CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION Background of the Study A mass number of students these days spend less time in studying. A recent study conducted by American Enterprise Institute shows that students today study about 10 hours less on average than college students in the 1960s. Different factors are to be considered regarding the decrease in the amount of time in studying of students. Some
factors
include
procrastination,
non-academic
after-school
activities, setting priorities, and appalling habits that might affect the academic performance of students. A survey conducted by the Higher Education Research Institute at UCLA’s Graduate School of Education And Information Studies found that only 34% of today’s students are spending more than six hours per week doing academic-related works (e.g., doing homework, self-studying, and working on projects) outside their classes. (Higher Education Research Institute, 2003). The time spent by students after school hours could largely affect their development. Through after-school activities, students
may
improve
their
social
competence
and
academic
performance, and establish good relationship with family members. However, considering all these after-school activities and hobbies, children tend to forget their responsibilities as a student. Some students prefer to play video games and spend time with their peers instead of studying and doing school-related works. There are also students who prioritize their extracurricular activities more which influence on how they perform academically. Students should know the significance of prioritizing to avoid cramming and to simply finish tasks on time. Prioritizing is determining the order in which works are to be done. It is the ability to see what tasks are more important at each moment and give those tasks more attention, energy, and time. It is “focusing on what is important at the expense of lower value activities”. Time is not the only thing to consider because one must also consider the importance of the task, the involved effort, and many other factors. (Milone, 2017). Learning to prioritize takes practice. A person must learn his own strategy or technique to properly prioritize things. For the most part, academic-related works should be on top of a student’s priority list because the main reason a person goes to school is to develop his abilities, and to learn. In prioritizing, determining the weight of the task is an essential part in order to decide what to do first.
Knowing what to accomplish on top of everything without taking up too much time is a product of proper time management. A nationwide survey commissioned by FileMaker, Inc. found that students are having problems with workload and organizational skills that affect their grades. The survey, conducted by Greenfield Online, found that 54% of the students felt they would get better grades if they "got organized and stayed organized." (Noria Corporation, n.d.). High school students have a hard time organizing their work schedule. They tend to do everything at once, without setting their priorities straight. Once their teachers give their homeworks, projects, and other schoolrelated works ahead of time, some students procrastinate and wait until the last minute to start doing their tasks. Procrastination, to put off doing something, especially out of habitual laziness, is a result of a cultivated habit, and it impacts everyone. A lot of students tend to procrastinate at high school and college. According to the American Psychological Association (2014), between 80% to 95% of students procrastinate on their schoolwork. Studying is the last thing students would think to do. Having all kinds of entertainment and distractions, such as social networking, video games, and even peer pressure, would really not make the students get into study. It is the student’s
responsibility to control his passion that makes the student progress and complete his task. In the Philippines, the term “Mañana Habit” is prevalent since it is the action of delaying or postponing something, a term similar to procrastination. Procrastination can lead to poor time management, and if the students never eradicate this kind of habit, it will affect their work performance and it may cause stress. According to Brian Farran (2004), academic procrastination has an inversely significant relationship to the self-efficacy, and general self-esteem. The study shows that the students who have academic procrastination have reported with higher depression and anxiety, and negative beliefs in their self-worth. Saint Louis College of the San Fernando City, La Union actively promotes proper discipline among students; therefore proper time management is highly encouraged. The number of lates and absences is one factor in determining the discipline of its students and consequences shall be rendered to those who will commit offenses. One core value of the institution is Excellence in which proper time management belongs. Students of Saint Louis College are excellent in terms of their discipline, achievements, and eminence, among others. Therefore, the students must upheld the institution’s name with integrity and honor.
Time management is an integral factor in improving a student’s performance. “Time management refers to managing time effectively so that the right time is allocated to the right activity. Effective time management allows individuals to assign specific time slots to activities as per their importance. Time management refers to making the best use of time as time is always limited.” (MSG Experts, n.d.).
Time
management also helps in completing tasks in a timely-fashion, and learning to stick to a schedule. It helps students to have an appropriate sense of urgency in accomplishing school-related activities. Generally, proper time management will increase productivity both in learning and other activities. Time management plays a vital role in improving student’s academic performance and achievements and it helps make decisions about the
changes we would like to make use of our time more
effectively (Noftle, Robins & Richard, 2007). We can consider students’ time management as one of the aspects that can move a student to be a good student. However, some of the students do not have good time management skills and it has negatively affected their life and their academics. Each student should have time management ability which includes
setting
goals
and
priorities,
using
time
management
mechanism, and being organized in using time. The students who are
more involved and have high desires to achieve, resulting in a higher level of performance are usually the students who perceive themselves as having good time management skills. Time management is only possible through self-motivation; performance, ability and motivation (Brigitte, Claessens, Eerde, & Rutte, 2005). The concept of time management is generally defined in terms of clusters of behavior that are deemed to facilitate productively and alleviate
stress
(lay
and
Schouwenburg,
1993).
Effective
time
management strategies increase academic performance (Campbell and Stevenson, 1992) and are frequently suggested by academic assistance personnel as aids to enhance achievement for college students. Productive study methods are characterized by “Time management” and “Strategic studying” (Entwistle and Ramsden, 1983). Time management was conceptualize in terms of setting goals and priorities in the use of mathematics and perceived control of time. Time is the most valuable resource a student has. It is also the most wasted resources. Successful students set priorities for themselves based on their goals in life; they plan, work and play around these priorities. Time management is one of those skills that may help in any career beyond university. This study aims to determine the level of effectiveness of time management on the academic performance of selected Accounting,
Business, and Management (ABM) students of Saint Louis College in Carlatan, City of San Fernando, La Union during the school year 20172018. The researchers conducted this study to encourage students to practice proper time management in both academic-related and leisure activities to reduce stress and avoid cramming. This is to utilize the time of students in order to accomplish all the tasks needed to be done within a specific timespan. This generation’s children are the future; thus, proper utilization of time is important to secure the fate of our world.
Statement of the Problem This study aims to determine the level of effectiveness of time management on the academic performance of selected Accounting, Business, and Management (ABM) students of Saint Louis College in Carlatan, City of San Fernando, La Union during the school year 20172018. Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions: 1. How do the students manage their time in terms of: a. Household chores; b. Academic works; and
c. Leisure activities? 2. What is the level of performance of the students in terms of: a. Academic grade; b. Extra-curricular performance; and c. Parents’ satisfaction? 3. How
does
proper
time
management
affect
the
academic
performance of student? 4. Based on the findings, what time management plan can be formulated to increase productivity in learning?
References: http://managementstudyguide.com/time-management.htm https://www.childtrends.org/indicators/after-school-activities/ http://learningworksforkids.com/2013/11/why-time-management-isimportant-to-your-childs-success-at-school/ http://www.collegexpress.com/articles-and-advice/majors-andacademics/articles/study-smarter/prioritizing-your-collegeassignments/
http://www.reliableplant.com/Read/3429/college-students-strugglewith-organizational-skills http://www.asee.org/documents/zones/zone1/2014/Student/PDFs/17 7.pdf http://thebluebanner.net/study-finds-up-to-95-percent-of-collegestudents-procrastinate/ https://www.scholarships.com/news/report-shows-students-spendingless-time-studying-more-on-leisure http://learningworksforkids.com/2013/11/why-time-management-isimportant-to-your-childs-success-at-school/
