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CHANAKYA CHANAKYA NATIONAL NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY, UNIVE RSITY, PATNA
Appeals By Indigent Persons
Subject- CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE
Faculty Mr. B.R.N Sharma
Subm Submit itte ted d by : Name - Shweta Semester -5th Ro No - !"#
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It $s m% &reatest 'easure to be abe to 'rese(t the 'roject to'$c ) *PPE*LS B+ INDI,EN PERSONS o/ C$0$ 'roce1ure Co1e. I /ou(1 $t 0er% $(terest$(& to wor2 o( th$s 'roject. I wou1 $2e to tha(2 m% teacher3 t eacher3 Mr. B.R.N Sharma3
/or 'ro0$1$(& me w$th such a( $(terest$(& 'roject to'$c a(1 /or h$s
co(sta(t su''ort a(1 &u$1a(ce.
I wou1 aso $2e to tha(2 m% $brar$a( /or he'$(& me $( &ather$(& 1ata /or the 'roject. Last3 but (ot the east3 I wou1 heart$% tha(2 m% /am$% a(1 /r$e(1s /or the$r u(wa0er$(& su''ort w$thout wh$ch th$s wor2 wou1 (ot ha0e bee( 'oss$be.
I ho'e that the rea1ers w$ a''rec$ate th$s 'roject wor2.
Shweta.....
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
he metho1 use1 $( the 'roject $s that o/ Doctr$(a research. Ma4$mum 'oss$be use o/ wr$tte( 1ata3 te4ts3 a(1 cases etc3 that are a0a$abe has bee( ma1e. he metho1 $s that o/ $brar% base1 research.
SOURCES OF DATA
he source o/ 1ata that has bee( use1 $s ma$( % seco(1ar% source o/ 1ata. E4te(s$0e use o/ boo2s3 te4ts3 art$ces a(1 $terar% wor2s has bee( ma1e to &ather a the reu$re1 $(/ormat$o( about the 'roject to'$c.
CHAPTERISATION
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PAGE NO
1. INRODUCION 2. *PPE*LS- * BRIE6 OVERVIE7 Meaning o A!!ea" E##en$ia"# o A!!ea" Me%o&an'(% o A!!ea" Rig)$ $o A!!ea" W)en a!!ea" *an +e a""oe' W)en a!!ea" *anno$ +e a""oe'
5 8
• • • • • •
-. . /. 0.
ORDER ## *(1 ORDER 99 *PPE*LS B+ INDI,EN PERSONS :UDICI*L *PPRO*C; CONCLUSION BIBILO,R*P;+
"" "# "8 "! "<
INTROUCTION he Su'reme Court $( Mathai M. Paikeday Vs. C.K. Antony has 1$scusse1 the co(ce't o/ =$(1$&e(t 'erso(= as 1e/$(e1 u(1er Or1er ## o/ the Co1e o/ C$0$ Proce1ure3 "<>!. 7h$e 1$scuss$(& the ree0a(t ju1&me(ts o( the subject3 the court he1 as u(1er? Co1e o/ C$0$ Proce1ure 1eas w$th su$ts b% $(1$&e(t 'erso(s whereas
Order o/
Order !! thereo/
the
1eas
w$th a''eas b% $(1$&e(t 'erso(s. he co(ce't o/ $(1$&e(t 'erso( has bee( 1$scusse1 $( Cor'us :ur$s Secu(1um @A> C.:.S. Costs = <# as /oow$(&?
