20150909_Benefits of C-RAN and Adoption Trends

Benefits of C-RAN and adoption trends Monica Paolini, Senza Fili 9 September, 2015

Agenda

Dr. Chih-Lin I, Chief Scientist of Wireless Technologies, China Mobile Research Institute Gael Derven, VP partnership & Business Development, E-Blink

Eran Bello, VP Products and Marketing, ASOCS

Panel discussion and Q&A

September 9, 2015

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© Senza Fili Consulting LLC 2015

C-RAN survey results

Cost savings are major motivation for C-RAN adoption But yet difficult to assess cost savings in the long term September 9, 2015

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Asia is the fastest moving market for C-RAN, followed by North America September 9, 2015

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C-RAN and small cells strengthen each other value proposition September 9, 2015

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Fiber availability is still perceived as the major obstacle to C-RAN adoption September 9, 2015

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Senza Fili provides advisory support on wireless data technologies and services. At Senza Fili we have in depth expertise in financial modelling, market forecasts and research, white paper preparation, business plan support, RFP preparation and management, due diligence, and training. Our client base is international and spans the entire value chain: clients include wireline, fixed wireless, and mobile operators, enterprises and other vertical players, vendors, system integrators, investors, regulators, and industry associations. We provide a bridge between technologies and services, helping our clients assess established and emerging technologies, leverage these technologies to support new or existing services, and build solid, profitable business models. Independent advice, a strong quantitative orientation, and an international perspective are the hallmarks of our work. For additional information, visit www.senzafiliconsulting.com, or contact us at [email protected] or +1 425 657 4991. Monica Paolini, PhD, is the founder and president of Senza Fili. She is an expert in wireless technologies and has helped clients worldwide to understand technology and customer requirements, evaluate business plan opportunities, market their services and products, and estimate the market size and revenue opportunity of new and established wireless technologies. She has frequently been invited to give presentations at conferences and has written several reports and articles on wireless broadband technologies. She has a PhD in cognitive science from the University of California, San Diego (US), an MBA from the University of Oxford (UK), and a BA/MA in philosophy from the University of Bologna (Italy). You can contact Monica at [email protected].

September 9, 2015

See you in Cologne at RAN World, 29-30 September 2015 www.ranworldevent.com

Monica Paolini Senza Fili www.senzafiliconsulting.com [email protected]

September 9, 2015

Recent Progress in C-RAN

Dr. Chih-Lin I Chief Scientist, Wireless Technologies China Mobile Research Institute C-RAN Webinar, September 9, 2015

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C-RAN per CMCC White Paper in 2009 Q1 2012: Revolutionary Evolution of RAN; Essential Element of 5G!

Centralized Control and/or Processing 

Virtual BS Pool

…

…

Centralized processing resource pool that can support 10~1000 cells

Collaborative Radio 

Multi-cell Joint scheduling and processing

Real-Time Cloud (Virtualization)

Real-time Cloud for centralized processing

  

High bandwidth optical transport network

Target to Open IT platform Consolidate the processing resource into a Cloud Flexible multi-standard operation and migration

Clean System Target RRU

Distributed RRU RRU

  

RRU

Less power consuming Lower OPEX Fast system roll-out

RRU RRU

RRU

RRU

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C-RAN trial and deployment in CMCC  Our C-RAN networks span across more than 12 provinces and cities, including 2G, 3G since 2010 and 4G since 2012  In one city, the ongoing TD-LTE deployment, involving more than 1000 sites, is mainly adopting C-RAN

 Key findings:  C-RAN greatly speeds up the network deployment and saves the TCO  FH solutions are mature and diverse for different scenarios  C-RAN greatly helps the system performance improvement Beijing  HetNet  15 sites in 4 super cell  Data rate improved by 50%

Hefei  CPRI over OTN in an area of 1.9km^2  20 sites centralization at 1st stage  more than 100 sites on 2nd stage

