PHILIPPINE LIT IN THE MODERN PERIODFull description
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PRESENTS THE PROGRESS AND VARIATIONS OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE DURING SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD AND EXPLAINS THE IMPORTANCE OF AMERICAN COLONIZATION IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
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Descripción: Japanese Literature
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JAPANESE PERIOD (1941 - 1945) HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Philippine Literature was interrupted in its development when the Philippines was again conquered conquered by another another oreign oreign country! country! "apan# Philippine Philippine literature literature in $nglish can to a halt# $%cept or the TRIBUNE and the PHILIPPINE REVIEW ! almost all newspapers in $nglish were stopped by the "apanese# &he wee'ly wee'ly LIWAYWAY was placed under strict surveillance until it was managed by a "apanese named shiwara# &his had an advantageous eect o ilipino Literature! which e%perienced renewed attention attention because writers in $nglish turned to writing writing in ilipino# Juan Laya! who used to write in $nglish turned to ilipino because o the strict prohibitions o the Philippines o the "apanese regarding any writing in $nglish# n other words! ilipino literature was given a brea' during this period# *any wrote plays! poems! short stories! etc# &opics and themes were oten about lie in the provinces# FILIPINO POETRY &he common theme o most poems during the "apanese occupation occupation was nationalism! country! love! lie in the barrios! aith! religion! and the arts# Three Type !" P!e# $% Ha&'u ( + poem o ree verse that the "apanese li'ed# t was made up o 1, syllables divided into three lines# &he irst lie had 5 syllables! the second had , syllables! and the third had 5# t is allegorical in meaning# t is short and covers a wide scope in meaning# Tu)u*& ila mo.ytaba'## +ngbula'la'nanginig /a paglapit mo#
.% Kara Karan& n&/a /an, n,An Any! y! FILIPINO DRA0A &he drama e%perienced e%perienced a lull during the "apanese "apanese period because movie houses showing +merican ilms were closed# &he big movie houses were ust made to show stage shows# *any o the plays were reproductions o $nglish plays to &agalog# rancisco rancisco /oc odrigo! odrigo! +lberto 6oncio! and arciso arciso Pimentel Pimentel ounded ounded the organi7ation o ilipino players named Dra#a)&1 Ph&-&pp&ne# $% J!e J!e 0a% 0a% Her Hernan2 nan2e3 e3 8 wrote P++: P+ +% Fran1& Fran1&1! 1! S!1R S!1R!2, !2,r&, r&,! ! 8 wrote P0L+! /+ P0& .% C-!2ua C-!2ua-2! -2! 2e- 0un2! 0un2! 8 wrote ;0L+<+ 4% Ju-&an Ju-&an Cru3 Ba-#a1 Ba-#a1e2a e2a 8 wrote /= ;+ 2+:=3! +L /+ ++2! ++2! and <+&$ < P+&+:# FILIPINO SHORT STORY &he ield o the short story widened during the "apanese =ccupation# *any Br&,&2! Ba)un,*a'a-5 Ba)un,*a'a-5 0a1ar&! 0a1ar&! P&ne2a5 P&ne2a5 wrote short stories# stories# +mong +mong them were> Br&,&2! Sera"&n Gu&n&,un2!5 L&/ay/ay Ar1e!5 Nar1&! Ra#!5 NV0 G!n3a-e5 A-&1&a L!pe3 L L&,aya Pere35 and G-!r&a Gu3#an# &he best writings in 1945 were selected by a group o udges composed o Fran1&1! I1a&an!5 J!e Eperan3a Cru35 An)!n&! R!a-e5 C-!2ua-2!2e- 0un2! and Te!2!r! San)!# F&r) Pr&3e6 arciso eyes with his L0P+< L0P+< &0;0+ Se1!n2 Pr&3e6 Liwayway+rceo.s 0+? +< &<+< + L0P+ Th&r2 Pr&3e6 @*
+% Tana,a na,a ( t t is li'e the ai'u since it is short but it had measure and rhyme# $ach line had 1, syllables and is also allegorical in meaning# 1
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PHILIPPINE LITERATURE IN ENGLISH ;ecause o the strict prohibitions imposed by the "apanese in the writing and publishing o wor's in $nglish! Philippine literature in $nglish e%perienced a dar' period# &he ew who dared to write did so or their bread and butter or or propaganda# ?riting that came out during this period were ournalistic in nature# ?riters elt suppressed but slowly! the spirit o nationalism started to seep into their consciousness# CARLOS P% RO0ULO 8 e was a noteworthy writer during the period# e won the Pu-&)3erPr&3e or his bestsellers /+? &$ +LL = &$ PLPP$/! /$$ &$ PLPP$/ /$ and his *=&$ +*$6+ + *: ;=&$ +*$6+/# e also wrote &$ L+0<&$ = *: +&$ (1944)! &$ @=6$ = ;+&++ (194A)! /B LP= P=$& (194C)#
