Book Reviews
excessive daytime sleepiness, parasomnias, including restless legs syndrome, and disorders of the circadian rhythm. Section VII concerns sleep disorders in children related to neurological, neuromuscular, and other disorders, while the next two sections review sleep in patients with pulmonary disorders and sleep-disordered breathing syndromes and their therapy. Extensively reviewed are also sleep in patients with other medical disorders (renal, gastrointestinal, rheumatic, endocrine, cancer, and HIV). A special section is dedicated to sleep in patients with neurologic disorders, for example, dementia, parkinsonian syndromes, seizures, etc., while Section XIII refers to sleep in psychiatric disorders. It is followed by reviews on the effects of medications on sleep and wakefulness, while the last section is dedicated to monitoring sleep and wakefulness, including polysomnography, monitoring respiration, movements, nasal pressure and many other parameters. All contributions are well organized, with subheadings, summaries or conclusions, instructive illustrations of good quality, and selected reference lists. In summary, this voluminous book on sleep medicine really provides a timely overview of practically all problems of sleep and its disorders within the framework of general medicine. It will certainly contribute to further advances in the research of multidisciplinary sleep medicine. K. A. Jellinger Vienna Clinical Neurology of the Older Adult Joseph I. Sirven and Barbara L. Malamut. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, 2002. 558 pp., ISBN 0-781-72789-6. Neurological diseases are a major cause of disability and dependence in the elderly. With the growth of the aging population, there is an increased demand for information regarding the course of aging and its impact on the nervous system, diseases affecting the elderly, their diagnosis and treatment. Considering the multimorbidity of senior people, in both clinical and psychological settings, the approach to diagnosis and treatment of disorders in the aged can be different and markedly more complicated than in younger adults. It is
the purpose of this book, edited by an experienced neurologist from the Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, and a skilled psychologist from Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, to serve as a practical guide to all health and psychology professionals and others who serve the geriatic population. The book is divided into four sections. In the first part – Introduction: What makes the older adult unique? – neurological examination, imaging and diagnostic tests as well as age-related changes in pharmacodynamics, drug interaction and adverse effects, neurology in the postmenopausal woman, and cognitive changes associated with ‘normal’ aging are reviewed. Section II – Common signs and symptoms in the older adult – deals with acute confusional state, delisirum, transient loss of consciousness, syncope and seizures, dizziness and vertigo, falls and gait disorders, disorders of speech and language, tremor, neuro-ophthalmology, sleep, headache, back and neck pain, and incontinence and sexual dysfunction in the elderly. The extensive Section III – Specific neurological conditions affecting the older adult – reviews ischemic cerebrovascular disease and its cognitive effects, cerebral hemorrhage, cognitive effects of head trauma, diagnostic evaluation and treatment of dementia and its behavioral and cognitive aspects. Further chapters are dedicated to movement disorders and their cognitive effects, diseases of spinal cord and vertebrate, neuromuscular diseases, viral and nonviral infections of the nervous system, neuro-oncology, neurological manifestations of systemic disease, including cardio-pulmonary, gastrointestinal and endocrine system disorders, disturbances of kidney, electrolyte and water balance, rheumatology, hematology, oncology, alcohol, and iatrogenic conditions, and, finally, acute and chronic seizures in the older adult. The last section – Psychological issues in the older adult – presents overviews of recognition and management of mood disorders, somatization, neurorehabilitation, long-term care options, and ethical and legal issues in the care of elderly patients with neurologic disorders. The 35 chapters, written by a large number of experts in neuro-gerontology mainly, but not exclusively, from the USA, are usually concise, well organized with many subheadings, summaries, and a short reference list. They cover practically all aspects of neurological problems
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in advanced age from a practical point of view, but based on recent scientific state of the art. A large number of tables, extensive cross-referencing, helpful medication charts, and diagnostic algorithms as well as an extensive subject index allow rapid access to all major neurological problems in the older adult. An appendix lists organizations that address the clinical care needs of older people in the USA. Thus, this book represents an ideal resource for neurologists, geriatricians, and primary-care physicians engaged in the care of elderly patients with neurological disorders. K. A. Jellinger Vienna Practical Neurology Second edition edited by Jose´ Biller. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia 2002, 846 pp., ISBN 0-781-73019-8 The present second edition of Practical Neurology, edited by Jose´ Biller, Chairman of the Department of Neurology, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA, like the first edition, is intended as a practical and clinically essential guidance on the diagnosis and management of a wide range of neurologic disorders commonly seen in daily practice. This popular reference book is divided into 58 chapters – 35 on diagnosis, 23 on treatment including ‘ABCs’ of neurologic emergencies and one appendix on clinical signs and auxiliary diagnostic studies of delirium – all written by established and experienced clinicians. Compared with the first edition, many chapters have been rewritten, new chapters and illustrations have been added in order to present an up-to-date review of essential practical neurology, approaching the basics of neurologic diagnosis and treatment as well as the more common neurological diseases. The first part – Diagnosis – presents chapters on approach to patients with acute confusional state, dementia, aphasia, memory impairment, coma, seizures, syncope, gait disturbances and recurrent falls, sleep disorders, vision loss, abnormal pupils, diplopia, facial numbness and pain, facial weakness, dizziness and vertigo, hearing loss, dysphagia, dysarthria, acute, chronic and recurrent headache, neck pain with and without associated arm pain,
