play baseball
3.
Go to bed early
4.
Wash your car
128
Inglés Básico
C)
Write Sentences using “Will”. (Escriba oraciones usando will)
Example: Learn to speak English I will learn to speak English. 1.
Travel a lot.
2.
Move to a different city.
3.
Be a good student.
4.
Pass the English test.
D)
Complete these sentences. Use will or going to. (Complete estas oraciones. Use wil o going to)
Example: Tomorrow we are
going to
1. Don´t go out now. You
get wet.
2. Look out! That ladder is 3. We’re 4. Look. It’s
the beach.
fall. have a baby. rain.
5. Don´t smoke that. You
get sick.
129
Inglés Básico
Answers to Self-evaluation / Respuestas a la Autoevaluación
A) 1.
Going to
2.
Are - going to
3.
Is - Going to
B) 1.
Are you going to play baseball this evening?
2.
Are you going to go bed early this evening?
3.
Are you going to wash your car this evening?
C) 1.
I will travel a lot.
2.
I will move to a different city.
3.
I will be a good student.
4.
I will pass the English test.
D) 1.
Will
2.
Going to
3.
Going to
4.
Going to
5.
Will
130
Inglés Básico
Written Work / Trabajo Escrito
Write a ten (10) line dialogue talking about future actions. (Escriba un diálogo de 10 léneas acerca de acciones futures)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
131
Inglés Básico
Unidad VIII
Verbo to be en pasado
Objetivo Terminal
Construir oraciones en Inglés, en forma oral y escrita, utilizando el verbo to be en pasado.
Contenido Verbo to be en pasado Was, were Uso del: There was There were
Información de la unidad En esta unidad utilizamos el verbo to be (ser o estar) para expresar acciones realizadas en tiempo pasado (was, were), al igual que podemos expresar una relación de existencia del pasado (there was, there were).
132
Inglés Básico
Grammar Past tense of to be : was - were (Pasado del verbo to be: was – were)
was
I You
were
She He
here
was
there
It
We You
were
They
Negative form (forma negative) I he
was + not = wasn’t
she it we you
= were + not = weren’t
they
133
yesterday last week
Inglés Básico
Examples: A. Affirmative sentences (Oraciones afirmativas) Subject
+
to be
(Sujeto
+
to be +
+
Complement complemento)
I
was
at home yesterday
She
was
in the library last week
They
were
in the stadium last night
You
were
in the park this morning
B. Interrogative question form with was – were (Oraciones interrogatives: was – were) to be (¿to be
+ +
Subject
+
Complement?
sujeto
+
complemento?)
Was
I
in the house yesterday?
Was
She
in the library last week?
Were
They
in the stadium last night?
Were
You
in the park this morning?
Question form (Oraciones interrogatives) I She was He It We were You they
there?
there?
Affirmative answer Yes, I – he – she – it Yes, you - we – they Negative answer No, I – he – she – it No, you - we – they
134
was were wasn’t weren’t
Inglés Básico
Quantity expressions (expresiones de cantidad) was
There
There
Were
wasn’t weren’t
Question form (Oraciones interrogativas) Was
a book on the table? There
Were
apples on the table?
Affirmative answer Yes, there was a book on the table. (Si, había un libro sobre la mesa) Yes, there were apples on the table. (Si, habían manzanas sobre la mesa) Negative answer No, there wasn’t a book on the table. (No, no había un libro sobre la mesa) No, there weren’t apples on the table. (No, no habían manzanas sobre la mesa) Estas estructuras también pueden ser respondidas en forma corta. Ejemplo: Was there a teacher in class? Yes, there was. No, there wasn’t.