Beijing

TD-LTE C-RAN Trials & Qingdao Deployment （2013~ now） Hefei Chengdu

Fuzhou Guangz hou

Qingdao  World-first WDM outdoor version  7 sites, 2-antenna RRUs  Verification of C-RAN UL CoMP with cell-edge data rate improved by 50 – 300%  20% saving of CAPEX in overall Fuzhou • First WDM field trial • 2nd stage finished with 17 sites centralization with passive WDM solution • 22% CAPEX saving, consistent with Qingdao Case • Subsequent C-RAN deployment in TD-L deployment

Winner of Best Overall RAN Initiative (Trial) of RANNY Awards | 11 |


Other Commercial C-RAN deployments

KT • C-RAN commercialization in 2011 • Around 12 central offices in Seoul with each supporting 1000 FDD LTE and 1200～ 7200 WCDMA carriers • • •

SKT • C-RAN commercial deployment since 2011 • Similar centralization scale to KT • L2/L3 processing on x86 platform • one server to support 144 carriers

In China, CU and CT has started C-RAN deployment extensively since 2014; DoCoMo has just successfully completed an outdoor-commercialenvironment verification of its Advanced C-RAN, achieving a 240Mbps downlink using 35MHz bandwidth in February 2015 C-RAN has also been tested or deployed in Europe and North America, e.g. Orange, Verizon etc. | 12 |

Softbank

PR：DOCOMO Verifies Advanced C-RAN in outdoor environment…

Source: KT, SKT, DOCOMO © Senza Fili Consulting LLC 2015

RAN virtualization: the story in a C-RAN prototype LTE VM-based L1+L2+L3 live migration

First PoC developed in house VM+OAI RT-Linux+ Driver

EPC

PCIe

FrontEnd

CPRI

SmarTile Commercial UE (Samsung)

Spectrum analyzer (Keysight)

EPC soft BBU •

•

•

End2end system: from EPC, baseband, radio to UE

•

Front-end: CPRI termination

•

Linux: special optimization to improve real-time performance

•

Commercial EPC, UE

•

Integrated with SmarTile

•

BS configuration & management modules

•

20MHz, 2 antennas

•

4*2-ant SmarTile, [email protected]

SmarTile

Based on OAI *, yet significant improvements via SW architecture redesign & various optimization •

5MHz -> 20MHz LTE

•

Peak DL throughput (45Mbps, Config. 3, single port)

•

Live migration

•

FFT module processing time saved by 1/3

•

•

Dynamic DL resource scheduling to support adaptive video coding (edge app.)

IQ data transportation via PCIe and 10GE

•

Host -> VM

New branch setup in OAI for C-RAN (Sep. 2014,

https://svn.eurecom.fr/openairsvn/openair4G/branches/cran)

*: OAI: http://www.openairinterface.org/ | 13 |


Virtualized C-RAN demoed in MWC 2015 World-first L1+L2+L3 live migration demonstration

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Highlights: •

Optimization on RT performance of hypervisor and OS

•

Interrupt response time: traditional v.s. optimized •

Max: 1.68ms vs 16.90us

•

Avg: 100us vs 4us

•

LTE in VM without acceleration

•

World-first L1+L2+L3 live migration demonstration

•

Optimized down-time performance to 10ms order of magnitude

•

No service interruption during LM

•

I/Q data soft handover during LM

•

Memory sharing to allow high-speed communication b/w Frond-end card, OS and VM


First field trial for C-RAN virtualization with accelerator-based solution • •

•

• •

Multi-RAT: GSM & TD-LTE TD-LTE: • Hybrid indoor and outdoor coverage • 18 indoor cells • 3 outdoor cells BBU pool • Centralized COTS components • 4 standard IT racks, hosting 17 HP servers • 3 10Gbps switches and 1 Gbps switch Accelerator for L1 processing Demo cases • GSM voice calls • iPhone for LTE 2A video streaming • iPhone for LTE 2A video streaming with live migration • Dongle for LTE 2A DL

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NGFI: the next big thing Challenges for future interface/transport network

NGFI considerations

Virtual BS Pool …

…

Real-time Cloud for centralized processing

High bandwidth optical transport network

CPRI →NGFI RRU

RRU

Distributed RRU

RRU

RRU

RRU

RRU

Massive carriers (9.8Gbps for each carrier2 with 20M&8 Ant.)

