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Zidrjqvdmkmj ml K`hkqrj ‖ Jvfl`k Vzpjqdlq mj Vk÷mj mj Bkql D ‖ DI]QLMZÈÆL Njvnl {zj iæl qjpkqjnlv mjvmj mj pj{zjilv }jnlv rdiml k pkvvkq plq vd}zkèújv mj flib`d}l, vd}zkèújv jvvkv, {zj fln l pkvvkq ml }jnpl ræl }jiml nkdlq dnplq}áifdk) Mj k`hznk blqnk vzqhj k ijfjvvdmkmj mj hjqdq jvvkv vd}zkèújv mj flib`d}l)
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Zidrjqvdmkmj ml K`hkqrj ‖ Jvfl`k Vzpjqdlq mj Vk÷mj mj Bkql DD ‖ Ji{zkmqknji}l }jöqdfl ;) FLIB@D]L
;);) Mjbdidèæl mj flib`d}l ‐K lplvdèæl {zj vzqhj {zkiml jsdv}j zn mjvkflqml mji}ql lz ji}qj dimdrîmzlv, j{zdpkv, mjpkq}knji}lv lz lqhkidwkèújv)„ ;
]dplv mj flib`d}l7 flib`d}lv mj lagjf}drlv5 flib`d}lv flhid}drlv5
flib`d}lv kbjf}drlv) Dimjpjimji}jnji}j ml }dpl mj flib`d}l {zj jv}jgk k jibqji}kq, l dimdrîmzl }jn }qçv }dplv mj k}d}zmj pjqki}j l flib`d}l7 ‡
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Ijhk}drkv7 }ji}k j`dndikq l flib`d}l lz zvë.`l pkqk flnpj}dèæl fl npj}dèæl di}jivdrk) _lvd}drkv7 _lvd}drkv7 nki}jq zn flib`d}l fliv}qz}drl j }ji}kq mjvflaqdq kv qkwújv mkv mdbjqjièkv mj lpdidæl)
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J{zd`daqkmkv7 }jq k fjq}jwk mj {zkiml mjrj jsdv}dq k`hzn flib`d}l j qjmzwdq k knadhzdmkmj j flib`d}l il }qkak`cl) Mjvrki}khjiv ml flib`d}l
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K}jièæl mjvrdkmk mlv l agjf}drlv Fqdk qjvvji}dnji}l ji}qj lv jirl`rdmlv _qjmlndik znk divk}dvbkèæl
Kgzmk il mjvjirl`rdnji}l
]jnlv mj }jq jn fli}k k pjqvlik`dmkmjv mkv pjvvlkv {zkiml jv}knlv pjqki}j zn flib`d}l, pldv rkd vjq nkdv mdbîfd` hjqdq zn flib`d}l fln dimdrîmzlv mj pjqvlik`dmkmjv mdbîfjdv) _ldv ijv}k vd}zkèæl ä nkdv mjvjgërj` flibqli}ë.`k j jvf`kqjfj.`k iæl ijvvj pqjfdvl nlnji}l, nkv vdn nkdv }kqmj) Kvvdn, plmjnlv mjdskq lv dimdrîmzlv kfk`nkqjn.v kfk` nkqjn.vj, j, pldv iæl {zjqjnlv {zj k vd}zkèæl fcjhzj kl k l pli}l {zj l flqpl ;
Mjbdidèkl mj flib`d}l qj}dqkmk ml `drql ‐Nkikhjnji}„)
Zidrjqvdmkmj ml K`hkqrj ‖ Jvfl`k Vzpjqdlq mj Vk÷mj mj Bkql vzav}d}zk kv pk`krqkv pj`lv nk`jv) nk `jv) 1) FLIB@D]L J KNADHZDMKMJ ML ]QKAK@CL