135
Inglés Básico
Were there books on the table Yes, there were. No, there weren’t. Nota: There was not
=
There wasn’t
There were not
=
There weren’t
Affirmative answer Was - Were 1. Were you in the house yesterday? (¿Estabas tu en la casa ayer?) a) Yes, I was. b) Yes, I was in the house yesterday. (Si, yo estaba en la casa ayer) 2. Were you in the park this morning? (¿Estabas en el parque esta mañana?) a) Yes, I was. b) Yes, I was in the park this morning. (Si, yo estaba en el parque esta mañana) Negative answer Wasn’t – Weren’t 1. Were you in the school last week? (¿Estabas en la escuela la semana pasada? a. No, I wasn’t. b. No, I wasn’t in the school last week. (No, yo no estuve en la escuela la semana pasada)
136
Inglés Básico
2. Was she at el
the university last year? (¿Estaba ella en la Universidad
año pasado?) a. No, she wasn’t b. No, she wasn’t at the university last year. (No, ella no estaba en la Universidad la semana pasada)
Exercises 1. Change the following sentences to the interrogative form. (Cambie las siguientes oraciones a la forma interrogativa) Example: She was at the disco last Saturday Was she at the disco last Saturday? 1-Mary and Rose were students last year. _______________________________ 2-The secretary was in the office. _______________________________ 3-The dog was in the park. _______________________________ 4- The doctors were in the hospital. _______________________________ 2. Answer in a complete negative form. (Conteste en forma negativa y completa)
137
Inglés Básico
Example: Was Robert at the beach last weekend? No, he wasn’t at the beach last weekend. 1-Was Margaret in the country? ________________________________ 2-Were Pedro and Betsy very happy at the party? ________________________________ 3-Were you in class this morning? ________________________________ 4-Was your father at home yesterday? ________________________________ 3. Answer in a complete affirmative form. (Conteste en forma afirmativa y completa) Example: Were the students in class? Yes, they were in class. 1. Was the man at the park? ________________________________ 2. Were they in the patio? ________________________________ 3. Were you a teacher in the school? ________________________________
138
Inglés Básico
4. Underline the correct word in parenthesis. (Subrayar la palabra correcta en parentesis) Example: I (was were) a secretary. 1- They (wasn’t
weren’t) in Maracaibo.
2- Margaret (was were) a nurse here. 3- The children (were was) in the laboratory this morning.
5. Complete the dialogue. Use was-were-wasn’t-weren’t. (Complete el diálogo. Use was – were – wasn’t – weren’t) Example Julia: Andres, were
you at the party last night?
Andres: Yes, I _______ Julia: _________ Margaret and Peter there? Andres: No, they ___________ 6. Complete with was - were – wasn’t – weren’t (Complete con was – were – wasn’t – weren’t) Example There were many people at the beach 1.- There _________ lots of baseball players there last night. 2.- There _________ few fruits in the refrigerator. 3.- There _________ much money in my pocket. 4.- There _________ some dictionaries here yesterday.
139
Inglés Básico
7. Change into negative sentences. (Cambie a la forma negativa) Example There were pencils on the chairs. There weren’t pencils on the chairs. 1. There was a man in the drugstore. ___________________________ 2. There were four cars in the garage. ___________________________ 3. There were lots of books here yesterday. ___________________________ 4. There was a doctor in the hospital. ___________________________
8. Change to interrogative form. (Cambie a la forma interrogative) Example: There was a beautiful girl at the meeting. Was there a beautiful girl at the meeting? 1. There were many dogs in your house. _______________________________ 2. There was a lot of coffee in the pot. _______________________________
140
Inglés Básico
3. There were two men standing at the door. _______________________________ 4. There was a child at home. _______________________________ Exercise 9 A.- Read the paragraph. (Lea el parrafo) Regina lived in La Victoria Aragua State eight years ago. Her house was near Jose Felix Ribas Square, downtown. There was a big avenue near her home, there were many shops, four restaurants, two banks and a theatre on the avenue. She liked her house very much. B.-
Answer the questions about the paragraph. (Responda las preguntas acerca del párrafo)
Example Was there a big avenue near her home? Yes, there was 1.-
How many shops were there on the avenue? ________________________________________________________
2.-
Was her house far from downtown? ________________________________________________________
3.-
What square was near her house? ________________________________________________________
4.-
How many theatres were there? ________________________________________________________
141
Inglés Básico
C.- Underline the correct answer. (Subraye la respuesta correcta) Example: There ( was – were ) many shops near her house. 1.
There ( was – were ) a big avenue in La Victoria.
2.
There ( was – were ) two banks in the avenue.
3.
There ( was – were ) a square near her house.
10.
Complete the conversation. Use was – wasn’t – were – weren’t. (Complete la conversación. Use was – wasn’t – were – weren’t)
Example: Pedro:
Where were you last night?
Alice:
I _______ at home.
Pedro:
No, you ___________ I phoned you and you __________ there.
Alice:
I _____________ with my friend Daysi.
11.
Complete with the question words. Use how many – where – when – what.
Example: How many
books were on the table?