RRU

P2P connection Low-efficiency, High consumption, Inflexibility

The objectives of NGFI • Enable statistical multiplexing for FH • Decoupling cell&UE proc. and UL&DL • Support 5G key tech. • The key is function re-split between BBU and RRU & re-design of underlined transport networks Ethernet as promising solution • NGFI encapsulation , IEEE 1904 WG

(2-3 Jun in Beijing hosted by CMCC) • Latency enhancement , TSN • Synchronization, IEEE 1588WG & ITU-T • First NGFI workshop on 4th June, 2015

Massive antennas (160Gbps for 128 Ant.) | 16 |


The 1st NGFI workshop in Beijing •

June 4th, CMRI, Beijing • NGFI White Paper version 1 (co-authored by CMCC, Broadcom, Intel, Alcatel-Lucent, ZTE, Nokia) • Keynote speech • Panel discussion • MoU signing ceremony (including Broadcom, Intel, Alcatel-Lucent, ZTE, Nokia, Xilinx)

下一代前传网络接口白皮书 White Paper of Next Generation Fronthaul Interface 版本号 1.0 2015年6月4日

中国移动通信研究院上海贝尔股份有限公司诺基亚网络中兴通讯股份有限公司博通公司英特尔中国研究中心

http://labs.chinamobile.com/cran/ | 17 |


Relevant SDO activities

•

•

• •

IEEE • • • •

IEEE 1904.3 TF: newly founded to address the CPRI encapsulation in the form of Ethernet packet IEEE TSN: work item under preparation IEEE 1588WG: considering specialized solutions to improved synchronization accuracy A NGFI working group (WG) under preparation under the sponsorship of an IEEE-SA Standards Sponsor with founding members of CMCC, AT&T, Huawei, Broadcom (more to join)

CCSA: • Newly founded project in CCSA to study the requirements, scenarios and the key technologies NGMN: • Initial analysis on function split for LTE • NGFI as a key building block for 5G ITU-T: • Initial discussion on how to support synchronization for NGFI • ITU-T FG for IMT-2020, FH being one of the key topics | 18 |


CMCC 5G System Architecture Core Network SDN/NFV

PTN

Transportation network

PON

Unified RAN architecture + Common high layer protocol（UCN/NMC）

based on CRAN/NGFI SDAI(Adaptive radio access) Low Freq. evolved RIT Low Freq. New RIT

Seamless wide-area coverage

High frequency RIT

Massive-MTC RIT

Hotspot and high Low-power & data rate massive-connections | 19 |

Mission-Critical RIT

Low-latency & high-reliability © Senza Fili Consulting LLC 2015

Towards No More Cell No more Cell

Cell specific

Reconstruct common broadcast Centralized radio control for access, Sync, Scheduling and etc Remove C-RNTI and hard handover

Common broadcast Access, Sync, Scheduling and etc Mobility: hard handover Rethink cellular: towards “No More Cell “in Ultra Dense Network (UDN)    

Almost equivalent number and tx power of AP and UE in UDN Unique UE ID in connected mode and network coordinated initial access Enhanced UL measurement for sync and mobility, towards seamless handover Data only Carrier design, for low cost AP deployment

Network coordinated UE ID, Random Access, AP selection, RRC, Mobility and etc.

Macro AP Broadcast all system information over SFN

Data only Carrier No cell specific common broadcast Macro assisted Preferred uplink mobility measurement

User centric Access Cloudlet with on-demand minimum system information | 20 |


“No More Cell”: User Oriented Network based on C-RAN

Cell only exists when user comes User1 vBBU1

User2 vBBU2

BBU Pool

RRU BBU Switch and Forward

RRU1

RRU2

RRU3

RRU4

RRU5 vCell2

vCell1 User 1

User 2 | 21 |


C-RAN: from little known to well known to common consensus in 7 years

• Strong and continuously maturing ecosystem: from CT to IT, from transport to wireless, from centralization to virtualization

Fronthaul & NGRI

BBU pooling HW platform

virtualization

• Various SDOs and initiatives: NGMN, IEEE, ITU-T, ETSI, EU S7FP project, OAI, ETSI etc.

