Telescopio Casero

DS BO]DL EO KDOAKDL T UOKAHFHIÊL UOKAHFHIÊL I_LELF_WLAL

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WL]UO DABH]JLUDRL

L> D!O!W A_O[U]L [OÜH]L EO I_LELF_WO * Jd}ljl} 
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[okuael}dh

> ‖UOFO[KHWDH KL[O]H‚

> Kdoakdl{ Mì{dkl{
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[OKKDÛA> ‖Þadkl‚

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Rlfflel}o{ Rdfflauorl& Eot{d Fdfdmäc

 L{o{h}>  L{o{h}>


Ofrd{ Co}jo{ Jlflmo}  <


W}hbo{h}l Uuh}l>

 L~ukoal ]ljê}o~ ]ljê}o~ ]ljê}o~ DD!

DAU]HE_KKDÛA

[o eoahjdal ofo{khwdh& eof i}doih υιΰο ϋξθχοτ l kulf|udo} co}}ljdoal h da{}ujoa da{}ujoah h ûwdkh ûwdkh |uo wo}jdo ro} hmnoh{ hmnoh{ fonlah{ kha jukch jukch jì{ eolffo |uo l {djwfo rd{l! O{ co}}ljdoal buaeljoalf eo fl l{}hahjêl& t klel eo{l}}hffh h wo}bokkdhaljdoah eof ofo{khwdh cl {deh {oiudeh eo lrlako{ oa auo{}l khjw}oa{dûa eof _adro}{h! I}lkdl I}lkdl{{ lf ofo{k ofo{khwd hwdh& h& cojh{ cojh{ whedeh whedeh eo{kum eo{kum}d}  }d}  jukc jukch{ h{ l{wo l{wok kh{ h{ eo fl{ fl{ o{} o{}of offl fl{{ t eo h}h h}h{{ l{}h{! L{ê& fh |uo l {djwfo rd{l wl}oko ua wuah mflakh oa joedh eo fl ahkco& rd{h l }lrä{ eo ua ofo ofo{k {khw hwdh dh le|u le|udo do}o }o khfh khfh}} t jlth jlth}} eol eolffo ffo!! Fl daoa{dele h of m}dffh kha |uo wheojh{ hm{o}rl}  klel o{}offl ah{ el ual deol eo {u {dulkdûa> l jì{ m}dffh jì{ w}hsdjdele l auo{}l wh{dkdûa! Ioao}lfjoao& {o l}dmuto {u daroakdûa l Cla{ Fdww Fdwwo} o}{c {cot ot&& ua blm} blm}dk dkla lao o eo foa foao{ o{ lfoj lfojìa ìa&& lf}o lf}oeo eoeh eh}} eo <273 <273&& wo}h wo}h }okdoa }okdoao{ o{ daro{ daro{dil dilkdh kdhao{ ao{ eof eof dabh}j dabh}jìd ìdkh kh Adk` Adk` Woffda Woffdai i edrufi edrufilel lel{{ oa fl }ord }ord{ {l l m}dì m}dìad adkl kl Cd{ Cd{h} h}tt Uhel Uhelt&P t&P
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cd~h cd~h i}laeo i}laeo{{ eo{kum eo{kum}dj }djdoa doah{ h{ oa l{}h l{}hahj ahjêl& êl& oa}o oa}o fh{ |uo eo{lk eo{lkl l fl hm{o}rlkdûa& of 9 eo oao}h eo <2<7& eo kul}h eo fl{ fual{ eo Nþwdo}  id}laeh oa h}ah l o{o wflaol! Khahkdeh cl{l oahako{ khjh fl foao o{wêl& of ahjm}o ofo{khwdh buo w}hwuo{h w}djo}h wh} of jlojìdkh i}doih Idhrlaad Eojd{dlad of <5 eo lm}df eo <2<< eu}lao ual koal oa ]hjl oa chah} eo Ilfdfoh0 koal oa fl |uo fh{ l{d{oao{ wuedo}ha hm{o}rl} fl{ fual{ eo Nuwdo} wh} joedh eof ofo{khwdh |uo Ilfdfoh clmêl }lêeh kha{dih! Osd{oa rl}dh{ dwh{ eo ofo{khwdh& ahlmfojoao }ob}lkh}o{& |uo udfd~la foao{& }obfokh}o{& |uo doaoa ua o{wonh kûaklrh oa fuil} eo fl foao eof hmnod hmnodrh& rh& t klled klledûw ûw}dk }dkh{& h{& |uo |uo wh{ooa wh{ooa ua o{wonh o{wonh kûakl kûaklrh rh t ual foao foao kh}}okh}l! Of ofo{khwdh }obfokh} buo daroaleh wh} D{llk Aoyha oa <233 t kha{ kha{dut dutû û ua djwh} djwh}la lao o lrlak lrlako o {hm}o {hm}o fh{ ofo{k ofo{khwd hwdh{ h{ eo {u äwhkl äwhkl lf kh}}oid} bìkdfjoao fl lmo}}lkdûa k}hjìdkl kl}lko}ê{dkl eo fh{ ofo{khwdh{ }ob}lkh}o{! Of wl}ìjo}h jì{ djwh}lao eo ua ofo{khwdh o{ of edìjo}h eo {u hmnodrh! _a ofo{khwdh eo lbdkdhaleh ioao}lfjoao doao oa}o 92 t
Wl}l Wl}l eoo eoo}j }jda dal} l} fl{ fl{ kl}l kl}lk ko} o}ê{ ê{ddkl kl{{ eo ua ofo ofo{k {khw hwdh dh&& eomo eomoa a o{l o{l}  }  kha{de a{deo o}lel }lel{{ eh{ eh{ kulfd ulfde eleo{> eo{> {u fhai fhaid du ue bhkl bhklff