1.-
___________ restaurants were there in the avenue?
2.-
___________ were you in Margarita Island?
3.-
___________ were you this morning?
4.-
___________ color was your car?
142
Inglés Básico
12. Answer these questions with the words in parenthesis. (Conteste estas preguntas con las palabras en paréntesis) Example: How many apples were there in the refrigerator? (Six) There were six apples in the refrigerator. 1.- How many students were there at the game? (Many) __________________________________________________ 2.- How many parks were there near your house? (Two) __________________________________________________ 3.- How many pencils were there on the table? (Three) __________________________________________________ 4.- How much sugar was there in your coffe? (Little) __________________________________________________
143
Inglés Básico
Vocabulary / Vocabulario Beautiful
Bello – Bonito
Bolivarian
Bolivariana
Classroom
Aula de clase
Country
País – Campo
Desk
Escritorio
Dictionaries
Diccionarios
Engineer
Ingeniero
Farmer
Granjero – Agricultor
Fruit
Fruta
Happy
Feliz
Home
Hogar
House
Casa
Lawyer
Abogado
Liberator
Liberador
Library
Biblioteca
Nurse
Enfermera
Park
Parque
Party
Fiesta
People
Gente
Republic
República
Restaurant
Restaurante
School
Escuela
Square
Plaza
Tall
Alto
University
Universidad
Yard
Patio
144
Inglés Básico
Yesterday
Ayer
Last week
la semana pasada
Last month
el mes pasado
Last Sunday
el domingo pasado
Last night
anoche
Last year
el año pasado
This morning
esta mañana
Live
Vivir
Help
Ayudar
Liberate
Liberar
Be born
Nacer
(Was/Were) Born
Nació/Nacieron
145
Inglés Básico
Self-evaluation / Autoevaluación
A) Answer in affirmative form. (Conteste en forma afirmativa) Example: Were they in the school? Yes, they were in the school. 1.- Was Susan a nurse? _____________________________ 2.- Were they at the university? _____________________________ 3.- Were we in Mérida last sunday? _____________________________ 4.- Was the dog in the street this morning? _____________________________ B) Answer in a complete negative form. (Conteste en forma negativa) Example: Was Susan an accountant? No, she wasn’t an accountant. 1.- Was Sara a good player? _____________________________ 2.- Were the men in the restaurant? _____________________________ 3.- Was he a farmer? _____________________________ 4.- Were Angel and Dorys engineers? _____________________________
146
Inglés Básico
C) Complete the dialogue, use these forms: was - were - wasn’t - weren’t (Complete el diálogo, use estas formas: was - were - wasn’t - weren’t) Example: He was a good student last year 1.- They _______ in class last week. 2.- Maria and Pedro ____________ good lawyers 3.- Vicente _______ a Mathematic teacher in this school 4.- We ________ here yesterday
D) Answer in affirmative form. (Conteste en forma afirmativa) Example: Were you here yesterday? Yes, I was here yesterday. 1- Was there a picture on the wall? __________________________________ 2- Were there many workers in the company? __________________________________ 3- Was there a book on the table? __________________________________ 4- Were there many classrooms in the school? __________________________________
147
Inglés Básico
E) Answer in negative form. (Conteste en forma negativa) Example: Was there a tall man near here? No, there wasn’t a tall man near here. 1. Were there students sitting on the chairs? __________________________________ 2. Were there any erasers on the desk? __________________________________ 3. Was there a cat at the home? __________________________________ 4. Was there a car in the garage? __________________________________ F) Read the following paragraph and answer the questions. (Lea el siguiente parrafo y conteste las preguntas) Simón Bolivar was the Liberator of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. He helped to liberate others latinoamerican nations. He was born in Caracas on July 24th in 1783. Example Who was Simon Bolivar? He was the Liberator of Venezuela. 1.- Where was Simon Bolivar born? ___________________________________________________________ 2.- When was he born? ___________________________________________________________
148
Inglés Básico
3.- Was Simon Bolivar the Liberator of Ecuador an Peru? ___________________________________________________________ 4.- Was Simón Bolívar the Liberator of Mexico? ___________________________________________________________
149
Inglés Básico
Answers to Self-evaluation / Respuestas a la Autoevaluación
A) 1.- Yes, she was a nurse. 2.- Yes, they were at the university. 3.- Yes, you were in Mérida last Sunday. 4.- Yes, the dog was in the street this morning. B) 1.- No, she wasn’t a good player. 2.- No, they weren’t in the restaurant. 3.- No, he wasn’t a farmer. 4.- No, they weren’t engineers. C) 1.- Were 2.- Were 3.- Was 4.- Were D) 1.- Yes, there was a picture on the wall. 2.- Yes, there were many workers in the company. 3.- Yes, there was a book on the table. 4.- Yes, there were many classrooms in the school.
E) 1.- No, there weren’t students sitting on the chairs. 2.- No, there weren’t erasers on the desk. 3.- No, there wasn’t a cat in the house. 4.- No, there wasn’t a car in the garage.
150
Inglés Básico
F) 1.- He was born in Caracas. 2.- He was born on July 24th 1783. 3.- Yes, he was. 4.- No, he wasn’t .
151
Inglés Básico
Written Work / Trabajo Escrito Write a ten line paragraph about your last vacation, using the past form of to be (was – were – there was – there were).
