Equitable PCI v Ku March 26, 2001 EQUITABLE PCI BANK, formerly EQUITABLE BANKING COPOATION vs. O!ITA KU KAPUNAN, J. SUMMARY: SUMMARY: L"#"$a#"o% L"#"$a#"o% e%&'e( e%&'e( )e#*ee% )e#*ee% o&"#a K' a%( E+'"#a)le E+'"#a)le -he% CA r'le( "% fa.or of o&"#a, E+'"#a)le E+'"#a)le f"le( a mo#"o% mo#"o% for a% e/#e%&"o% of 0 (ay& #o f"le "#& e#"#"o% for re."e* a& "# alle$e(ly rece".e( #he CA (ec"&"o% o% Ar"l 2, 2000 3o*e.er, o&"#a ar$'e& #ha# #he e#"#"o% "& (efec#".e )eca'&e Ba%4 ac#'ally rece".e( CA (ec"&"o% o% Ar"l 25, 2000 *he% oel o&ale&, a% emloyee of Ba%47& la* f"rm rece".e( "# from #he Po&# off"ce a%( #h'& E+'"#a)le &ho'l( ha.e f"le( mo#"o% for e/#e%&"o% o% May 8, 2000 %o# May 10 E+'"#a)le rel"e( #ha# oel "& %o# a% a$e%# of #he )a%4 a& e/re&&ly me%#"o%e( "% h"& aff"(a."# HELD: Ba%4 HELD: Ba%4 f"le( e#"#"o% )eyo%( re$leme%#ary er"o( There *a& erfec#"o% of #he a$e%cy a& oel o&ale& a.erre( "% h"& aff"(a."# #ha# 9o% occa&"o%& *he% I rece".e ma"l ma##er& for &a"( la* off"ce, "# "& o%ly #o hel #hem rece".e #he"r le##er& rom#ly,: "mly"%$ #ha# co'%&el ha( allo*e( #he rac#"ce of o&ale& rece"."%$ ma"l "% )ehalf of #he former There "& %o &ho*"%$ &ho*"%$ #ha# co'%&el ha( o);ec#e( #o #h"& rac#"ce rac#"ce or #oo4 &#e& #o '# a &#o #o "# "# 3o*e.er, "% #he "%#ere&# of ;'&#"ce, #he e#"#"o% *a& &#"ll $".e% ('e co'r&e DOCTRINE: PE A% a$e%cy may )e e/re&& )'# it may also be implied from the acts of the principal, principal, from his silence, or lack of action, or his failure to repudiate the agency, knowing that another person is acting on his behalf without authority. PE L"4e*"&e, acce#a%ce )y #he a$e%# may al&o )e e/re&&, al#ho'$h it may also be implied from his acts which carry out the agency , or from h"& &"le%ce or "%ac#"o% accor("%$ #o #he c"rc'm&#a%ce& c"rc'm&#a%ce& ?Ar# 1@0 FACTS: No((y =a"ry Pro('c#& I%c "%c'rre( a loa% from E+'"#a)le Ba%4"%$ Corora#"o% ?%o* E+'"#a)le PCI Ba%4 A& &ec'r"#y, o&"#a K', #rea&'rer of No((y, I%c, a%( K' G"o43e%$, PDGM of No((y I%c a%( o&"#a7& fa#her, mor#$a$e( a re&"(e%#"al ho'&e a%( lo# loca#e( "% La "&#a, QC *h"ch "& re$"&#ere( "% o&"#a7& %ame -he% No((y, I%c fa"le( #o ay #he loa%, E+'"#a)le foreclo&e( #he roer#y e/#ra;'("c"ally a%( *a& "&&'e( a cer#"f"ca#e of &ale af#er *"%%"%$ "% #he foreclo&'re &ale o&"#a fa"le( #o