t {u lwo} wo}u} u}l l!

 Lf oao} o{l{ eh{ khaedkdhao{& uah wuoeo eoo}jdal} kûjh {o}ìa fl{ djìioao{ m}daelel{ wh} of ofo{khwdh& {da djwh}l} of dwh& t |uä hmnoh{ kofo{o{ whe}ìa ro}{o ûwdjljoao!

;

 Lao{ |uo alel& {o eomo oao} oa kuoal |uo da{}ujoah{ |uo kha{la eo ua o{wonh {okuael}dh #khjh fh{ }obfokh}o{$ hm{}utoa fl lmo}u}l w}dakdwlf t kha offh ed{jdautoa fl lwo}u}l }olf eof ofo{khwdh& o{h ah hku}}o oa fh{ }ob} }ob}lk lkh h}o }o{{ t oa lfiu lfiuah ah{{ }obf }obfok okh h}o }o{{ jut jut }l}h }l}h{{ oa of jo}k jo}kle leh h |uo |uo eo{l}}hffla ua {d{ojl wl}l ah hm{}ud} fl oa}lel! H}h wuah l oao} oa kuoal o{ |uo khjh of hmnodrh eo ua }ob}lkh} o{ ua foao b}ìidf |uo eomo wufd}{o wh} ljmh{ fleh{& ah {o wuoeoa kha{}ud}  lwo} lwo}u u}l }l{{ i}la i}laeo eo{{ t oakd oakdjl jl eo heh heh&& kuo{ kuo{l la a jì{ jì{ wh} wh} koa koaêjo êjo}h }h eo lwo} lwo}u u}l }l |uo |uo h}h h}h{{ ofo ofo{k {khw hwdh dh{& {& fh |uo |uo {dia {diadbdbdk dkl l |uo& |uo& wh} wh} onoj onojwf wfh& h& ua }ob}lkh} eo <<7jj eo lwo}u}l o{ jukch jì{ kl}h |uo ua }obfokh} kha fl jd{jl joedel! Ah}jlf Ah}jlfjoa joao o {o clkoa clkoa eh{ edrd{dh edrd{dhao{ ao{>> fh{ ofo{khwdh{ lwh{ wl}l fl hm{o}rlkdûa wflaol}dl& t fh{ lwh{ wl}l hm{o}rlkdûa eof

o{wlkdh

w}hbuaeh!

Wl}l

fl

hm{o}rlk hm{o}rlkdûa dûa wflaol}dl wflaol}dl {o }o|udo}o }o|udo}o lfh wheo} wheo} eo eobdadk eobdadkdûa dûa t }l~ûa }l~ûa bhklf bhklf lfl& lfl& jdoa jdoa} }l{ l{ |uo |uo wl}l wl}l fl hm{o hm{o}r }rlk lkdû dûa a eof eof o{wl o{wlkd kdh h w}hb w}hbua uaeh eh {o w}ok w}okd{ d{l l eo i}la i}la wheo} eo }okhfokkdûa eo fu~ t }l~ûa bhklf mlnl!

DDD!

B_AELJOAULKDÛA KDOAUÊBDKL

Cl{ Cl{l l |uo |uo Ilfd Ilfdfo foh h hm{o hm{o}r }rû û of kdof kdofh h kha kha {u ofo ofo{k {khw hwdh dh&& aled aledo o clmê clmêl l hm{o}rleh fl{ o{}offl{ kha da{}ujoah{ ûwdkh{! Eo o{l jlao}l& Ilfdfoh wueh ro} kh{l{ |uo aledo clmêl rd{h lao{& t lwh}û w}uoml{ laidmfo{ |uo }omlêla fl wo}bokkdûa eo fh{ kdofh{ eo L}d{ûofo{ t lwhtlmla fl oh}êl cofdhkäa}dkl eo Khwä}adkh! O{ wuo{ o{o oswo}djoah o{ì da{wd}leh oa of ofo{khwdh |uo kha{}uth Ilfdfoh wl}l hm{o}rl} fh{ l{}h{ oa of kdofh! DR!

W]HMFOJL

5

¸Eo |uä jlao}l {o wuoeo kha{}ud} ua ofo{khwdh kl{o}h u{laeh umh eo WRK t foao{ ûwdkh{8 R!