152
Inglés Básico
Unidad IX Ordenes, ubicación y dirección Objetivo Terminal Expresar en inglés, oraciones relacionadas con las direcciones y
ubicaciones de personas y lugares, en forma oral y escrita.
Contenido -
Oraciones imperativas
-
Direcciones y/o localización
-
Preposiciones: in, on, under, behind, between, close to.
Información de la unidad En esta unidad se tratarán los siguientes puntos:
Las oraciones imperativas, las cuales se utilizan para dar órdenes y prohibiciones. Ej.: Sit down, please
(Siéntese por favor)
Don’t smoke in class (No fume en clase)
Expresiones para localizar lugares y dar direcciones. Ej.: Where is the house? (¿Donde está la casa?) It’s on second street. (Está en la segunda calle?)
153
Inglés Básico
Grammar / Gramática Command sentences (oraciones imperativas)
En inglés el imperativo se construye con la forma infinitiva del verbo sin la partícula To.
En una oración imperativa el sujeto es siempre You, pero no se escribe ni se dice.
El imperativo se usa para dar órdenes, direcciones y prohibiciones.
Read the following sentences (Lea las siguientes oraciones):
•
Sit down. (Siéntese)
•
Be here at 7:30 (Esté aquí a las 7:30)
•
Don’t be late. (No llegues tarde)
•
Call Mary. ( Llama a Mary)
•
Don’t smoke in class. (No fumes en clase)
•
Do not throw the litter on the street, pick it up. (No lances el envase en la calle, recógelo)
•
Watch out ! (Ten cuidado)
154
Inglés Básico
Imperatives:
AFFIRMATIVE
AND NEGATIVE
Affirmative Base of verb
Complement
•
BE
here at 7:30
•
CALL
Mary
•
SIT
down
Negative Do not / Don’t + Base form of verbs Do not throw
litter on the street
Don’t smoke
in class!
155
Inglés Básico
Locate people and places (Ubicar personas y lugares) Para pedir información acerca de la ubicación de personas y lugares, se puede usar where al preguntar.
Question
Answer
Where is the restaurant ?
On Bolívar Av.
(¿Donde está el restaurant?) Where is Mary ?
(En la Av. Bolívar) At the bank.
(¿Donde está Mary?)
(En el banco)
Where are you?
We’re at the supermarket.
(¿Donde están ustedes?)
(Estamos en el supermercado)
En las respuestas se usan las preposiciones de lugar: on, at. El primero se utilize para referirsen a calles o avenidas y el Segundo se emplea para referirse a establecimientos. Contraction: Where is
= Where’s
(Donde está?)
Example: 1. The hospital is on Páez Street. (El hospital está en la calle Paez) 2. The library is on Bolívar Avenue. (La biblioteca está en la avenida Bolívar)
156
Inglés Básico
Exercises Exercise 1 Fill the blanks with an affirmative or negative imperative sentence. (Rellene los espacios con una oración imperativa, afirmativa o negativa) Turn
drink
drive
Leave
wear
look
Example: Wear the seat belt. 1.
___________
and drive.
2.
___________
left.
3.
___________
at the picture.
4.
___________
carefully.
5.
Mr. López isn’t here right now. _________ a message.
Exercises 2 Answer the following questions. Use on – at. . (Responda las siguientes preguntas. Use on – at)
157
Inglés Básico
Example Where’s the post office? It’s on Páez Avenue. 1.
Where’s the library?
_____________________________________________________________ 2.
Where’s the police station?
_____________________________________________________________ 3.
Where’s the department store?
_____________________________________________________________ 4.
Where’s the school?
_____________________________________________________________
Practice these dialogues. (Practique estos diálogos) 1) A:
Excuse me, is the hotel near here?
B:
I’m sorry. I don’t know.
A:
Thanks.
A:
Excuse me, is the Mercantil Bank near here?
B:
Yes it is. It’s on Libertad Avenue.
A:
Thank you.
A:
Where’s Jane?
B:
I don’t know.
A:
Where’s Peter?
B:
He’s at the INCE
2)
3)
158
Inglés Básico
Locations in a building
Nota: Para indicar ubicaciones dentro de un edificio se utilizan las siguientes expresiones: Upstairs
Arriba
Downstairs
Abajo
Over there
Por allá
Down the hall on the right
Bajando por el pasillo a la derecha
Down the hall on the left
Bajando por el pasillo a la izquierda
In that way
En esa vía / en ese camino
Practice these dialogues. (Practique estos diálogos) 1. A: Where are the restrooms? B: Over there. A: Thanks.