re(eem #he roer#y &o &o #he e$"&#er of =ee(& ca%cele( #he TCT TCT "% her %ame a%( a %e* o%e *a& "&&'e( "% E+'"#a)le7& %ame May 10, @8> E+'"#a)le "%&#"#'#e( a% ac#"o% for e;ec#me%# )efore MeTC QC a$a"%&# o&"#a7& fa#her K' G"o43e%$ I# allo*e( K' G"o43e%$ #o rema"% "% #he roer#y o% #he #he co%("#"o% #ha# #he la##er ay re%# 3o*e.er, K' G"o43e%$7& fa"le( fa"le( o #o ay re%# #h'& #h"& ac#"o% K' G"o43e%$ (e%"e( #ha# #here *a& a%y lea&e a$reeme%# o.er #he roer#y MeTC ?=ec @, 85> I% fa.or of E+'"#a)le a%( or(ere( K' G"o4 3e%$ #o .aca#e #he rem"&e& No r"$h# for h"& co%#"%'e( o&&e&&"o% of or &#ay a& #"#le ha( )ee% ('ly #ra%&ferre( #o E+'"#a)le B'yer "% foreclo&'re &ale o )ecome& #he a)&ol'#e o*%er of #he roer#y 'rcha&e( "f "# "& %o# re(eeme( ('r"%$ #he er"o( of 1 year af#er #he re$"&#ra#"o% of #he &ale K' G"o43e%$ ("( %o# aeal #he (ec"&"o% of #he MeTC =ec 20, 85> I%&#ea(, he a%( o&"#a K', f"le( a% ac#"o% )efore TC QC #o %'ll"fy #he (ec"&"o% of #he MeTC TC ?!e# 1, 88> No mer"#F ="&m"&&e( comla"%# a%( or(ere( #he e/ec'#"o% of #he MeTC (ec"&"o% o&"#a f"le( "% CA a &ec"al c"."l ac#"o% for certiorari a&&a"l"%$ a&&a"l"%$ #he (ec"&"o% of #he TC a& &he *a& %o# ma(e a ar#y #o #he e;ec#me%# &'"# a%( *a&, #herefore, (er".e( of ('e roce&& CA ?Mar 1, 2000> A$ree( *"#h o&"#a E%;o"%e( #he e."c#"o% of o&"#a from #he rem"&e& May 1! "> "> E+'"#a)le f"le( "% !C a #$ti$% &$' a% e(te%)i$% $& * +ay) from May 10, 2000 or '%#"l '%e 8, 2000 #o f"le "#& e#"#"o% for re."e* of #he CA (ec"&"o% a& #he ,a%- .a) 'e/eive+ t.e CA +e/i)i$% $% A0'il "! "2 A0'il A0'il "! " ece".e( CA =ec"&"o% ?1 (ay& re$leme%#ary er"o( #o f"le e#"#"o% for re."e* O f"le mo#"o% for o e/#e%&"o% May 1!" 1!" <"le( mo#"o% for e/#e%&"o% for 0 (ay& o 3u%e 4! " " *D% 0 (ay& o SC: Gra%#e( SC: Gra%#e( #he mo#"o% for a 0H(ay e/#e%&"o% 9co'%#e( from #he e/"ra#"o% of #he re$leme%#ary er"o(: a%( 9co%("#"o%e( 'o% #he ti#eli%e)) $& t.e &ili%5 $& t.e #$ti$% &$' e(te%)i$%26 '%e 1, 2000> E+'"#a)le Ba%4 f"le( "#& e#"#"o%, co%#e%("%$ #ha# #here *a& %o %ee( #o %ame o&"#a K' a& a ar#y "% #he ac#"o% for e;ec#me%# &"%ce &he *a& %o# a re&"(e%# of #he rem"&e& %or *a& &he "% o&&e&&"o% of #he roer#y FOOTNOTE: The la&# (ay #o f"le f"le #he e#"#"o e#"#"o% % *a& *a& o% '%e 8, 2000 2000 )'# )eca'&e )eca'&e of #he Co'r#7& Co'r#7& 88 #h