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lumbosacral radiculopathy, upper and lower extremity pain and paresthesias, failed back syndrome, acute sensory loss, hyperkinesia, hypokinesia, acute muscle weakness, bladder, bowel and sexual dysfunction. Further, chapters review common neurologic conditions, selective electrodiagnosis, spinal fluid and other ancillary testing, common problems in paediatric neurology, and ethical issues in neurology. The ‘Treatment’ part deals with ischaemic and haemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease, epilepsy in children and adults, multiple sclerosis, movement disorders, dementia, central nervous system (CNS) infections, neurologic complications of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, spinal cord disorders, neuropathy, myopathy, neuromuscular junction abnormalities, migraine and other headache, chronic pain, complex regional pain syndrome, primary CNS tumours, nervous system complications of cancer, neurotoxicology, sleep disorders, dizziness and vertigo, neurologic diseases in pregnancy, the ABCs in neurologic emergencies and, as an appendix, clinical signs and ancillary diagnostic methods for delirium. All chapters are concisely written, with many subheadings and a more or less uniform organization that enables rapid informing about the many-fold different subjects and problems of practical neurology. Many chapters are provided with informative tables, drawings and essential figures, and a short list of recommended readings. Because of excellent editorial policy, this book with 813 pages of text in small print provides an excellent overview of all practical problems of diagnosis, differential diagnosis, essential diagnostic and laboratory methods and the current status of medical treatment of all major neurologic disorders. Its concise, userfriendly outline format makes key facts easy to find and use, with practical focus on every-day neurology and clear information of recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of neurologic diseases and disorders – invaluable to a range of expertise levels, the new edition of Practical Neurology is a great reference for practitioners, residents, medical students, and also for experienced clinical neurologists who will find rapid and clear information about practical problems in neurology. K. A. Jellinger Vienna, Austria
Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 2nd edition Lars Edvinsson and Diana N. Krause, eds. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 2002, 510 pp., ISBN 0-781-72259-4, Hardbound, US$ 169.00. Since about one decade ago, when the first edition of the seminal volume on Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, edited by L. E. E. T. MacKenzie and J. McCulloch, appeared, an enormous increase of knowledge in this complex field of neurosciences has been achieved. Thus, the two new editors from Lund, Sweden, and Irvine, CA, USA, have undertaken the difficult task to present an updated overview of various aspects of cerebral circulation and metabolism, written by a number of experts from the USA, UK, Sweden, Germany, France, Canada, Japan, and Switzerland, who have provided a wellbalanced text ranging from anatomy, genetics, biochemistry, function, pathophysiology to clinical aspects. The book contains five major parts with 31 chapters covering all major aspects of cerebral circulation and metabolism, with a historical foreword by D. H. Ingvar, one of the pioneers of brain blood flow studies. Part I – Anatomical Basis – presents overviews of the comparative anatomy of cerebral circulation and the anatomy of the blood vessel wall (the editors) and perivascular nerves in brain vessels (L. Edvinsson and E. Hamel). Part II – Physiological Bases – covers chapters on ion channels in cerebral arteries (G. C. Wellman and M. T. Nelson), pharmacological coupling in cerebrovascular smooth muscle (W. J. Pearce), endothelial regulation (D. N. Krause), the blood–brain barrier (W. M. Partridge), energy generation in the CNS (G. A. Dienel), metabolic and vascular effects of neurotransmitters (P. J. Magistrett et al.), and neurovascular control of the cerebral circulation (P. J. Goodsby and L. Edvinsson). Part III – Pharmacological Bases – reviews catecholamines, neuropeptide Y and neuropeptides (the editors), acetylcholine (E. Hamel and P. Lacombe), calcium gene related peptide (S. A. Kane and K. S. Koblan), 5-hydroxytryptamine and its receptors (R. Harsgreaves and M. Beer), nitric oxide (C. Indecola and K. Niwa), purines and related nucleotides (R. M. Bryan), prostaglandins and other eicosanoids (J. A. S. Hansen-Schwartz and
L. Edvinsson), histamine (L. Edvinsson and A. Ottersson), and cytokines (W. J. Pearc). Part IV – Fundamental Responses of the Cerebral Circulation – contains chapters on measuring cerebral blood flow and metabolism (U. Dirnagel et al.), changes in arterial gas tension (P. D. Hurn and R. J. Traysman), autoregulation of arterial and intracranial pressure (J. M. Chillon and G. L. Baumbach), and functional brain imaging (M. E. Raichle and L. Edvinsson). The last section – Disordered Control: Pathophysiological Aspects – following an extensive overview of molecular mechanisms of ischaemic brain damage (T. Wieloch), presents rather brief chapters on neuroprotection in stroke therapy (K. R. Lees and H.-C. Diener), primary neurovascular headache – migraine and cluster headache (P. J. Goodsby and L. Edvinsson), subarachnoid haemorrhage (J. A. S. Hansen-Schwartz and L. Edvinsson), and ageing and dementia (R. Grzanna). All chapters are concise and clearly written, with many subheadings, illustrative tables, schemes and figures, unfortunately some of substandard print quality. Many chapters have long reference lists up to 2001, while only some also contain conclusions. Thanks to wellperformed editorial policy, there are no or only very few overlaps between the different chapters, and it is astonishing that the senior editor wrote almost half of the chapters alone or together with others – a really impressive work in the present time! An extensive subject index allows rapid orientation in this extraordinary reference volume that presents an outstanding overview of the present state-ofthe-art of cerebral circulation and metabolism. It is strongly recommended to everyone who is interested or working in this complex field of neurosciences. K. A. Jellinger Vienna, Austria Neuropathology. Morphological Diagnosis of Disorders of the Nervous System and Skeletal Muscle, 3rd edition (Neuropathologie. Morphologische Diagnostik der Krankheiten des Nervensystems und der Skelettmuskulatur. 3. Auflage) Ju¨rgen Peiffer, J. Michael Schro¨der, Werner Paulus, eds., Springer Verlag, Berlin, 2002, 723 pp., hardbound, ISBN 3-54041-333-2 Since the publication of the second edition of the German textbook in
ª 2002 EFNS European Journal of Neurology 9, 546–552