P a g e | 5 =7hat co(st$tutes $(1$&e(c%?" he r$&ht to sue $( /orma 'au'er$s $s restr$cte1 to $(1$&e(t 'erso(s. * 'erso( ma% 'rocee1 as 'oor 'erso( o(% a/ter a court $s sat$s/$e1 that he or she $s u(abe to 'rosecute the su$t a(1 'a% the costs a(1 e4'e(ses. * 'erso( $s $(1$&e(t $/ the 'a%me(t o/ /ees wou1 1e'r$0e o(e o/ bas$c $0$(& e4'e(ses3 or $/ the 'erso( $s $( a state o/ $m'o0er$shme(t that substa(t$a% a(1 e//ect$0e% $m'a$rs or 're0e(ts the 'ursu$t o/ a court reme1%. ;owe0er3 a 'erso( (ee1 (ot be 1est$tute. 6actors co(s$1ere1 whe( 1eterm$($(& $/ a $t$&a(t $s $(1$&e(t are s$m$ar to those co(s$1ere1 $( cr$m$(a cases3 a(1 $(cu1e the 'art%=s em'o%me(t status a(1 $(come3 $(cu1$(& $(come /rom &o0er(me(t sources such as Soc$a Secur$t% a(1 u(em'o%me(t be(e/$ts3 the ow(ersh$' o/ u(e(cumbere1 assets3 $(cu1$(& rea or 'erso(a 'ro'ert% a(1 mo(e% o( 1e'os$t3 the 'art%=s tota $(1ebte1(ess3 a(1 a(% /$(a(c$a ass$sta(ce rece$0e1 /rom /am$% or cose /r$e(1s. Not o(% 'erso(a $u$1 assets3 but aso ater(at$0e sources o/ mo(e% shou1 be co(s$1ere1. he e$&$b$$t% o/ 'erso( to sue $( /orma 'au'er$s has bee( co(s$1ere1 $( *mer$ca( :ur$s'ru1e(ce @A> *m. :ur. A1 Costs = ">> as thus? E$&$b$$t% to sue $( /orma 'au'er$s &e(era%? he bur1e( o/ estab$sh$(& $(1$&e(c% $s o( the 1e/e(1a(t ca$m$(& $(1$&e(t status3 who must 1emo(strate (ot that he or she $s e(t$re% 1est$tute a(1 w$thout /u(1s3 but that 'a%me(ts /or cou(se wou1 'ace a( u(1ue har1sh$' o( h$s or her ab$$t% to 'ro0$1e the bas$c (ecess$t$es o/ $/e /or h$mse/ or herse/ a(1 h$s or her /am$%. 6actors 'art$cuar% ree0a(t to the 1eterm$(at$o( o/ whether a 'art% to a c$0$ 'rocee1$(& $s $(1$&e(t are? @" the 'art%=s em'o%me(t status a(1 $(come3 $(cu1$(& $(come /rom &o0er(me(t sources such as soc$a secur$t% a(1 u(em'o%me(t be(e/$ts @A the ow(ersh$' o/ a(% u(e(cumbere1 assets3 $(cu1$(& rea or 'erso(a 'ro'ert% a(1 mo($es o( 1e'os$t a(1 /$(a% @# the 'art%=s tota $(1ebte1(ess a(1 a(% /$(a(c$a ass$sta(ce rece$0e1 /rom /am$% or cose /r$e(1s. 7here two 'eo'e are $0$(& toðer a(1 /u(ct$o($(& as a s$(&e eco(om$c u($t3 whether marr$e13 reate13 or otherw$se3 co(s$1erat$o( o/ the$r comb$(e1 /$(a(c$a assets ma% be warra(te1 /or the 'ur'oses o/ 1eterm$($(& a 'art%=s $(1$&e(c% status $( a c$0$ 'rocee1$(&.
1
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P a g e | 6 *( a''ea therea/ter $s a remo0a o/ a cause /rom a( $(/er$or court to a su'er$or court /or the 'ur'ose o/ test$(& the sou(1(ess o/ the 1ec$s$o( o/ the $(/er$or court. It $s a reme1% 'ro0$1e1 b% aw /or &ett$(& the 1ecree o/ the ower court set as$1e. I( other wor1s3 $t $s a com'a$(t ma1e to the h$&her court that the 1ecree 'asse1 b% the ower court $s u(sou(1 a(1 wro(&. It $s a r$&ht o/ e(ter$(& a su'er$or court a(1 $(0o2$(& $ts a$1 a(1 $(ter'os$t$o( to re1ress a( error o/ the court beow he object and purpose o/ Or1er ## a(1 Or1er 99 o/ the Co1e o/ C$0$ Proce1ure are to e(abe a 'erso(3 who $s r$11e( b% 'o0ert%3 or (ot 'ossesse1 o/ su//$c$e(t mea(s to 'a% court /ee3 to see2 just$ce. Or1er ## a(1 Or1er 99 o/ the Co1e o/ C$0$ Proce1ure e4em'ts such $(1$&e(t 'erso( /rom 'a%$(& reu$s$te court /ee at the /$rst $(sta(ce a(1 aows h$m to $(st$tute su$t or 'rosecute a''ea $( /orma 'au'er$s.