159
Inglés Básico
2. A: Where’s the exit? B: It’s down the hall on the right. A: Thanks. 3. A: Where is the cafeteria? B: It’s downstairs. A: Thanks. 4. A: Where are the elevators? B: That way. A: Thanks. Expressions for giving directions. (Expresiones para dar direcciones) How do I get to the school? (¿Como llego a la escuela?) -
Go straight. (Siga derecho)
-
Walk down. (Camine)
-
Turn right. (Cruce a la derecha)
-
Turn left. (Cruce a la izquierda)
-
It’s on / at the corner. (Está en la esquina)
-
It’s between………. (Está entre…..)
-
One block. (Una cuadra)
160
Inglés Básico
Exercise 3 Give directions.
Look at the map and read the conversation below. (Dé
direcciones. Observe el mapa y lea la conversación de abajo)
A. Excuse me, how do I get to the department store? B. Walk down third Avenue until you get to Washington Street. Then turn right at the corner. Go straight. Walk one block. The department store is on the left. A. Where’s the school, please? B. It’s on the Third Avenue, between Lincoln and Main Street. A. How can I get there, please? B. Walk down Washington Street up to Third Avenue turn right and walk one block. It’s on the left at the corner of Main Street and Third Avenue.
161
Inglés Básico
Exercise 4 Answer the following questions. (Conteste las siguientes preguntas) 1. a) Where’s the Japanese Restaurant? _________________________________________ b) How can I get there please? _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ 2. a) Go down Third avenue to Lincoln street, turn right. It’s between Third Avenue and Fourth Avenue, on the right what is it? ______________ _______________________________________________________ Exercise 5 Match each sentence from the left with its corresponding advice. (Seleccione la alternative correcta) 1- I have a headache 2- I worry too much
a) go to the dentist b) practice with friends
3- I can’t speak English very well 4- I feel tired everymorning
c) go on a diet
5- I’m overweight
e) take it easy
d) take some aspirin
162
Inglés Básico
Preposition of place (Preposiciones de lugar): Usamos las preposiciones de lugar (in, on, under, betwee ) para decir donde está algo o donde se realiza una actividad. Una preposición viene antes de un sustantivo, seguido generalmente por un verbo Prepositions:
IN, ON, UNDER, BETWEEN
ON
UNDER
IN
BETWEEN
Excercise 6 Write sentences using the prepositions given. (Escriba oraciones usando las preposiciones dadas) Example: Your hat is on the table. The pen is under the sofa. The car is in the garage.
163
Inglés Básico
The hospital is between Third and Fourth Avenue 1.
________________________________________
2.
________________________________________
3.
________________________________________
4.
________________________________________
Excercise 7 Practice orally. Making substitution from the box What’s the problem?
A- Oh, no !
What’s wrong?
B- What’s the problem?
What’s the matter? Thanks
A- I lost my umbrella.
Thank you
B- It’s over there on the table
Under the table in the closet
A- Oh, thanks a lot B- You’re welcome
Don’t mention it
164
Inglés Básico
Vocabulary Stand up Go to the board Sit down Raise your hand Open your book Close your book Look at the picture Turn right Turn left Get to Go straight Worry Watch out Pick it up Take it easy I don’t know Overweight Tired Umbrella Exit Near Bank Post office Supermarket Gym Disco Hospital Library Theatre Restaurant Police station
Párese Vaya a la pizarra Siéntese Levante su mano Abra su libro Cierre su libro Mire el cuadro Cruce a la derecha Cruce a la izquierda Llegar a Vaya derecho Preocuparse Cuidado Levántalo Tómelo con calma Yo no sé Sobre peso Cansado Sombrilla Salida Cerca de Banco Oficina postal Supermercado Gimnasio Discoteca Hospital Biblioteca Teatro Restaurant Estación de policía
165
Inglés Básico
Self-evaluation / Autoevaluación
A) Match the sentences 1- You get into a taxi 2- A father to his son
a-“Give me my exam, please” b-“I love you very much son”
3- A man stops you on the street 4- A student says to his teacher
c- “Excuse me, what time is it?” d- “Take me to the airport, please”
B) Translate to Spanish this paragraph. (Traducir al español este parrafo) My name is Carmen Ruíz. I’m from Guárico. I live there, on Miranda Avenue # 15. I work at the INCE Guárico. I can get there by bus because it’s far from my house.
C) Fill the blanks with the prepositions. (Llene los espacios en blanco con las preposiciones) Example: The car is in the garage. 1. The keys are _________ the table.
166
Inglés Básico
2. The bank is __________ the post office and the restaurant. 3. The cat sleeps ________ the bed. 4. The bird is ____________ the cage. 5. The books are _________ the shelf. 6. The knives are _________ the drawer.