CDWÛUO[D[

_a ofo{khwdh o{ mì{dkljoao ua da{}ujoah ûwdkh |uo }okhio kdo}l kladele eo fu~ t fl khakoa}l oa ua wuah! Fl kladele eo fu~ khfoklel wh} of da{}ujoah eowoaeo buaeljoalfjoao eo fl lwo}u}l eof jd{jh #of edìjo}h eof hmnodrh$! Wl}l rd{ulfd~l} fl{ djìioao{ {o udfd~la fh{ hkufl}o{& fh{ kulfo{ {o ed{whaoa oa of wuah ehaeo fl fu~ o{ khakoa}lel wh} of hmnodrh& of wflah bhklf! [ha fh{ hkufl}o{ fh{ |uo w}hwh}kdhala fh{ lujoah{ lf ofo{khwdh> lf dao}kljmdl} hkufl}o{ {o hmdoaoa edbo}oao{ lujoah{ kha of jd{jh da{}ujoah ! RD!

*

HMNOUDRH[

Kha{}ud} ua ofo{khwdh kl{o}h kha umh{ eo WRK t foao{ ûwdkh{! * El} l khahko} khahko} lf o{uedla o{uedlaleh leh fl djwh}lakdl djwh}lakdl eo fl Bê{dkl Bê{dkl t oa o{wokdlf o{wokdlf eo fl Ûwdkl! RDD!

JOUHEH

Kdoaêbdkh * W}ìkdkh ]OK_][H[ C_JLAH[

RDDD! * *

DS!

O{uedlao{ eof i}uwh eo }lmlnh!  L{o{h}> Ofrd{ Co}jo{ Jlflmo}  Jlflmo}  JLUO]DLFO[

*

Uumo}êl eo WRK eo 57jj eo edìjo}h t =77 eo Fhaidue!

*

Uumo}êl eo WRK eo =7jj eo edìjo}h t <77 eo Fhaidue! ?

*

Ojwlfjo eo WRK eo 57jj eo edìjo}h!

*

Kl{|udffh eo }oeukkdûa eo WRK =?*=7!

*

]oeukh} kûadkh eo WRK ;=*=?*=7!

2

*

]oeukh} kûadkh eo WRK ?7*57*;=!

*

Eh{ Foao{ Kharo}ioao{ #<3jj eo ed{lakdl bhklf$!

9

*

Foao kharo}ioao wl}l of hmnodrh #Oa auo{}h kl{h o{ ua ehmfoo Peh{ foao{ woilel{Z$

S!

W]HKOEDJDOAUH  

W}djo}h jhaljh{ of hkufl}! Khfhkljh{ fl{ = foao{ kha fh{ fleh{ kharo}ioao{ clkdl eoa}h!



 Lf jhal}fh eo o{l bh}jl oae}êljh{ ua ua hkufl}  eo ed{oüh ]lj{eoj!



Oaklnljh{ of umh wo|uoüh ehaeo cojh{ fl{ foao{ eof hmnodrh!



O{o umh {unol fl{ foao{ eof hkufl} wl}l ordl} |uo {o juorla!

3



Jhaljh{ of }oeukh} ;=*=?*=7!



Jhaljh{ fl kofel eof hmnodrh!



Fl foao doao |uo d} kha of fleh kharo}ioao clkdl buo}l!



Oaklnljh{ of umh eo =7kj! oa fl kofel eof hmnodrh!



Khfhkljh{ of umh eo lf bh}jl |uo {unoo fl foao!



Jhaljh{ of }oeukh} ?7*;=*57 4



Of h}h os}ojh eof umh eo =7kj!



O{o }oeukh} ah{ {o}rd}ì wl}l oabhkl} wh} eo{wfl~ljdoah!



Oaklnljh{ ua }oeukh} oa of h}h!



T& tl oaojh{ auo{}h ofo{khwdh!

SD!

KHAKF_[DHAO[ 

[o kha{}utû ua ofo{khwdh kl{o}h kha umh{ eo WRK t foao{ ûwdkh{!

<7



[o edh l khahko} fl djwh}lakdl eo fl Kdoakdl{ Bê{dkl{ t oa o{wokdlf eo fl ûwdkl!

SDD!

LAOSH[

Clt |uo oao} oao} jukch kudeleh kudeleh kha of woiljoah woiljoah ûsdkh!

Fh{ o{uedlao{ kha jl{kl}dffl{ wl}l ah lm{h}mo} fl {u{lakdl ûsdkl eof woiljoah!

<<

W}owl}laeh fh{ jlo}dlfo{ t u{ìaehfh{ ofojoah{ lw}hwdleh{!

<=

Fl hjl eo elh{ o{ jut djwh}lao oa heh w}htokh!

Uofo{khwdh Uofo{khwdh o}jdaleh

Wl}o{ eof ofo{khwdh

H}l rd{l eof ofo{khwdh

<;

Of o|udwh eo }lmlnh eof w}htokh eo kdoakdl{

<5