APPEALS:A 3RIE4 OVERVIEW MEANIN5 O4 APPEAL? he e4'ress$o( a''ea has (ot bee( 1e/$(e1 $( the Co1e. *ccor1$(& to 1$ct$o(ar% mea($(&3 a''ea $s the ju1$c$a e4am$(at$o( o/ the 1ec$s$o( b% a h$&her court o/ the 1ec$s$o( o/ a( $(/er$or court.A State1 s$m'%3 a''ea $s a 'rocee1$(& b% wh$ch the 1e/eate1 'art% a''roaches a h$&her author$t% or court to ha0e the 1ec$s$o( o/ a ower author$t% or court re0erse1. I( Nagendra Nath Dry v. Suresh Chandra Dey 33 s'ea2$(& /or the :u1$c$a Comm$ttee o/ Pr$0%
Cou(c$3 S$r D$(sha Mu$a state1? here $s (o 1e/$($t$o( o/ a''ea $( the Co1e o/ C$0$
2
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P a g e | 7 Proce1ure3 but the$r Lor1sh$'s ha0e (o 1oubt that a(% a''$cat$o( b% a 'art% to a( a''eate court3 as2$(& to set as$1e or re0erse a 1ec$s$o( o/ a subor1$(ate court3 $s a( a''ea w$th$( the or1$(ar% acce'tat$o( o/ the term. *( a''ea $s thus a remo0a o/ a cause /rom a( $(/er$or court to a su'er$or court /or the 'ur'ose o/ test$(& the sou(1(ess o/ the 1ec$s$o( o/ the $(/er$or court. It $s a reme1% 'ro0$1e1 b% aw /or &ett$(& the 1ecree o/ the ower court set as$1e. I( other wor1s3 $t $s a com'a$(t ma1e to the h$&her court that the 1ecree 'asse1 b% the ower court $s u(sou(1 a(1 wro(&. It $s a r$&ht o/ e(ter$(& a su'er$or court a(1 $(0o2$(& $ts a$1 a(1 $(ter'os$t$o( to re1ress a( error o/ the court beow 9
ESSENTIALS E0er% a''ea has three bas$c eeme(ts? @$
* 1ec$s$o( @usua% a ju1&me(t o/ a court or the ru$(& o/ a( a1m$($strat$0e
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author$t% @II * 'erso( a&&r$e0e1 @who $s o/te(3 thou&h (ot (ecessar$%3 a 'art% to the or$&$(a
@$$$
'rocee1$(& a(1 @$$$ * re0$ew$(& bo1% rea1% a(1 w$$(& to e(terta$( a( a''ea
MEMORANUM O4 APPEAL? Or1er GLI 'ro0$1es that e0er% a''ea sha be 're/erre1 $( the /orm o/ memora(1um s$&(e1 b% the a''ea(t or h$s 'ea1er a(1 'rese(te1 to the Court or to such o//$cer as $t a''o$(ts $( th$s beha/. *''ea shou1 be accom'a($e1 b% a co'% o/ the 1ecree a''eae1 /rom a(1 @u(ess the *''eate Court 1$s'e(ses therew$th o/ the ju1&me(t o( wh$ch $t $s /ou(1e1. ;owe0er3 where more cases tha( o(e 1$s'ose1 o/ b% a commo( ju1&me(t3 the *''eate Court ma% 1$s'e(se w$th the (ecess$t% o/ /$$(& more tha( o(e co'% o/ the ju1&eme(t.
CONTENTS O4 MEMORANUM? * memora(1um o/ a''ea $s mea(t to be a succ$(ct o/ the &rou(1s u'o( wh$ch the a''ea(t 'ro'oses to su''ort the a''ea. It must set /orth3 co(c$se% a(1 u(1er 1$st$(ct hea1s the
- @"<#"-#A 5< A!#? *IR "<#A PC "H5
*ttor(e% ,e(era 0s. S$e(3 @"!H9"> ;LC 89 at '.8"5
P a g e | &rou(1s o/ object$o( to the 1ecree a''eae1 /rom w$thout a(% ar&ume(t or (arrat$0e3 wh$ch shou1 be (umbere1 co(secut$0e%. he same $s true $( case o/ seco(1 a''ea as we. he 'art%3 who $s a&&r$e0e1 b% a 1ecree3 or a( or1er o/ a Court3 a''eas to the a''eate Court b% 'rese(t$(& a memora(1um o/ a''ea wh$ch sets /orth the &rou(1s o/ object$o( to the 1ecree or or1er a''eae1 a&a$(st. he &rou(1s are set /orth w$thout a(% ar&ume(t a(1 are (umbere1 co(secut$0e%. *( a10ocate has to be 0er% care/u to see that e0er% &rou(1 o/ object$o( $s set /orth $( the memora(1um3 because $/ a(% &rou(1 $s om$tte13 the a''ea(t ca((ot ur&e or be hear1 $( su''ort o/ $t e4ce't b% ea0e o/ the -Court a(1 such ea0e $s (ot &ra(te1 as matter o/ course. It $s because the res'o(1e(t must ha0e /a$r (ot$ce o/ the &rou(1s o/ object$o(3 wh$ch he has to meet atthe hear$(& o/ the a''ea. But the