167
Inglés Básico
Answers to Self-evaluation / Respuestas a la Autoevaluación
A) 2.b
3.c
4.a
B) Mi nombre es Carmen Ruíz. Yo soy de Guárico. Yo vivo allá, en la Avenida Miranda # 15. Yo trabajo en el INCE Guárico. Yo puedo allá en autobús porque está lejos de mi casa.
D)
1.-
On
2.-
Between
3.-
Under / on
4.-
In
5.-
On
6.-
In
168
Inglés Básico
Written Work / Trabajo Escrito
Write a short paragraph about locations of objects in your office, room or house:
169
Inglés Básico
Unidad X Auxiliar Did, pasado simple
Objetivo Terminal
Construir oraciones en inglés en forma oral y escrita en pasado simple, utilizando el auxiliar Did.
Contenido Uso de auxiliar Did, tiempo pasado simple. a)
Estructuras interrogativas
b)
Esctructuras afirmativas
c)
Estructuras negativas
d)
Contracciones
Información de la Unidad El auxiliar Did se usa en Inglés para interrogar, afirmar y negar en pasado simple. Cuando utilizamos el auxiliar Did para interrogar, la oración queda en pasado y el verbo que se use en la oración siempre tendrá que estar en presente simple. Example: Did they see Patricia at school? Mientras que cuando respondemos en forma larga afirmativa, el verbo que se use en la oración siempre tendrá que estar en pasado simple y debemos obviar el auxiliar Did. La respuesta corta, en cambio, exige la presencia del auxiliar Did.
170
Inglés Básico
Example:
Did they see Patricia at school? Respuesta larga: Yes, they saw Patricia at school. Respuesta corta: Yes, they did.
y cuando el auxiliar Did se use en una respuesta negativa larga, el verbo tendrá que estar en presente simple. Example:
Did they see Patricia at school? Respuesta larga: No, they didn’t see Patricia at school. Respuesta corta: No, they didn’t.
Contracción:
Didn’t = Did not
171
Inglés Básico
Grammar / Gramática Regular Verbs/ Verbos Regulares 1.
2. 3. 4.
Infinitive
+
Ed
Talk
+
ed
infinitive
+
D
Like
+
D
Infinitive – y
= talked = liked
+
ied
cry
= cried
Infinitive
+ double final consonant + ed
Stop
=
stopped
Irregular Verbs/ Verbos Irregulares Infinitive Be Become Begin Bring Build Buy Come Do Drink Drive Eat Find Read Say See Sell Send Shut Sleep Speak Spend
Past Was / were Became Began Brought Built Bought Came Did Drank Drove Ate Found Read Said Saw Sold Sent Shut Slept Spoke Spent
Infinitive Get Give Go Have Make Leave Learn Know Keep Meet Pay Put Stand Take Teach Tell Think Understand Wear Write
172
Past Got Gave Went Had Made Left Learnt Knew Kept Met Paid Put Stood Took Taught Told Thought Understood Wore Wrote
Inglés Básico
Affirmative and Negative: Subject I You He She We they
Verb Went Didn’t go Did not go
Complement To the supermarket Yesterday To the bank Last Saturday there Last night
Questions Auxiliary Verb Did Didn’t
Subject He She We They You I
Verb Go
Complement There Last week? Last month? Last night? Last year? At 9:00? Yesterday?
Examples: Short Answers
Yes, (I) did. No, (she) Didn’t.
Long Answers:
Yes, I went to the supermarket yesterday. No, I didn´t go to the supermarket yesterday.
173
Inglés Básico
Exercises Exercise 1 Read the following story. (Lea el siguiente cuento) Part I Alice and Pedro are on vacation. It’s 10:00 at night. They’re on a very dark and lonely country road. Suddenly their car stops. Alice
What’s wrong with the car?
Pedro:
I don’t know .
Alice:
Did you put in any gas today?
Pedro:
I put some in this afternoon.
Alice
What are we going to do?
Pedro:
I’m going to find a phone.
Alice:
I’m going with you.
Pedro:
No, It’s freezing! Stay here, lock the door.
Alice:
Please, be careful.
Part II Pedro comes back a few minutes later. Pedro:
Alice, It’s me. Open the door. Sorry, did I scare you?.
Alice:
Yes, you did! Did you find a phone?
Pedro:
No, but I found a hotel. I went around the corner up there and saw it. They have a room for tonight. We can call a garage tomorrow. Come on!
Part III They’re in the hotel room. Pedro goes into the bathroom. There’s a noise outside. Alice:
Pedro! Did you hear that?
174
Inglés Básico
Pedro:
What?
Alice:
I heard something. A strange noise.
Pedro:
I didn’t hear anything.
Alice:
You were in the bathroom.
Pedro: Alice:
Yes, and there aren’t any towels. I’m going down to the front desk. O.K.