_lmjnlv flivdmjqkq l }qkak`cl flnl zn fligzi}l mj }kqjbkv j kf}drdmkmjv {zj zn dimdrîmzl ä vzplv}l mjvjnpjickq) Gë l flib`d}l il }qkak`cl lflqqj {zkiml znk pjvvlk jv}ë vzgjd}k k pqjvvújv lz jspjf}k}drkv nzd}l j`jrkmkv jlz diflivdv}ji}jv) diflivdv}ji}jv) K knadhzdmkmj ml }qkak`cl lflqqj {zkiml iæl jsdv}j diblqnkèæl kmj{zkmk, k diblqnkèæl ä flibzvk lz diflnp`j}k j {zkiml iæl vj vkaj kv vzkv flivj{zçifdkv) ]dplv mj flib`d}l7 flib`d}lv di}qk.pjvvlkdv5 flib`d}lv di}jqpjvvlkdv5
flib`d}lv fln lz}qlv }qkak`clv5 flib`d}lv ji}qj ijfjvvdmkmjv j rk`lqjv) 6. HJV]ÆL MJ FLIB@D]LV
_kqk vj rdrjq nj`clq ï {zj kpqjimjq k hjqdq lv flib`d}lv {zj k rdmk ilv dnpúj, lz iöv k j`k) Ki}jv mj nkdv ikmk rlz qjbjqjifdkq lv rëqdlv jv}d`lv mj hjv}æl) Jv}jv væl7 ‡
Jv}d`l ‐Jrd}kq„ ‖ z}d`dwkèæl plvd}drk {zkiml7 lv kvvzi}lv væl plzfl vdhidbdfki}jv5 vdhidbdfki}jv5 ï bk`}k mj diblqnkèæl5 ï bk`}k mj plmjq5 {zkiml jsdv}j k`hzän fkpkw mj qjvl`rjq nj`clq l pqla`jnk)
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Jv}d`l ‐Fk`nl„ ‖ alk z}d`dwkèæl {zkiml7 fkqhk jnlfdlik` j`jrkmk5 ä ijfjvvëqdl nki}jq k ckqnlidk5 l flib`d}l akvjdk.vj ik pjqvlik`dmkmj mj fkmk zn)
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Jv}d`l ‐Md}kmlq„ . z}d`dwkèæl ajiäbdfk {zkiml7 k jnjqhçifdk dnp`dfk kfèæl dnjmdk}k5 njmdmkv plzfl plpz`kqjv5 kz}l pql}jfèæl mk pjvvlk)
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Jv}d`l ‐Flnpqlndvvl„ ‖ kfèæl jbdfkw {zkiml7 l kflqml ä nj`clq ml {zj iæl jsdv}dq5 iæl vj plmj hkickq5 pli}lv p li}lv mj rdv}k jsdv}ji}jv nzd}l mdbjqji}jv)
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Jv}d`l ‐Fl`kalqk}drl„ ‖ ÷}d` {zkiml7 mdbjqj k blqnk mj la}jq lv lagjf}drlv5 ä ijfjvvëqdl k}dihdq zn flivjivl5 k vl`zèæl }jn mj }jq nzd}k {zk`dmkmj) Il
Zidrjqvdmkmj ml K`hkqrj ‖ Jvfl`k Vzpjqdlq mj Vk÷mj mj Bkql ji}ki}l jv}j jv}d`l }jn k`hznkv flimdèújv fli}qk, {zkiml, ï bk`}k mj }jnpl, plmjn kpkqjfjq kvpjf}lv ijhk}drlv ijhk}drlv ml hqzpl j {zkiml k kfèæl ä në rdv}l mji}ql mjvvj hqzpl) 6);. IJHLFDKÈÆL J HJV]ÆL MJ FLIB@D]LV
_kqk vj k}dihdq zn kflqml ä ijfjvvëqdl ijhlfdkq ijhlfdkq fln lv dimdrîmzlv {zj }jickn lagjf}drlv flnziv lz mdrjqhji}jv, dv}l ä, k ijhlfdkèæl flivdv}j ik qjflifd`dkèæl mj mdbjqjièkv ji}qj mzkv lz nkdv pkq}jv jn flib`d}l) Jsdv}j zn fligzi}l mj bkf}lqjv {zj flimdfdlikn l pqlfjvvl ijhlfdk`, plmjnlv lavjqrkq dv}l il nlmj`l vdv}ändfl ml pqlfjvvl ijhlfdk`)