a''eate Court $s (ot 'recu1e1 /rom 1ec$1$(& the a''ea o( other &rou(1s. he 1ec$s$o( o/ the a''eate Court rests3 @a o( the &rou(1s set /orth $( the memora(1um o/ a''ea3 or @b o( the &rou(1 ta2e( b% ea0e o/ the Court3 or @c o( a(% other &rou(1s3 'ro0$1e1 that the 'art% who ma% be a//ecte1 thereb% has ha1 a su//$c$e(t o''ortu($t% o/ co(test$(& the case o( that &rou(1. Be/ore 1ra/t$(& a memora(1um o/ a''ea3 o(e must care/u% stu1% the ju1&eme(t3 the $ssues a(1 the /$(1$(&s arr$0e1 thereo(3 because a cue to the &rou(1s ma% be &ot /rom them. he memora(1um o/ a''ea co(s$sts o/ the /oow$(& 'art$cuars? @a (ame o/ the a''eate Court3 @b a''ea $( su$t (umber /rom @(ame o/ the Court a(1 'ace /rom3 @c a''ea (umber @to be 2e't ba(2 /or use o/ b% Court o//$ce3 @1 (ame a(1 1escr$'t$o( o/ the 'art$es3 @e $( the bo1% o/ the memora(1um /$rst 1escr$be the su$t (umber o/ the Court a(1 the 1ate o/ the 1ecree3 or /$(a or1er a&a$(st wh$ch the a''ea $s 're/erre1 a(1 the( @/ state the &rou(1s o/ object$o( o( wh$ch $t $s 're/erre13 @& 'ra%er @re$e/3 @h 1ate a(1 'ace3 @$ s$&(ature o/ a''ea(t or h$s a10ocate. he memora(1um o/ a''ea $s accom'a($e1 b% the cert$/$e1 co'% o/ the 1ecree a(1 the ju1&me(t3 or or1er a''eae1 /rom as the case ma% be3 a(1 the( $t $s 'rese(te1 to the co(cer(e1 o//$cer $( the o//$ce o/ the Court o/ a''ea. he memora(1um o/ a''ea shou1 aso be accom'a($e1 b% a 'ower o/ attor(e%3 $.e. Va2aat(ama or Va2$ 'atra /rom the a''ea(t. ;owe0er3 (o /resh 0a2aat(ama $s (ecessar%3 $/ the aw%er o/ the tr$a court $s co(t$(ue1 $( the Court o/ a''ea.
RI5HT TO APPEAL?
P a g e | ! * 'erso( ca((ot /$e a( a''ea /rom a 1ec$s$o( as a matter o/ r$&ht. R$&ht o/ a''ea $s (ot a( $(here(t r$&ht. U(ess $t $s cear% 'ro0$1e13 a( a''ear ca((ot be /$e1. 7he( $t $s co(/erre1 b% a statute $t w$ become a 0este1 r$&ht. here $s a 1$st$(ct$o( betwee( r$&ht to /$e a su$t a(1 a r$&ht to /$e a( a''ea. R$&ht to /$e a su$t $s a( $(hete(t r$&ht u(ess $t $s barre1 b% a s'ec$/$c statute. But r$&ht to /$e a( a''ea $s (ot a 0este1 r$&ht u(ess $t $s 'ro0$1e1 b% aw 5.
WHO MAY APPEAL? *( a''ea ma% be 're/erre1 b% a(% o(e o/ the /oow$(& 'erso(s'art$es ha0$(& e&a &r$e0a(ce a&a$(st a 1ec$s$o(ju1&me(t o/ a ower court - $ *(% 'art% to the su$t a10erse% a//ecte1 b% the 1ecree3 or3 $/ such 'art% $s 1ea3 b% h$s e&a re'rese(tat$0e. $$ *(% tra(s/eree o/ the $(terest o/ such 'art%3 who so /ar as such $(terest $s co(cer(e1 $s bou(1 b% the 1ecree3 'ro0$1e1 h$s (ame $s e(tere1 o( the recor1 o/ the su$t. $$$ *( auct$o( 'urchaser ma% a''ea /rom a( or1er $( e4ecut$o( sett$(& as$1e the sae o( the &rou(1 o/ /rau1. No 'erso(3 u(ess he $s 'art% to the su$t $s e(t$te1 to a''ea. ;owe0er3 .a 'erso( who $s (ot a 'art% but who $s a&&r$e0e1 b% the ju1&me(t a(1 $/ he see2s a(1 &ets ea0e o/ the Court to 're/er a( a''ea a&a$(st the ju1&me(t ca( aso a''ea.
"#$% &A% A% APP$A' B$ A''("$) Sect$o( <5 'ro0$1es tha( a( a''ea sha $e /rom e0er% 1ecree 'asse1 b% a(% Court e4erc$s$(& or$&$(a jur$s1$ct$o( to the *''eate Court. *( a''ea sha $e /rom a( or$&$(a 1ecree 'asse1 e4 'arte. *( a''ea sha $e /rom the /oow$(& or1ers3 such as a( or1er u(1er Sect$o( #5-* a( or1er u(1er Sect$o( <" or
/
,a(&aba$ 0s. V$ja% umar3 *IR "<89 SC @""AH.
P a g e | 1* o/ a(% 'r$so( o/ a(% 'r$so( o/ a(% 'erso( e4ce't where such arrest or 1ete(t$o( $s $( e4ecut$o( o/ a 1ecree a(% or1er ma1e rues /rom wh$ch a( a''ea $s e4'ress% aowe1 b% rues @Sect$o( ">9.