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Summary Revolutionary Evolution of RAN

C-RAN is not a single technology, it’s a technology path  Multiple phases, features and gains Essential Enabling Element of 5G

NGFI for multi-level collaboration, and more  IEEE NGFI WG being launched 5G: Joint Design of AI/MAC/RA and RAN Architecture! | 23 |


Thank you!

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“Wireless fronthaul picks up... ...where fiber leaves off” | 25 |


Network evolution …and densification

From distribution… RRU

x10 Mobile core

Backhaul (Fiber / wireless) BBU

RRU and µRRU Carrier aggregation CoMP, V-RAN…

RRU

µRRU

RRU

RRU RRU

µRR U

LTE – A / 5G / C-RAN RRU C-RAN

Mobile core

BBU

BBU

BBU

BBU

BBU

BBU

BBU

µRR U

µRR U µRR U

Fronthaul (Fiber / Wireless)

…to centralization…

Macro, Remote cell, Metro cell, Small cell 26

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Wireless fronthaul complements fiber BBU Hotel C-RAN

RRU

Macro RRU µRRU

Wireless Backhaul

Fronthaul Fiber Optical fronthaul network

RRU

Macro RRU µRRU

Very last mile

Wireless fronthaul picks up … where fiber leaves off 27

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Network densification with wireless fronthaul

Turn every site into a local C-RAN and add remote macro & micro sectors 28

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Adding a remote sector for capacity

~510M

29

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Adding a remote sector for VIP coverage

30

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EBlink at RAN World – Cologne – 29 & 30 Sep

www.e-blink.com / [email protected] 31

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Virtual-RAN: Delivering on the C-RAN Promise Eran Bello, VP Product & Marketing September 9, 2015 2015 ASOCS Ltd.

Confidential | 33 |


Traditional RAN Topology D-RAN Distributed RAN Traditional Baseband

Fronthaul Baseband to RRH (Local) CPRI over Fiber

Backhaul Transport

EPC 34

Confidential | 34 |


Traditional RAN Topology: Challenges D-RAN Distributed RAN Traditional Baseband

•

Air-interface, configuration specific – Non-agile

Fronthaul

•

Individual cell planning – High CAPEX

Baseband to RRH (Local) CPRI over Fiber

•

Individual cell maintenance – High OPEX

•

Purpose built appliances – Non-Scalable

Backhaul Transport

EPC 35

Confidential | 35 |


Centralized RAN Topology: Base Station ‘Hoteling’ D-RAN

C-RAN

Distributed RAN Traditional Baseband

Centralized RAN Traditional Baseband

SAME Appliances: • Non-agile Fronthaul

• High CAPEX

Fronthaul Transport

Baseband to RRH (Local) CPRI over Fiber

Baseband to RRH CPRI over Fiber

Centralization:

Centralized Baseband Pool

• Improved OPEX

Backhaul Transport

Backhaul Transport

EPC 36

• Improved scalability

EPC Confidential | 36 |


Virtual RAN Topology: Decoupling of Software & Hardware D-RAN

C-RAN

vRAN


Centralized RAN Traditional Baseband

Virtualized RAN Virtual Baseband

Air-interface agnostic Fronthaul Baseband to RRH (Local) CPRI over Fiber

Centralization and Virtualization  Max agility

Fronthaul Transport

Fronthaul Transport

 Max scalability



 Low CAPEX  Low OPEX

Virtualized Baseband Pool Backhaul Transport

Backhaul Transport

Backhaul Transport

EPC 37

Centralized Baseband Pool



Traditional Small Cells Topology Small Cells Distributed RAN Traditional Baseband

• Purpose built appliances – Non-Scalable

• Air-interface, configuration specific – Non-Agile

Backhaul Transport to Proprietary RRH

• Individual cell maintenance – High OPEX • Small cell coverage and capacity – Non-Scalable

Backhaul Transport

EPC 38

Confidential | 38 |


Traditional Small Cells Topology: Meeting Bands Required Small Cells Distributed RAN Traditional Baseband