Pedro:
Don’t worry; Alice. I’m not frightened.
Pedro:
Alice!
Alice:
What’s the matter?
Pedro:
I went outside… and I saw someone in the hall. He was wearing a long black coat, like count Dracula. He had two big teeth, and….
Alice:
This isn’t funny, Pedro.
Pedro:
He was there! I saw him. He went around the corner and I went after him. But there wasn’t anyone there.
Alice:
What? There wasn’t anyone there?
Pedro:
That’s right. I didn’t see anyone. Ssh! Did you hear that?
Alice:
It’s that same noise again.
Pedro:
Come one, I’m not staying here. Let’s go.
Part IV They are at the front desk Alice: Pedro:
Pedro, look. It’s a Halloween* party And there’s count Dracula! Come on, We’re staying!
* Halloween is a popular festival that takes place on October 31.
Many
people wear strange, frightening, or funny costumes. There are parades, dances, and parties in many places.
175
Inglés Básico
B.
Read again and answer these questions. (Lea de nuevo y conteste estas preguntas)
Example: Did Pedro put in any gas today? Yes, he put some gas today. 1.
Did he find a phone?
2.
What did he find?
3.
What did Alice hear?
4.
Where was Pedro?
5.
What did Pedro see?
6.
What did Pedro and Alice see at the front desk?
7.
How is this party called?
176
Inglés Básico
Exercise 2 Write negative and affirmative answers to these questions. (Escriba respuestas negativas y afrimativas a estas preguntas) Example:
Did you drink coffee with breakfast this morning? Yes, I drank coffee with breakfast this morning. No, I didn’t drink coffee with breakfast this morning.
1.
Did you eat eggs for breakfast this morning?
2.
Did he walk to school today?
3.
Did she drive home this morning?
4.
Did they come to work yesterday evening?
5.
Did we read the newspaper this morning?
177
Inglés Básico
Exercise 3 A.
Write negative sentences.
Use the words in parenthesis. Escriba
oraciones negativas. Use las palabras en parentesis. Example: I woke up at 8:30 (8:15) I didn’t wake up at 8:15 1.
They swam 400 yards. (800 yards)
2.
The lesson began at 9:00. (9:10)
3.
They drank tea (milk)
4.
He ran 100 yards (400 yards)
178
Inglés Básico
Vocabulary A / an Be careful Call Car Come back Corner Count Country Dark Door Few Freezing Front desk Fuel Funny Garage Gas Hall Halloween Here Know Later Lock Lonely Minutes Night Noise Open Outside Party Put Road Stay Scare Story Teeth Today Towel Vacation Very With Wrong
Uno, una Tener cuidado Llamar Carro Regresar Esquina Conde Campo/ país Oscuro-a Puerta Poco Congelado Recepción Combustible Chistoso, gracioso Garage/taller Gasolina Pasillo Fiesta de brujas Aquí Saber, conocer Más tarde Cerrar con seguro Solitario-a Minutos Noche Ruido Abrir Afuera Fiesta Colocar Camino Quedarse Asustar Cuento Dientes Hoy Toalla Vacación Muy Con Equivocación, problema
179
Inglés Básico
Self – evaluation / Autoevaluación A.- Answer the following questions. Use complete answers. (Conteste las siguientes preguntas. Use respuestas completas) Example: What time did María get up this morning? She got up at six o’clock this morning. 1.
Did José have eggs for breakfast?
2.
Did you go to school last week?
3.
What did they play yesterday?
4.
Did your father watch TV last night?
B. Read (Lea) Last night Carol stayed at home. She read a novel until 12 P.M. It was late and she was tired so she went to bed. In the morning she got up early, at 7 a.m. she watched TV for 15 minutes. Then she had juice, coffee, bread, and cheese at home. It was Saturday and schools are closed on Saturdays. At 8 a.m. she went to the library. Carol is a good student.
180
Inglés Básico
Write true or false. If you write false, write the true information. (Escriba verdadero o falso. Si escribes falso, suministra la información verdadera) Example: F
Carol was in the library yesterday evening.
Carol stayed at home yesterday evening. 1.
She read a novel yesterday.
2.
She went to sleep last night about 10 p.m.
3.
Today she had coffee and juice at school.
4.
She went to the library in the morning.
5.
She watched TV today for two hours.
181
Inglés Básico
Answers to Self-evaluation / Respuestas a la Autoevaluación
A.1.
Yes, he had eggs for breakfast. No, he didn’t have eggs for breakfast.
2.
Yes, I went to school last week No, I didn’t go to school last week.
3.
They played (baseball) yesterday.
4.
Yes, he watched TV last night. No, he didn’t watch TV last night.