"#$% &A% A% APP$A' %(+ B$ A''("$)? *( a''ea sha (ot be aowe1 /rom a 1ecree 'asse1 b% the Court w$th the co(se(t o/ 'art$es @Sect$o( >>- @Sec
(,)$, 33 and (,)$, 44 " Order Rue
" o/ the Co1e o/ C$0$ Proce1ure 'ro0$1es /or $(st$tut$(& o/ su$ts b% $(1$&e(t
'erso(3 stat$(&? ". Su$ts ma% be $(st$tute1 b% $(1$&e(t 'erso(-- Subject to the /oow$(& 'ro0$s$o(s3 a(% su$t ma% be $(st$tute1 b% a( $(1$&e(t 'erso(.
P a g e | 11 E4'a(at$o( I.--* 'erso( $s a( $(1$&e(t 'erso(3-@a $/ he $s (ot 'ossesse1 o/ su//$c$e(t mea(s @other tha( 'ro'ert% e4em't /rom attachme(t $( e4ecut$o( o/ a 1ecree a(1 the subject-matter o/ the su$t to e(abe h$m to 'a% the /ee 'rescr$be1 b% aw /or the 'a$(t $( such su$t3 or @b where (o such /ee $s 'rescr$be13 $/ he $s (ot e(t$te1 to 'ro'ert% worth o(e thousa(1 ru'ees other tha( the 'ro'ert% e4em't /rom attachme(t $( e4ecut$o( o/ a 1ecree3 a(1 the subject-matter o/ the su$t. E4'a(at$o( II.--*(% 'ro'ert% wh$ch $s acu$re1 b% a 'erso( a/ter the 'rese(tat$o( o/ h$s a''$cat$o( /or 'erm$ss$o( to sue as a( $(1$&e(t 'erso(3 a(1 be/ore the 1ec$s$o( o/ the a''$cat$o(3 sha be ta2e( $(to accou(t $( co(s$1er$(& the uest$o( whether or (ot the a''$ca(t $s a( $(1$&e(t 'erso(. E4'a(at$o( III.--7here the 'a$(t$// sues $( a re'rese(tat$0e ca'ac$t%3 the uest$o( whether he $s a( $(1$&e(t 'erso( sha be 1eterm$(e1 w$th re/ere(ce to the mea(s 'ossesse1 b% h$m $( such ca'ac$t%. Order !! o/
Co1e o/ C$0$ Proce1ure 'ro0$1es /or $(st$tut$(& a( a''ea as a( $(1$&e(t
'erso(. he 'ro0$s$o( rea1s ?". 7ho ma% a''ea as a( $(1$&e(t 'erso( - *(% 'erso( e(t$te1 to 're/er a( a''ea3 who $s u(abe to 'a% the /ee reu$re1 /or the memora(1um o/ a''ea3 ma% 'rese(t a( a''$cat$o( accom'a($e1 b% a memora(1um o/ a''ea3 a(1 ma% be aowe1 to a''ea as a( $(1$&e(t 'erso(3 subject3 $( a matters3 $(cu1$(& the 'rese(tat$o( o/ such a''$cat$o(3 to the 'ro0$s$o(s reat$(& to su$ts b% $(1$&e(t 'erso(3 $( so /ar as those 'ro0$s$o(s are a''$cabe. he object and purpose o/ Or1er ## a(1 Or1er 99 o/ the Co1e o/ C$0$ Proce1ure are to e(abe a 'erso(3 who $s r$11e( b% 'o0ert%3 or (ot 'ossesse1 o/ su//$c$e(t mea(s to 'a% court /ee3 to see2 just$ce. Or1er ## a(1 Or1er 99 o/ the Co1e o/ C$0$ Proce1ure e4em'ts such $(1$&e(t 'erso( /rom 'a%$(& reu$s$te court /ee at the /$rst $(sta(ce a(1 aows h$m to $(st$tute su$t or 'rosecute a''ea $( /orma 'au'er$s.
P a g e | 12
APPEALS 3T INI5ENT PERSONS:
,-'$ 1. "#( /A0 APP$A' AS I%)I$%+ P$,S(% @" *(% 'erso( e(t$te1 to 're/er a( a''ea3 who $s u(abe to 'a% the /ee reu$re1 /or the memora(1um o/ a''ea3 ma% 'rese(t a( a''$cat$o( accom'a($e1 b% a memora(1um o/ a''ea3 a(1 ma% be aowe1 to a''ea as a( $(1$&e(t 'erso(3 subject3 $( a matters3
P a g e | 13 $(cu1$(& the 'rese(tat$o( o/ such a''$cat$o(3 to the 'ro0$s$o(s reat$(& to su$ts b% $(1$&e(t 'erso(s3 $( so /ar as those 'ro0$s$o(s are a''$cabe?