A%%".er&ary o Cele)ra#"o%, )'&"%e&& #ra%&ac#"o%& *ere &'&e%(e( o% &a"( (a#e er Memora%('m C"rc'lar No 0H2000 o&"#a ar$'e& #ha# #he e#"#"o% "& (efec#".e )eca'&e of %o%Hcoml"a%ce *"#h re$leme%#ary er"o( Ba%4 rece".e( CA (ec"&"o% %o# o% A0'il "! " )'# " )'# o% A0'il "7! " o A0'il "7! " H " H coy 9*a& ('ly (el".ere( #o a%( rece".e( )y 3$el R$)ale) 8Aut.$'i9e+ Re0'e)e%tative6 a& Re0'e)e%tative6 a& e."(e%ce( o )y a Cer#"f"ca#"o% "&&'e( )y #he Ma%"la Ce%#ral Po&# Off"ce May May 1! " " -he% E+'"#a) E+'"#a)le le f"le( f"le( "#& mo#"o% mo#"o% for e/#e%&"o e/#e%&"o% % #o f"le f"le e#"#" e#"#"o% o% for re."e*, re."e*, "# *a& 1 (ay )eyo%( )eyo%( #he o re$leme%#ary er"o( for f"l"%$ #he e#"#"o% for re."e* O mo#"o% #o e/#e%( *Dc m'&# )e f"le( o% May 4! " H " H 1 (ay& from #he rece"# of CA (ec"&"o% ,a%-;) ,a%- ;) Re0ly: Re 0ly: e"#era#e& 9"#& ho%e&# rere&e%#a#"o% of ha."%$ rece".e( a coy of CA (ec"&"o% o% Ar"l 2, 2000: ece"# o% Ar"l 25, 2000 )y oel o&ale&, *ho *a& %o# a% a$e%# of "#& co'%&el7& la* off"ce ca%%o# )e co%&"(ere( rece"# of #he CA =ec"&"o% )y #he Ba%4 ?or "#& co'%&el R$)ale); A&&i+avit •
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Emloyee of U%"+'e I%('&#r"al All"e( !er."ce&, I%c a%( a&&"$%e( *"#h #he E+'"#a)le PCI Ba%4, Ma"l a%( Co'r"er =ear#me%# *D off"c"al ('#y a%( re&o%&")"l"#y #o rece".e a%( "c4H' from #he Ma%"la Ce%#ral Po&# Off"ce #he .ar"o'& ma"l&, le##er&, corre&o%(e%ce, a%( o#her ma"l ma##er& "%#e%(e( for #he )a%47& .ar"o'& (ear#me%#& a%( off"ce& a# E+'"#a)le Ba%4 B'"l("%$ I a# %$t t.e /$%)titute+ a5e%t $& O&&i/e6 &$' 0u'0$)e) $& o 'e/eivi%5 t.ei' i%/$#i%5 #ail #atte')? %eit.e' a# I a%y )u/. a5e%t $& t.e va'i$u) $t.e' te%a%t) $& t.e )ai+ ,uil+i%52 O% $//a)i$%) >.e% I 'e/eive #ail #atte') &$' )ai+ la> $&&i/e! it i) $%ly t$ .el0 t.e# 'e/eive t.ei' lette') 0'$#0tly2 Ar"l 25, 2000> ece".e( CA =ec"&"o% #o$e#her *"#h o#her ma"l ma##er&, a%( )ro'$h# #hem #o #he Ma"l a%( Co'r"er o =ear#me%#F Ar"l 2, 2000> Af#er &or#"%$ o'# ma"l ma##er&, erro%eo'&ly recor(e( #hem o% a$e 522 of lo$)oo4 a& ha."%$ )ee% rece".e( o o% Ar"l 2, 2000 Ar"l 2, 2000> =ec"&"o% *a& &e%# )y #he Ma"l a%( Co'r"er =ear#me%# #o &a"( La* Off"ce *ho&e rece"."