=ther writers o this period were Juan C!--a (1944)! T!#a C!n"e!r (1945)! R!#an A% 2e-a Cru3 and E-&a Ta*u9ar% 0y Fa)her G!e T! C!ur) :Car-! Bu-!an; ?hen was our! lived with my mother and brothers and sisters in a small town on the island o Lu7on# ather.s arm had been destroyed in 191F by one o our sudden Philippine loods! so several years aterwards we all lived in the town though he preerred living in the country# ?e had as a ne%t door neighbor a very rich man! whose sons and daughters seldom came out o the house# ?hile we boys and girls played and sang in the sun! his children stayed inside and 'ept the windows closed# is house was so tall that his children could loo' in the window o our house and watched us played! or slept! or ate! when there was any ood in the house to eat#
N&1' J!a8u&n produced &$ ?=*+ ?= L==2$ L2$ L+D+0/# F% B% I1a&an! wrote essays in &$ PLPP$ $@$?# A-"re2! L&)&a)1! published ?& + + /L< J!e P% Laure- published =6$/ &+& *+2$ + +&= <$+&
ow! this rich man.s servants were always rying and coo'ing something good! and the aroma o the ood was wated down to us orm the windows o the big house# ?e hung about and too' all the wonderul smells o the ood into our beings# /ometimes! in the morning! our whole amily stood outside the windows o the rich man.s house and listened to the musical si77ling o thic' strips o bacon or ham# can remember one aternoon when our neighbor.s servants roasted three chic'ens# &he chic'ens were young and tender and the at that dripped into the burning coals gave o an enchanting odor# ?e watched the servants turn the beautiul birds and inhaled the heavenly spirit that drited out to us#
/ome days the rich man appeared at a window and glowered down at us# e loo'ed at us one by one! as though he were condemning us# ?e were all healthy because we went out in the sun and bathed in the cool water o the river that lowed rom the mountains into the sea# /ometimes we wrestled with one another in the house beore we went to play# ?e were always in the best o spirits and our laughter was contagious# =ther neighbors who passed by our house oten stopped in our yard and oined us in laughter#
"ournalists include Sa-7a2!r P% L!pe3! Le!n 0a% Guerrer!! Rau0an,-apu3! and Car-! Bu-!an#
(194A)#
President *anuel L# Eue7on.s autobiography &$ <== <& was published posthumously# adio broadcasts echoes the mingled ear and doubts in the heats o the people#
+s time went on! the rich man.s children became thin and anemic! while we grew even more robust and ull o lie# =ur aces were bright and rosy! but theirs were pale and sad# &he rich man started to cough at nightG then he coughed day and night# is wie began coughing too# &hen the children started to cough! one ater the other# +t night their coughing sounded li'e the bar'ing o a herd o seals# ?e hung outside 2
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their windows and listened to them# ?e wondered what happened# ?e 'new that they were not sic' rom the lac' o nourishment because they were still always rying something delicious to eat# =ne day the rich man appeared at a window and stood there a long time# e loo'ed at my sisters! who had grown at in laughing! then at my brothers! whose arms and legs were li'e the molave! which is the sturdiest tree in the Philippines# e banged down the window and ran through his house! shutting all the windows# rom that day on! the windows o our neighbor.s house were always closed# &he children did not come out anymore# ?e could still hear the servants coo'ing in the 'itchen! and no matter how tight the windows were shut! the aroma o the ood came to us in the wind and drited gratuitously into our house# =ne morning a policeman rom the presidencia came to our house with a sealed paper# &he rich man had iled a complaint against us# ather too' me with him when he went to the town cler' and as'ed him what it was about# e told ather the man claimed that or years we had been stealing the spirit o his wealth and ood#