,-'$ 2. ,A%+ (F +I/$ F(, +#$ PA0/$%+ IF &(-,+ F$$ 7here a( a''$cat$o( $s rejecte1 u(1er rue "3 the court ma%3 wh$e reject$(& the a''$cat$o(3 aow the a''$ca(t to 'a% the reu$s$te court /ee3 w$th$( such t$me as ma% be /$4e1 b% the court or e4te(1e1 b% $t /rom t$me to t$me a(1 u'o( such 'a%me(t3 the memora(1um o/ a''ea $( res'ect o/ wh$ch such /ee $s 'a%abe sha ha0e the same /orce a(1 e//ect as $/ such /ee ha1 bee( 'a$1 $( the /$rst $(sta(ce.
,-'$ 3.I%-I,0 AS +( "#$+#$, APP'I&A%+ IS A% I%)I%$%+ P$,S(% @" 7here a( a''$ca(t3 re/erre1 to $( rue "3 was aowe1 to sue or a''ea as a( $(1$&e(t 'erso( $( the court /rom whose 1ecree the a''ea $s 're/erre13 (o /urther $(u$r% $( res'ect o/ the uest$o( whether or (ot he $s a( $(1$&e(t 'erso( sha be (ecessar% $/ the a''$ca(t has ma1e a( a//$1a0$t stat$(& that he has (ot cease1 to be a( $(1$&e(t 'erso( s$(ce the 1ate o/ the 1ecree a''eae1 /rom but $/ the &o0er(me(t 'ea1er or the res'o(1e(t 1$s'utes the truth o/ the stateme(t ma1e $( such a//$1a0$t3 a( $(u$r% $(to the uest$o( a/oresa$1 sha be he1 b% the *''eate Court3 or3 u(1er the or1ers o/ the *''eate Court3 b% a( o//$cer o/ that court. @A 7here the a''$ca(t3 re/erre1 to $( rue ""3 $s ae&e1 to ha0e become a( $(1$&e(t 'erso( s$(ce the 1ate o/ the 1ecree a''eae1 /rom3 the $(u$r% $(to the uest$o( whether or (ot he $s a( $(1$&e(t 'erso( sha be ma1e b% the *''eate Court or3 u(1er the or1ers o/ the *''eate Court3 b% a( o//$cer o/ that court u(ess the *''eate Court co(s$1ers $t (ecessar% $( the c$rcumsta(ces o/ the case that the $(u$r% shou1 be he1 b% the court /rom whose 1ec$s$o( the a''ea $s 're/erre1.
E6PLANTION O4 ORER : 5ENERAL
P a g e | 14 Or1er ## 1eas w$th su$ts b% $(1$&e(t 'erso(s. Or1er 99 1eas w$th a''eas b% $(1$&e(t 'erso(s. he 'ro0$s$o(s o/ Or1er 99 are subject $( a matters to the 'ro0$s$o(s o/ Or1er ## $(so/ar as the% are a''$cabe.
WHO MAY APPEAL: RULE 1 *(% 'erso( e(t$te1 to 're/er a( a''ea3 who $s u(abe to 'a% court /ee reu$re1 /or the memora(1um o/ a''ea3 ma% 'rese(t a( a''$cat$o( accom'a($e1 b% a memora(1um o/ a''ea3 a(1 ma% be aowe1 to a''ea as a( $(1$&e(t 'erso(. Be/ore the *me(1me(t *ct o/ "<8H3 certa$( restr$ct$o(s were $m'ose1 o( the r$&ht o/ a( $(1$&e(t 'erso( to 're/er a( a''ea u(1er sub-rue @A o/ Rue ". It 'ro0$1e1 that the court sha reject the a''$cat$o( to a''ea $( /orma 'au'er$s3 u(ess $t $s show( that the 1ecree $s co(trar% to aw3 or to some usa&e ha0$(& the /orce o/ aw3 or $s otherw$se erro(eous or u(just. hose restr$ct$o(s were co(s$1ere1 to be u(just3 u(/a$r3 1$scr$m$(ator% a(1 w$thout a(% rat$o(a bas$s H. he Law Comm$ss$o(38 there/ore3 recomme(1e1 that the sa$1 'ro0$s$o(s be 1eete1. he sa$1 recomme(1at$o( o/ the Law Comm$ss$o( was acce'te1 a(13 accor1$(&%3 sub-rue @A o/ Rue I was 1eete1. he 'rese(t 'os$t$o( $s that a( $(1$&e(t 'erso( ma% aso /$e a( a''ea o( a the &rou(1s a0a$abe to a( or1$(ar% 'erso(. *( $(1$&e(t 'erso( ca( aso /$e cross-object$o(s.!
