General Construction Process - II

Illustrated Illustrat ed Seque

Phases of a Single House Constr

Pre Construction Phase

Brief - Design – Plan – Finance – Approvals

The amount of time needed to develop a c

Careful planning is required to e situated in relation to

The first stage of construction invol on the property.

Substructure – Bulk E

1. General Site Grading – RL 2. Earthwork excavation for founda 3. Earthwork for Utilities, Trenches

Anti termite

In some cases, unusual site conditio may require additional measures such as sump pumps, ditching or d topsoil and excavated material su eliminate the need to import fill a

Superstructure – Grade Slab, Fr Elements

1. 2.

Earthwork Filling Anti termite treatment Grade Slab/ Slab Grade

Trades

1.   Ear 2. An

  Con

Framed Structures

Formworks System

Scaffolding System

Plumbing 1. Concealed works – Pipes, Condui 2. Associated civil works – water pr 3. Pulling of wires generally done a

pl ed

tl af

F 1. External Brickwork 2. External Plastering 3. External Painting 4. Stone Finishes

Interior Finishe 1. Internal Brickworks 2. Plastering – walls, ceiling 3. Floor preparation

Fl

l

ba

1. Holdfasts 2. Door/ window Frames –fixing & 3. Fixing of doors windows – wood

1. final grading, 2. driveways, 3. steps,

walkways,

2.

Formworks  

 

It should be strong enough to withstand al

It should be rigidly constructed and efficie horizontally and vertically, so as to retain it

The joints in the formwork should be tight

Construction of formwork should permit re desired sequences without damage to the

Economy in Formwork 





The plan of the building should imply mi size of rooms, floor area etc. so as t repeatedly. Design should be perfect to use slender way. Minimum sawing and cutting of wooden

Timber Formworks

Timber for formwork should satisfy the follow It should be 

well seasoned



light in weight



easily workable with nails without splitting free from loose knots

Plywood Formworks

Resin bonded plywood sheets are attached to panels of required sizes. The cost of plywood with that of timber shuttering and it may eve in view of the following considerations: 

It is possible to have smooth finish in whic

Steel Formworks Steel Formwork 





This consist of panels fabricated out of thin edges by small steel angles.

The panel units can be held together throu bolts and nuts.

The panels can be fabricated in large numb

Steel & Timber based F Comparison 



Steel forms are stronger, durable and have formwork and their reuses are more in num

Steel forms can be installed and dismantle

Construction of Formw

  

Propping and centring   Shuttering  Provision of camber Cleaning and surface treatment

Removal of Formwork 

 



Shuttering forming the vertical faces of wa removed first as they bear no load but onl

Shuttering forming soffit of slabs removed

Shuttering forming soffit of beams, girders shuttering removed in the end.

Rapid hardening cement, warm weather a

Period of Removal of For S. No. Description of structural membe 1

Walls, columns and vertical sides o

2

Slabs (props left under)

3

Beam soffits (props left under)

4

Removal of props to slabs (a) For slabs spanning upto 4 5 m