Bdhzqk ;) Nlmj`l vdv}ändfl ml pqlfjvvl ijhlfdk`
_kqk ckrjq ijhlfdkèæl dnp`dfk {zj ckgk7 znk vl`zèæl pkq}d`ckmk ji}qj lv dimdrîmzlv5 zn pqlfjvvl vj{zjifdk`5 zn jirl`rdnji}l mj mzkv lz nkdv ji}dmkmjv5 mdrjqhçifdkv mdrjqhçifdkv jn pj`l njilv izn kvpjf}l lz pkq}d`ck pkq} d`ck mj kvpjf}lv flnziv) _kqk k ijhlfdkèæl mjrj.vj mjrj.vj mdkhilv}dfkq k vd}zkèæl , fln k qjvplv}k pkqk vjdv {zjv}újv k }jq jn fli}k) f li}k) ;) L {zj vj {zjq< Ä dvvl njvnl< 1) L {zj vj kfck {zj k lz}qk ji}dmkmj {zjq lz pqjfdvk< Mj fjq}jwk< fjq}jwk<
b kf}lv, lagjf}drlv, nä}lmlv lz bzièújv< 6) Cë mdrjqhçifdkv qj`k}drknji}j k bkf}lv,
Zidrjqvdmkmj ml K`hkqrj ‖ Jvfl`k Vzpjqdlq mj Vk÷mj mj Bkql =) L {zj vj pjqmj vj l flib`d}l qjdikq< :) [zj lagjf}drlv væl pkq}d`ckmlv plq knakv kv pkq}jv< 2) Vj vj mjfdmdq k fl`kalqkq mzqki}j k ijhlfdkèæl, {zkdv lv pqdnjdqlv pkvvlv k
mkq<
Ä dnplq}ki}j k qj`kèæl ji}qj k ijhlfdkèæl j lv jv}d`lv mj flib`d}lv, pldv fjq}lv jv}d`lv plmjn kgzmkq lz pdlqkq ik ijhlfdkèæl) _lmj.vj _lmj.vj zvkq nkdv {zj zn jv}d`l mj hjv}æl mj flib`d}lv fli b`d}lv mzqki}j kv ijhlfdkèújv) _lq jsjnp`l l fcjbj mj vjqrdèl mj qkmdl`lhdk diblqnk mldv }äfidflv {zj zn mj`jv }jn mj bkwjq nkdv znk clqk mj vjqrdèl il clvpd}k` plq nçv, j j`jv {zj mjfdmkn) Nkv flnl j`jv væl nzd}lv mdbjqji}jv iæl flivjhzjn hjqdq jv}j flib`d}l, ji}æl lz}ql }äfidfl mj blqk mdw.`cjv {zj j`jv plmdkn lv mldv bkwjq jvvj vjqrdèl nkv dkn k`}jqikiml, k` }jqikiml, lqk zn nçv bkwdk zn j l lz}ql bkwdk l vjhzdi}j nçv) Ji}æl qjk`dwkqkn jvvk ijhlfdkèæl fln l fcjbj j }drjqkn lv mldv {zj z}d`dwkq l jv}d`l fl`kalqk}drl j flnpqlndvvl) _lmj.vj z}d`dwkq fdifl njfkidvnlv pkqk kgzmkq k jrd}kq, qjvl`rjq lz qjmzwdq dnpkvvjv il pqlfjvvl mj ijhlfdkèújv7 ‡
Kqad}qkhjn Kqad}qkhjn rl`zi}ëqdk #lv dimdrîmzlv di mdrîmzlv lz ji}dmkmjv kfjd}kn znk ji}dmkmj
ijz}qk #dimdrdmzk` #dimdrdmzk` lz fl`jf}drk$ pkqk qjvl`rjq qjvl`rjq fjq}lv pli}lv mj mdvföqmdk$ ‖ il jsjnp`l kfdnk qjbjqdml mlv }äfidflv z}d`dwk.nlv z}d`dwk.nlv jv}j njfkidvnl pkqk qjvl`rjq l dnpkvvj ik ijhlfdkèæl5 ‡
Njmdkmlq #knalv lv dimdrîmzlv lz ji}dmkmjv væl lzrdmlv plq zn j`jnji}l
ijz}ql mj k {zj j`jv fcjhzjn k zn flivjivl$5 ‡
Zn njnaql ml jv}kml #kgzmk lv dimdrîmzlv k kpqjvji}kq kv vzkv
pqjlfzpkèújv j blqijfj.`cjv diblqnkèæl diblqnkèæl mj blqnk k hjqdq k ijhlfdkèæl$5