PAYMENT O4 COURT 4EES: RULE 2 he reject$o( o/ a( a''$cat$o( /or ea0e to a''ea as a( $(1$&e(t 'erso( 1oes (ot $'so /acto resut $( the reject$o( o/ the memora(1um o/ a''ea /$e1 ao(& w$th the a''$cat$o(.
">
Rue A em'owers the court to &ra(t t$me /or 'a%me(t o/ court
/ees whe( the a''$cat$o( /or ea0e to a''ea as a( $(1$&e(t 'erso( $s rejecte1
IN7UIRY: RULE 0
Law Comm$ss$o(=s 6$/t%-/ourth Re'ort at P. #"#
8 I b$1 9
Or3 9" R. AA@53
State o/ -C 0. :oh( Mathew3 *IR "<55 C A>< @6B ShahJa1$ Be&am 0. *a2h Nath3 *IR "<#5 * HA>
1;
Ram Saru' 0. U($o( o/ I(1$a3 @"
P a g e | 15 RULE # Rue # 'ro0$1es that where the a''ea(t was aowe1 to sue as a( $(1$&e(t 'erso( $( the tr$a court3 (o /resh $(u$r% $s (ecessar% $/ the a''$ca(t /$es a( a//$1a0$t to the e//ect that he has (ot cease1 to be a( $(1$&e(t 'erso( s$(ce the 1ate o/ the 1ecree a''eae1 /rom. ;owe0er3 $/ the &o0er(me(t 'ea1er or the res'o(1e(t 1$s'utes the truth o/ the stateme(t ma1e $( such a//$1a0$t3 a( $(u$r% $(to the uest$o( as to whether or (ot the a''$ca(t $s a( $(1$&e(t 'erso( sha be he1 b% the a''eate court3 or u(1er $ts or1er b% a( o//$cer o/ that court"". 7here $t $s ae&e1 that the a''$ca(t became a( $(1$&e(t 'erso( a/ter the 1ate o/ the 1ecree a''eae1 /rom3 the $(u$r% $(to the mea(s o/ the a''$ca(t sha be ma1e b% the a''eate court or u(1er $ts or1er b% a( o//$cer o/ that court or b% the tr$a court $/ the a''eate court co(s$1ers $t (ecessar% $( the c$rcumsta(ces o/ the case."A
POWER AN UTY O4 COURT *t the sta&e o/ hear$(& o/ a( a''$cat$o(3 the uest$o( to be co(s$1ere1 b% the court $s whether the a''$ca(t $s a( $(1$&e(t 'erso(. I/ he $s3 the a''$cat$o( w$ be aowe1 a(1 the memora(1um o/ a''ea w$ be re&$stere1. I/ he $s (ot3 the a''$cat$o( w$ be rejecte1. "#
LIMITATION he 'er$o1 o/ $m$tat$o( /or 'rese(t$(& a( a''$cat$o( /or ea0e to a''ea as a( $(1$&e(t 'erso( to the ;$&h Court $s s$4t% 1a%s a(1 to other courts $s th$rt% 1a%s. he $m$tat$o( starts /rom the 1ate o/ the 1ecree a''eae1 /rom. "9
LETTERS PATENT APPEAL here $s 1$//ere(ce o/ o'$($o(s as to whether a Letters Pate(t *''ea $es a&a$(st a( or1er &ra(t$(& or re/us$(& to &ra(t ea0e to a''ea as a( $(1$&e(t 'erso(. he major$t% o'$($o(3 howe0er3 $s that a( a''ea $s ma$(ta$(abe a&a$(st such or1ers. he e4'ress$o( a''ea as
11
R. #@"
12
R. #@A
1-
Ram Saru' 0. U($o( o/ I(1$a3 @"
1
*rt. "#>3 L$m$tat$o( *ct3 "
P a g e | 16 use1 $( Or1er 99 $s 0er% w$1e a(1 com'rehe(s$0e a(1 $(cu1es a Letters Pate(t *''ea. he 'hrase a(% 'erso( e(t$te1 to 're/er a( a''ea ta2es w$th$( $ts swee' (ot o(% the 'erso(s who are e(t$te1 to 're/er a( a''ea as o/ r$&ht but aso the 'erso(s who ca( /$e a( a''ea w$th the ea0e o/ the court."5
1/. .+. So1amma 0. . ,u((eswaru1u3 *IR "<8# *P A<5
Cha(1e Ra(j$t u(war 0. ;$raa3 *IR "<8A MP "##.
P a g e | 17
I( th$s case $t was he1 that the 'hrase a(% 'erso( e(t$te1 to 're/er a( a''ea ta2es w$th$( $ts swee' (ot o(% the 'erso(s who are e(t$te1 to 're/er a( a''ea as o/ r$&ht but aso the 'erso(s who ca( /$e a( a''ea w$th the ea0e o/ the court.
