CURSO DINAMICA
SOLUCIONARIO DE PROBLEMAS
DOCENTE: LIC. FISICO JULIO FRANCISCO FRANCISCO JIMENEZ JIMENEZ ARANA ALUMNO: CANCHARI AUQUI, Luis Alfredo
AYACUCHO – PERÚ
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1. MOVIMIENTO RECTILINEO EJERCICIO 1.1…………………………………………………………………………………………….…2 EJERCICIO 1.2………………………………………………………………………………………….……3 EJERCICIO 1.3…………………………………………………………………………………………..…3,4 EJERCICIO 1.4………………………………………………………………………………………….….4,5 EJERCICIO 1.5………………………………………………………………………………………….….5,6 EJERCICIO 1.6………………………………………………………………………………………….….6,7 EJERCICIO 1.7………………………………………………………………………………………….….7,8
2. MOVIMIENTO RECTILINEO UNIFORMEMENTE ACELERADO EJERCICIO 2.1……………………………………………………………………………………….….10,11 EJERCICIO 2.2……………………………………………………………………………………….….11,12 EJERCICIO 2.3……………………………………………………………………………………….….13,14 EJERCICIO 2.4……………………………………………………………………………………….…14,15 EJERCICIO 2.5……………………………………………………………………………………….….16,17
3. MOVIMIENTO CURVILINEO EJERCICIO 3.1……………………………………………………………………………………….….18,19 EJERCICIO 3.2……………………………………………………………………………………….….19,20 EJERCICIO 3.3…………………………………………………………………………………….…….….21
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1. MOVIMIENTO RECTILINEO EJERCICIO 1.1
El movimiento de una partícula está definido por la relación , donde x y t se expresan en metros y segundos, respectivamente. Determine la posición, la velocidad y la aceleración de la partícula cuando t = 4 s.
Cuando el tiempo es t=4s
m/s
m
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EJERCICIO 1.2
El movimiento de una partícula está definido por la relación , donde x y t se expresan en metros y segundos, respectivamente. Determine la posición y la velocidad cuando la aceleración de la partícula es igual a cero.
Cuando la aceleración a=0
t=o.5s
x=3m
v=-7m/s EJERCICIO 1.3
El movimiento de una partícula está definido por la relación
, donde
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Cuando el tiempo t=6s
x=248
v=72
a=-382.78
EJERCICIO 1.4
El movimiento de una partícula está definido por la relación , donde x y t se expresan en metros y segundos, respectivamente. Determine el tiempo, la posición y la velocidad cuando a = 0.
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Cuando la aceleración es a=0
t=-1/2 t=2/3
X=0.259m
V=8.56m/s
EJERCICIO 1.5
El movimiento de una partícula está definido por la relación , donde x se expresa en metros y t en segundos. Determine a) cuándo la velocidad es cero, b) la posición y la distancia total viajada hasta ese momento cuando la aceleración es cero.
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a) Cuando la velocidad v=0
t=4
t=1
b) cuando la aceleración a=0
a=5/2
X=1.50m
EJERCICIO 1.6
El movimiento de una partícula está definido por la relación , donde x y t se expresan en pies y segundos, respectivamente. Determine a) cuándo la velocidad es cero, b) la velocidad, la aceleración y la distancia total viajada cuando x = 0
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T=-2s t=-2s t=10s Tomando t=10
a=48
v=144m/s El espacio recorrido
X=144x10 =1440m
EJERCICIO 1.7
La posición de una partícula que se mueve a lo largo de una línea recta está definida por la relación , donde x se expresa en pies y t en segundos. Determine
a) Las ecuaciones del movimiento b) el tiempo al cual la velocidad será cero c) la posición y la distancia recorrida por la partícula en ese tiempo
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b) cuando la velocidad v=0
x(ft)
40
0
+5
t=-1 t=+5
ts
c) la posición y distancia recorrida cuando cuando la v=0
La posición inicial en t=0 fue Distancia recorrida =
-60
v(ft/s)
= -60 -40 =-100
d) la aceleración de la partícula en ese tiempo
0
a=18 e) la distancia recorrida por la partícula desde t=4s hasta t=6s La partícula se mueve en la dirección negativa desde
a(ft/s)
+5
t(s)
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ft
Distancia recorrida=
10 en dirección positiva
La distancia total recorrida de t=4s a t=6 8+10=18ft
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2.
MOVIMIENTO RECTILINEO UNIFORMEMENTE ACELERADO
EJERCICIO 2.1
La aceleración de una partícula se define mediante la relación a = 0.4(1 – kv), donde k es una constante. Si se sabe que en t = 0 la partícula parte desde el reposo con x = 4 m, y que cuando t = 15 s, v =4 m/s, determine a) la constante k, b) la posición de la partícula cuando v = 6 m/s, c) la velocidad máxima de la partícula.
Para un tiempo t=0,v=0
∫ ∫
ln ln lnln a) La constante Para un tiempo t=15s, v=6
ln( ln( ) lnln
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∫ [ ] ∫
lnln
b) la posición cuando la velocidad v=6m/s Cuando v=6m/s
ln(ln( ) 4(x-4)=56.4778 4(x-4)=56.4778 2
c) la velocidad máxima de la articula Ocurre cuando la aceleración a=0
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⌈ ⌉ ln ln a) la velocidad de la partícula cuando x=1.5
∫ ∫
⌈ ⌉ ln ln
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los valores de las constantes A y k si la partícula tiene una velocidad de 29 ft/s cuando x = 16 ft.
Donde A y k son consonantes consonantes Entonces t=0 , x=1 , v=0
∫ ∫ [ ln ] ln
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ln K=1.832
EJERCICIO 2.4
La aceleración de una partícula se define mediante la relación a = -8 m/s2. Si se sabe que x= 20 m cuando t = 4 s y x = 4 m cuando v = 16 m/s, determine a) el tiempo cuando la velocidad es cero, b) la velocidad y la distancia total recorrida cuando t = 11 s.
∫∫
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t=2 t=2 b) la velocidad y la distancia total recorrida t=11s v=0
v=-8t+C
T=4s
La distancia total recorrida desde un
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Tomando los valores del problema
∫∫ ∫ ∫
* +
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T=7
V=-33
Cuando v=0
Cuando t=0
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3. MOVIMIENTO CURVILINEO EJERCICIO 3.1
El movimiento de una partícula se define mediante las ecuaciones y , donde x y y se expresan en milímetros y t en segundos. Determine la velocidad y la aceleración cuando a) t = 1 s; b) t = 2 s
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√ b) Cuando t=2
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=15.978
√
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La discriminante es negativa a si que la ecuación no tiene soluciones reales