Zidrjqvdmkmj ml K`hkqrj ‖ Jvfl`k Vzpjqdlq mj Vk÷mj mj Bkql ‡
Bkfd`d}kmlq #ji}dmkmj ijz}qk {zj më blqnkèæl j flivz`}lqdk mj blqnk
dimjpjimji}j j dvji}k k fkmk dimdrdmzl jirl`rdml mj nlml k kgzmkqk kg zmkqk mjbdidq j k fqdk k`}jqik}drkv mlv pqla`jnkv) Ilqnk`nji}j z}d`dwkml ki}jv mk ijhlfdkèæl)$5 ‡
]qdazik` #ï zn pqlfjvvl jn }qdazik` kpqjvji}kml plq zn l z knalv lv
dimdrîmzlv, dimdfkiml dimdfkiml l {zj znk ji}dmkmj bjw mj jqqkml j l {zj jv}k {zjq mj qjflnpjivk) Nkv jv}j njfkidvnl ä mjvrki}kglvl, mjvrki}kglvl, pldv ä mdvpjimdlvl, mjnlqk l vjz }jnpl, fqdk znk vd}zkèæl mj rd}öqdkmjqql}k j k mjfdvæl ä dnplv}k pj`l }qdazik`)$)
Lv md`jnkv ä}dflv jv}æl pqjvji}jv jn {zk`{zjq flib`d}l lz ijhlfdkèæl j k qjvl`zèæl mjpjimj f`kqknji}j ml jv}kml mj jvpîqd}l mkv ji}dmkmjv jirl`rdmkv) L md`jnk nkdv flnzn ä k pkq}d`ck mj diblqnkèæl, plq pkq}j mj znk ji}dmkmj) J pkq}d`ckq diblqnkèæl k}ä {zj iîrj`< Vj }lmlv lv bkf}lv jirl`rji}jv blqjn qjrj`kmlv, plmjn pqjgzmdfkq k vl`zèæl {zj nkdv di}jqjvvk k jvvk pkq}j, `lhl ` lhl mj bkf}l ä zn flnpqlndvvl) 6)1. MDRJQHÇIFDKV JI]QJ _QLBDVVDLIKDV
_lq jsjnp`l vj clzrjq znk mdrjqhçifdk ji}qj pqlbdvvdlikdv pqlbdvvdlikdv mj vk÷mj, lv }äfidflv mj qkmdl`lhdk hlv}kqdkn mj flnjèkq k qjk`dwkq jflhqkbdk nkv lv nämdflv qkmdl`lhdv}kv iæl {zjqjn pjqmjq jvvj mdqjd}l) Dv}l dk vjq zn hqkimj flib`d}l, kpjvkq {zj k`hziv k `hziv nämdflv iæl vj dnplq}kvvjn {zj dvvl kfli}jfjvvj, `lhl }dick mj ckrjq znk ijhlfdkèæl pkqk vj }ji}kq k hjv}æl mjv}j flib`d}l, limj dqdk lflqqjq pqlrkrj`nji}j rëqdkv qjzidújv pkqk k qjvl`zèæl mjv}j pqla`jnk) Flnl jv}j jsjnp`l kdimk ä znk dmjdk qjfji}j, dv}l dqdk pqlrlfkq zn hqkimj pqla`jnk) @lhl kv qjzidújv ijv}j nlnji}l dqdkn vjq znk pjqmk mj }jnpl j pqlrlfkq zn mjvhkv}j mkv qj`kèújv di}jq.hqzplv) di}jq.hqzplv)
Zidrjqvdmkmj ml K`hkqrj ‖ Jvfl`k Vzpjqdlq mj Vk÷mj mj Bkql
DDD ‖ FLIF@ZVÆL Fln jv}j }qkak`cl bdfknlv nkdv j`zfdmkmlv pkqk l }jnk mj ‐Hjv}æl mj flib`d}lv„, dv}l ä, kpqlbzimkq flicjfdnji}lv mj vd}zkèújv mj di}jqrjièæl njmdkmlqk, ijhlfdkèæl jbdfkw jn {zj vj plmj kp`dfkq kp` dfkq k mdrjqvlv }dplv mj flib`d}l7 bknd`dkq, pqlbdvvdlik`, knlqlvl j lz}qlv) lz }qlv)
Zidrjqvdmkmj ml K`hkqrj ‖ Jvfl`k Vzpjqdlq mj Vk÷mj mj Bkql
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