3. Shahabdi /ega" vs. A0ak Nath'1 10 @"
P a g e | 1 I( th$s 'art$cuar ccase $t was he1 that the reject$o( o/ a( a''$cat$o( /or ea0e to a''ea as a( $(1$&e(t 'erso( 1oes (ot $'so /acto resut $( the reject$o( o/ the memora(1um o/ a''ea /$e1 ao(& w$th the a''$cat$o(.
CONCLUSION? * 'erso( $s $(1$&e(t $/ the 'a%me(t o/ /ees wou1 1e'r$0e o(e o/ bas$c $0$(& e4'e(ses3 or $/ the 'erso( $s $( a state o/ $m'o0er$shme(t that substa(t$a% a(1 e//ect$0e% $m'a$rs or 're0e(ts the 'ursu$t o/ a court reme1%. ;owe0er3 a 'erso( (ee1 (ot be 1est$tute. 6actors co(s$1ere1 whe( 1eterm$($(& $/ a $t$&a(t $s $(1$&e(t are s$m$ar to those co(s$1ere1 $( cr$m$(a cases3 a(1 $(cu1e the 'art%=s em'o%me(t status a(1 $(come3 $(cu1$(& $(come /rom &o0er(me(t sources such as Soc$a Secur$t% a(1 u(em'o%me(t be(e/$ts3 the ow(ersh$' o/ u(e(cumbere1 assets3 $(cu1$(& rea or 'erso(a 'ro'ert% a(1 mo(e% o( 1e'os$t3 the 'art%=s tota $(1ebte1(ess3 a(1 a(% /$(a(c$a ass$sta(ce rece$0e1 /rom /am$% or cose /r$e(1s. Not o(% 'erso(a $u$1 assets3 but aso ater(at$0e sources o/ mo(e% shou1 be co(s$1ere1. he term =*''ea= has (ot bee( 1e/$(e1 $( C.P.C. whoe0er /$es '( a''ea $s cae1 =*''ea(t=. I/ the 1e/e(1a(t /$es a( a''ea he $s 2(ow( as =*''ea(tDe/e(1a(t=. $/ the Pa$(t$// /$es the a''ea be/ore the h$&her Court3 he $s 2(ow( as =*''ea(tPa$(t$//.= he other 'art% who has to a(swer $s cae1 =Res'o(1e(t=3 0$J. =Res'o(1e(t Pa$(t$// or =Res'o(1e(tDe/e(1a(t. *''ea $s a creature o/ statute a(1 $t $s (ot a( $(here(t r$&ht to the subject.. here/ore3 a( a''ea ca( be /$e1 o(% where $t $s e4'ress% 'ro0$1e1 b% a statute. Co(trar% to th$s there $s a( $(here(t r$&ht $( e0er% 'erso( to br$(& a su$t o/ c$0$ (ature. *''eas ca( be ma1e b% $(1$&e(t 'erso(s as 'er the rues 'ro0$1e1 u(1er Or1er 99 o/ C$0$ Cr$m$(a Proce1ure Co1e. he Object a(1 'ur'ose o/ Or1er 99 $s to e(abe a 'erso(3 who $s r$11e( b% 'o0ert%3 or (ot 'ossesse1 o/ su//$c$e(t mea(s to 'a% court /ee3 to see2 just$ce. Or1er 99 o/ the Co1e o/ C$0$ Proce1ure e4em'ts such $(1$&e(t 'erso( /rom 'a%$(& reu$s$te court /ee at the /$rst $(sta(ce a(1 aows h$m to $(st$tute su$t or 'rosecute a''ea $( /orma 'au'er$s.
P a g e | 1!
3I3ILO5RAPHY:
BOOS?
he Co1e o/ C$0$ Proce1ure b% M. P. :a$( Co1e o/ C$0$ Proce1ure K L$m$tat$o( *ct b% Dr. S. R. M%(e($ he Co1e o/ C$0$ Proce1ure 0o. #3 b% Mua Co1e o/ C$0$ Proce1ure 0o. A3 b% S. C. Sar2ar Sar2arFs C$0$ Court Pract$ce a(1 Proce1ure Ma(ua b% Su1$'to Sar2ar he Co1e o/ C$0$ Proce1ure @CPC b% M.P.a(1o(3 re0$se1 b% Sha$e(1er Ma$2 Co1e o/ C$0$ Proce1ure b% C.. ha22er C$0$ Proce1ure Co1e b% C.. a2wa($ 7EBSIES?)$$!:==."ega"#e&>i*ein'ia.*o%=a&$i*"e="0-A!!ea"#.)$%" )$$!:==."ega"+"og.in=2;11=;8=in'igen$!e&#on(n'e&*o'eo*i>i".)$%" )$$!:==."ega"#e&>i*e#in'ia.*o%=a&$i*"e=a&$i*"e=#(i$#+?in'igen$!e&#on
1281.)$%"
P a g e | 2*