%$ cler4 oe%e( o #he le##er a%( &#ame( o% #he 9No#"ce of '($me%#: #he"r ac#'al (a#e of rece"#> 9Ar"l 2, 2000: May @, 2000> A##y ola%( A N"e(o of &a"( la* off"ce "%+'"re( a& #o ac#'al (a#e of rece"# of le##er, a%( "%forme( h"m #ha# o )a&e( o% lo$)oo4, "# *a& rece".e( o% Ar"l 2, 2000 Error *a& ca'&e( )y a% ho%e&# m"&#a4e o Ba%4 al&o ar$'e& &'ch rece"# ("( %o# co%&#"#'#e %o#"ce #o "#& co'%&el, a& re+'"re( )y ec. ! and "#, $ule "% of $&' CA (ec"&"o% ac#'ally rece".e( o% Ar"l 2, 2000 !EC 2 (iling and service defined. <"l"%$ "& #he ac# of re&e%#"%$ #he lea("%$ or o#her aer of #he cler4 of co'r# o !er."ce "& #he ac# of ro."("%$ a ar#y *"#h a coy of #he lea("%$ or aer co%cer%e( If a%y ar#y ha& aeare( )y co'%&el, )e'vi/e u0$% .i# ).all be #a+e u0$% .i) /$u%)el $' $%e $& t.e#! '%le&& &er."ce 'o% #he ar#y h"m&elf "& or(ere( )y #he co'r# -here o%e co'%&el aear& for &e.eral ar#"e&, he &hall o%ly )e e%#"#le( #o o%e coy of a%y aer &er.e( 'o% h"m )y #he oo&"#e &"(e P)*+ vs. N)$' > I# *a& o%ly *he% #he Le5al Se'vi/e) Divi)i$% ac#'ally rece".e( a coy of #he (ec"&"o% #ha# a roer a%( o .al"( &er."ce may )e (eeme( #o ha.e )ee% ma(e Ac#'al rece"# )y "#& co'%&el *a& ac#'ally o% Ar"l 2, 2000, %o# Ar"l 2, 2000 The mo#"o% for e/#e%&"o% #o f"le #he o e#"#"o% for re."e* *a& e.e% f"le( 2 (ay& )efore #he la&e of #he 1H(ay re$leme%#ary er"o( A&&'m"%$ #he mo#"o% for e/#e%&"o% *a& "%(ee( o%e (ay la#e, Ba%4 'r$e& !C #o &'&e%( "#& r'le& a%( a(m"# #he e#"#"o% "% #he "%#ere&# of ;'&#"ce ISSUES: 1 -he#her oel o&ale& ca% )e co%&"(ere( #he a$e%# of Ba%47& co'%&el a%( #h'& &er."ce #o h"m *a& co%&"(ere( &er."ce #o Ba%4J ?E! -hether the act of the law firm in allowing its employee to occasionally receive its mail can be construed to mean an agency relationship /01 2 -he#her, "% #he "%#ere&# of ;'&#"ce, #he r'le& o% re$leme%#ary er"o(& ca% )e &'&e%(e( "% #h"& ca&eJ ?E! -he#her a er&o% ca% )e e."c#e( )y ."r#'e of a (ec"&"o% re%(ere( "% a% e;ec#me%# ca&e *here &he *a& %o# ;o"%e( a& a ar#yJ ?E! RATIO: 1 oel o&ale& "& a% a$e%# of Ba%47& co'%&el Al#ho'$h #he Aff"(a."# of oel o&ale& &#a#e& #ha# he "& 9%o# #he co%&#"#'#e( a$e%# of C'ra#oH="."