HProceed!I said the udge# &he rich man.s lawyer umped up and pointed his inger at ather# Ho you or you do not agree that you have been stealing the spirit o the complaint.s wealth and ood3I H do notJI ather said# Ho you or do you not agree that while the complaint.s servants coo'ed and ried at legs o lamb or young chic'en breast you and your amily hung outside his windows and inhaled the heavenly spirit o the ood3I H agree#I ather said# Ho you or do you not agree that while the complaint and his children grew sic'ly and tubercular you and your amily became strong o limb and air in comple%ion3I H agree#I ather said#
?hen the day came or us to appear in court! ather brushed his old +rmy uniorm and borrowed a pair o shoes rom one o my brothers# ?e were the irst to arrive# ather sat on a chair in the center o the courtroom# *other occupied a chair by the door# ?e children sat on a long bench by the wall# ather 'ept umping up rom his chair and stabbing the air with his arms! as though we were deending himsel beore an imaginary ury#
How do you account or that3I ather got up and paced around! scratching his head thoughtully# &hen he said! H would li'e to see the children o complaint! "udge#I H;ring in the children o the complaint#I
&he rich man arrived# e had grown old and eebleG his ace was scarred with deep lines# ?ith him was his young lawyer# /pectators came in and almost illed the chairs# &he udge entered the room and sat on a high chair# ?e stood in a hurry and then sat down again# +ter the courtroom preliminaries! the udge loo'ed at the ather# Ho you have a lawyer3I he as'ed#
&hey came in shyly# &he spectators covered their mouths with their hands! they were so ama7ed to see the children so thin and pale# &he children wal'ed silently to a bench and sat down without loo'ing up# &hey stared at the loor and moved their hands uneasily# ather could not say anything at irst# e ust stood by his chair and loo'ed at them# inally he said! H should li'e to cross 8 e%amine the complaint#I
H don.t need any lawyer! "udge!I he said# HProceed#I 3
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Ho you claim that we stole the spirit o your wealth and became a laughing amily while yours became morose and sad3I ather said#
Hid you hear it3I he as'ed# Hear what3I the man as'ed#
H:es#I H&he spirit o the money when shoo' this hat3I he as'ed# Ho you claim that we stole the spirit o your ood by hanging outside your windows when your servants coo'ed it3I ather said# H:es#I
H:es#I H&hen you are paid!I ather said#
H&hen we are going to pay you right now!I ather said# e wal'ed over to where we children were sitting on the bench and too' my straw hat o my lap and began illing it up with centavo pieces that he too' out o his poc'ets# e went to *other! who added a istul o silver coins# *y brothers threw in their small change#
&he rich man opened his mouth to spea' and ell to the loor without a sound# &he lawyer rushed to his aid# &he udge pounded his gravel#
H*ay wal' to the room across the hall and stay there or a ew minutes! "udge3I ather said#
ather strutted around the courtroom the udge even came down rom his high chair to sha'e hands with him# H;y the way!I he whispered! H had an uncle who died laughing#I
H6ase dismissed#I e said#
H+s you wish#I H:ou li'e to hear my amily laugh! "udge3I ather as'ed3 H&han' you!I ather said# e strode into the other room with the hat in his hands# t was almost ull o coins# &he doors o both rooms were wide open# H+re you ready3I ather called# HProceed#I &he udge said# &he sweet tin'le o the coins carried beautiully in the courtroom# &he spectators turned their aces toward the sound with wonder# ather came bac' and stood beore the complaint#
H?hy not3I Hid you hear that children3I ather said# *y sisters started it# &he rest o us ollowed them soon the spectators were laughing with us! holding their bellies and bending over the chairs# +nd the laughter o the udge was the loudest o all#