B. 1.
2.
T
F She went to sleep last night about 12 p.m.
3.
F She had coffee and juice at home.
4.
5.
T
F She watched TV today for 15 minutes
182
Inglés Básico
Written Work / Trabajo Escrito
Write a 10 line paragraph about a what you did yesterday. ( Escribe un párrafo de diez (10) líneas.
183
Inglés Básico
Prueba de revision final Unidades I al X
184
Inglés Básico
I. Arrange the following sentences. (Organice las oraciones siguientes) Example: at – at – 3 o’clock – she – ten – is – usually – home She usually is at home at three o’clock. 1) in – August – takes – always – vacation – she ___________________________________________________________ 2) an – has – Helen – to – wear – uniform ___________________________________________________________ 3) she – English- everyday – work – practices – at ___________________________________________________________ 4) the – working – is – in – office – the – secretary ___________________________________________________________ II.
185
Inglés Básico
Read about Richard Gere and Cindy Crawford, then write the answers of the following questions. (Lea acerca de Richard Gere y Cindy Crawford, luego escriba las respuestas a las siguientes preguntas) Example: What does Richard Gere do? He’s an actor. 1.
What does Cindy Crawford do?
_____________________________________________________________ 2.
Name some of his films.
_____________________________________________________________ 3.
Are they married?
_____________________________________________________________ 4.
Where do they live?
_____________________________________________________________ Answer the following questions. (Conteste las siguientes
III.
preguntas) Example: Do you go to the beach every weekend? No, I don’t. / Yes, I do. 1.
Does Alice write books?
_____________________________________________________________ 2.
Do they usually eat in a restaurant?
_____________________________________________________________ 3.
Does he eat chicken everyday?
_____________________________________________________________
186
Inglés Básico
4.
Did he work in the office yesterday?
_____________________________________________________________ 5.
Did you go to school last week?
_____________________________________________________________ 6.
Are you a good student?
_____________________________________________________________ 7.
Is Merly a nurse?
_____________________________________________________________ 8.
What are you doing?
_____________________________________________________________ 9.
Are you studying English?
_____________________________________________________________ IV.
Change to question the following sentences. (Cambie a pregunta las siguientes oraciones)
Example: I was born in 1961 When were you born? 1.
She plays tennis every Saturday.
_____________________________________________________________ 2.
They worked late last night.
_____________________________________________________________ 3.
He is going to school.
_____________________________________________________________ 4.
They are cleaning the office.
_____________________________________________________________
187
Inglés Básico
V.
Look at the map, then answer the following question: How can I get to the Police Station?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
188
Inglés Básico
Clave de respuesta de la prueba de revisión final
189
Inglés Básico
Part I 1.
She always takes vacations in August
2.
Helen has to wear a uniform
3.
She practices English at work everyday
4.
The secretary is working in the office
Part II 1.
She is an actress
2.
Pretty woman, Yanks, etc.
3.
Yes, they are
4.
They live in USA
Part III 1.
Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t.
2.
Yes, they do. No, they don’t.
3.
Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.
4.
Yes, he did. No, he didn’t.
5.
Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
6.
Yes, I am. No, I am not.
7.
Yes, she is. No, she isn’t.
8.
I’m studying, playing…..
9.
Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
Part IV 1.
Does she play tennis everyday?
2.
Did they work late last night?
3.
Where he is going?
4.
What are they cleaning?
190
Inglés Básico
Part V Go straight ahead Washington Street. On the second block turn right to Third Avenue. Walk down Third Avenue, then turn left on the second block to Lincoln Street. The Police Station is on the right.
191
Inglés Básico
BIBLIOGRAFÍA
- BADALAMENTI V, HENNER Stanchina, C. (2000), Grammar Dimensions, form, meaning and use. Heinle & Heinle. - DU VIVIER, M, HOPKINS, A, POTTER J. (1994), Look Ahead, Teacher`s Book 1 - MAURER, J, SCHOENBERG J. (1999), True Colors Basic, Teacher`s Editor. - MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN, DIRECCIÓN DE EDUCACIÓN DE ADULTOS (1994), INGLES, 7° semestre, Caracas - MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN, DIRECCIÓN DE EDUCACIÓN DE ADULTOS (1994), INGLES, 8° semestre, Caracas - MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN, DIRECCIÓN DE EDUCACIÓN DE ADULTOS (1994), INGLES, 9° semestre, Caracas - _________________ (S/F) Spectrum 1, Student Book, Prentice Hall Regents. - VINEY P, VINEY K, REIN D. (1993), Main Street, Student Book 1, Oxford University Press. -
VINEY P, VINEY K, REIN D. (1993), Main Street Student Book 2.
192
