HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Accident Triangles Major Injuries
Serious
29
Minor Minor Injuries
29 Property
Near Misses
300 Heinrich 1930
Near Miss Frank Bird 1970
10 near misses leads to 1 LTI
10 Near Misses For Every Incident? Reactive : Every dog is allowed one bite ??? Proactive : HIRARC HIRADC HEMP
An Accident Waiting To Happen
Implementing OSH MS Use of the HIRARC form Hazard Identification techniques Risk Assessment Risk Controls
RISK MANAGEMENT • RISK MANAGEMENT considers PEOPLE SAFETY, PROCESS SAFETY and LOSS MANAGEMENT • PEOPLE SAFETY takes care of people; it is analysed using HIRARC and JHA/JSA
• PROCESS SAFETY takes care of plant and process; it is analysed using techniques such as HAZOP, FMEA, SWIFT, FTA, ETA, PHEA. • LOSS MANAGEMENT is DAMAGE CONTROL, the last resort being use of insurance.
RISK MANAGEMENT Various risk management methodologies typically address three of the four basic questions : 1. What can go wrong? (Hazard Identification) 2.
How bad can it be? (Risk Assessment), and
3. What should be done about it? (Risk Control) The fourth question ("What are the causes?") is often, typically, not addressed.
If the causes are considered, it can lead to more comprehensive controls. Need for Root Cause Analysis.
HIRARC & JHA are for PEOPLE SAFETY
Hazard, Target, Consequence
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION What does NOT constitute a hazard.
Tripping and falling is not a hazard per se. It is the consequence. Cables lying on the floor is. When we say cables are tripping hazards, it means the cables can cause tripping. A lion is not a hazard in this room. Similarly, a fire I also not a hazard in this room, since there is no fire. Getting injured is not a hazard. Falling from height is also not a hazard. Both are consequences. Not having railings is not the hazard. Neither is not wearing a safety harness. The hazard is working at height. The railings and harness are controls
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION Basically a HIRARC or a JSA is NOT a tool for hazard identification, but hazards are identified in the process. Hazard Identification is part of HIRARC. When you do the hazard identification in HIRARC, you have to use at least one, or a combination of the techniques mentioned above, and not a special technique dedicated to HIRARC. In JSA, most of the time you will be using the observation and interview techniques, or any combination of techniques mentioned above, and not a special technique dedicated to JSA.
HAZARDS AND TARGETS A RISK emerges when a TARGET is introduced or exposed to a HAZARD! No Target, No Risk! The Level of RISK depends on 1) The LIKELIHOOD of the HAZARD(S) to cause a CONSEQUENCE, and 2) the SEVERITY of the CONSEQUENCE. Therefore, RISK can be measured in terms of the PROBABILITY or LIKELIHOOD of OCCURRENCE of the CONSEQUENCE, and the SEVERITY of the CONSEQUENCES
When you say : the likelihood is 4, the consequence is 3, the risk is 12, what does it mean?
HAZARD, CONSEQUENCE, LIKELIHOOD, & RISK
WORKING AT HEIGHT
FALLING FROM HEIGHT
CATEGORIES OF HAZARD The obvious hazard : apparent to the human senses, e.g. unguarded machinery, building defect The concealed hazard : not apparent to the human senses, e.g. electricity, nonsmelling toxic vapours, pressure The developing hazard : cannot be recognized immediately, will develop over time, e.g. worn tyre, frayed steel cables
The transient hazard : intermittent hazard, e.g. overloading, sticking safety valve
THE OBVIOUS HAZARD Sharp edges : Knives, Scalpel Working at height, openings Pinch points :
CONCEALED HAZARD ELECTRICITY Faulty Electrical Appliances Faulty Three-Pin Plugs Illegal Extensions
THE WATER HEATER
HUSBAND AND WIFE ... AND A WATER HEATER
MANUAL HANDLING Factories & Machinery Act 11067
Section 12 – “No one shall be employed to lift, carry or move any load that could cause bodily injury.”
Is this transient?
THANK YOU