%aHMa)"lo$HNe(oHMa$#'roH Pa$a('a% La* Off"ce:, a% a$e%cy may )e e/re&& )'# it may also be implied from the acts of the principal, from his silence, or lack of action, or his failure to repudiate the agency, knowing that another person is acting on his behalf without authority. ?Ar# 1@68 L"4e*"&e, acce#a%ce )y #he a$e%# may al&o )e e/re&&, al#ho'$h it may also be implied from his acts which carry out the agency , or from h"& &"le%ce or "%ac#"o% accor("%$ #o #he c"rc'm&#a%ce& ?Ar# 1@0 CA!E AT BA> oel o&ale& a.erre( #ha# 9o% occa&"o%& *he% I rece".e ma"l ma##er& for &a"( la* off"ce, "# "& o%ly #o hel #hem rece".e #he"r le##er& rom#ly,: i#0lyi%5 t.at /$u%)el .a+ all$>e+ t.e 0'a/ti/e $& R$)ale) 'e/eivi%5 #ail i% be.al& $& t.e &$'#e'2 T.e'e i) %$ ).$>i%5 t.at /$u%)el .a+ $b@e/te+ t$ t.i) 0'a/ti/e $' t$$- )te0) t$ 0ut a )t$0 t$ it2 2 Co'r# $".e& ('e co'r&e #o e#"#"o% "% &"#e of %o%coml"a%ce *"#h er"o(& "% l"$h# of #he mer"#& of #he e#"#"o% The erfec#"o% of a% aeal *"#h"% #he er"o( f"/e( )y #he r'le& "& ma%(a#ory a%( ;'r"&("c#"o%al B'#, "# "& al*ay& "% #he o*er of #h"& Co'r# #o &'&e%( "#& o*% r'le&, or #o e/ce# a ar#"c'lar ca&e from "#& oera#"o%, *he%e.er #he 'ro&e& of ;'&#"ce re+'"re "# !#ro%$ comell"%$ rea&o%& &'ch a& &er."%$ #he e%(& of ;'&#"ce a%( re.e%#"%$ a $ra.e m"&carr"a$e #hereof *arra%# #he &'&e%&"o% of #he r'le& The Co'r# rocee(e( #o e%'mera#e ca&e& *here #he r'le& o% re$leme%#ary er"o(& *ere &'&e%(e( ?2 (ay&F "% (ay&F " (ayF 3 (ay&F ! (ay&F #ar(y aeal E.e% "f o&"#a *ere a re&"(e%# of #he roer#y, &he "& %e.er#hele&& )o'%( )y #he ;'($me%# of #he MeTC "% #he ac#"o% for e;ec#me%# (e&"#e her )e"%$ a %o%Har#y #here#o a& #he (a'$h#er of K' G"o43e%$, #he (efe%(a%# "% #he ac#"o% for e;ec#me%# Ge%erally, %o ma% &hall )e affec#e( )y a%y rocee("%$ #o *h"ch he "& a &#ra%$er, a%( &#ra%$er& #o a ca&e are %o# )o'%( )y ;'($me%# re%(ere( )y #he co'r# ?Ma#'$'"%a vs CA Ne.er#hele&&, a ;'($me%# "% a% e;ec#me%# &'"# "& )"%("%$ %o# o%ly 'o% #he (efe%(a%#& "% #he &'"# )'# al&o a$a"%&# #ho&e %o# ma(e ar#"e& #here#o, "f #hey are> a #re&a&&er&, &+'a##er& or a$e%#& of #he (efe%(a%# fra'('le%#ly occ'y"%$ #he roer#y #o fr'&#ra#e #he ;'($me%#F o ) $'e&#& or o#her occ'a%#& of #he rem"&e& *"#h #he erm"&&"o% of #he (efe%(a%#F o c #ra%&feree& pendente liteF o ( &')Hle&&ee&F o e coHle&&ee&F or o f mem)er& of #he fam"ly, rela#".e& a%( o#her r"."e& of #he (efe%(a%# ?Oro Cam E%#err"&e&, I%c vs CA o DISPOSITIE: Pe#"#"o% 4560N *U0 '&U$0 a%( 4$AN+0* CA (ec"&"o% $060$0* o
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