Increasing densification for coverage • High CAPEX • Non-Scalable


Individual cell maintenance

• High OPEX Air-interface, configuration specific • Non-agile

Backhaul Transport

EPC 39

Confidential | 39 |


Traditional Small Cells Topology: Meeting Capacity Required Small Cells Distributed RAN Traditional Baseband

Increasing densification for capacity • High CAPEX • Non-Scalable


Individual cell maintenance

• High OPEX Air-interface, configuration specific • Non-agile

Backhaul Transport

EPC 40

Confidential | 40 |


D-RAN Split Topology: Adding Appliance to the Network Small Cells

D-RAN Split


Distributed RAN with Split Baseband

SAME purpose built distributed appliances • Non-agile



• Non-Scalable • High CAPEX • High OPEX

Backhaul Transport

Backhaul Transport

EPC 41



Virtual RAN Topology: Decoupling of Software & Hardware Small Cells

D-RAN Split

vRAN


Distributed RAN with Split Baseband

Virtualized RAN Virtual Baseband

Air-interface agnostic Centralization and Virtualization Backhaul Transport to Proprietary RRH

 Max agility  Max scalability

Fronthaul Transport



 Low CAPEX

Virtualized Baseband Pool

 Low OPEX Backhaul Transport

EPC 42

Backhaul Transport

Backhaul Transport



In-Building vRAN: DAS & vBS= HIGH Coverage &Capacity Distributed Antenna System (DAS)

vRAN Virtualized RAN Virtual Baseband

• Air-interface agnostic Fronthaul Transport

• Neutral Host

•Fronthaul Wide Band


Transport

Virtual Base Station (vBS)

RRH •Baseband Fulltoagility

CPRI over Fiber

• Full scalability

•

Baseband Pool

Backhaul Transport

Virtualized Pool LowBaseband CAPEX

• Low OPEXBackhaul Transport

EPC

EPC 43

Confidential | 43 |


RAN Use-cases

Rural area

High Dense Urban

• Distributed RAN

• Virtual RAN

• Traditional Macro Base Stations • High Power Small Cells

44

In-building Residential and Small to Mid-size Enterprise

In-building Mid-size to Large Venues and Enterprise

• WiFi

• WiFi

• Femto Cells

• Virtual RAN

Confidential | 44 |


Virtual Base Station Overview A key component in vRAN: virtual Radio Access Network A software based implementation of traditional base station Deployed in virtual machines on standard COTS servers

Enable shared and dynamic resource allocation

45

Confidential | 45 |


Fully Virtualized Base Station On Standard Cloud • Cloud-RAN deployment at any scale, on an open platform • Unmatched spectrum, energy efficiency • Significantly reduced TCO

46

Confidential | 46 |


NFV vBS-Based RAN: Cloud RAN at the Metro & Edge

Complete RAN Virtualization: Every Layer, all functions, any RRU 47

Confidential | 47 |


Expanding NFV through vBS at the Edge

vBS

vCD vEPC N

vSEC

Deploying vBS at the edge enables other NFV VNF to migrate from core to premise vEPC, vIMS, vCDN, vSecurity, vMonitoring, etc. 48

Confidential | 48 |


In-building and Outdoor vRAN: Value Proposition Improved spectrum efficiency • Enables implementation of advanced technologies to optimize utilization • Joint Processing/Joint Transmission (JP/JT) type of CoMP

Reduced probability for rip & replace

CoMP

• Virtual Base Station resources allocated per deployment topology • Reduces on site engineering time for long manual antenna positioning • Enables Pay as you Grow approach

Single Antenna sector

Multi Antenna sector MIMO

Neutral host platform • A Single platform can support various Carries • Enables Capacity based charging

Evolving DAS to DRAS networks • Distributed Radio Antenna System! 49

Confidential | 49 |


Summary

Complete RAN Virtualization • Every layer, all functions, any RRH and scale • Unparalleled spectrum efficiency • A single unified platform for neutral hosts and Carrier of Carriers • Future proof, paving the way to 5G

50

Confidential | 50 |


Thank You!

www.asocsnetworks.com | 51 |


20150909_Benefits of C-RAN and Adoption Trends

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