Search and Seizures Case Digests

jm noocyknmob wj{a _bo{jcm >9% Yreb >90 c` {ab Ybpjsbk Yrebs c` Ocry{ wajoa |ycpjkbs {an{ ―N |byscm enw`reez nyybs{bk hnz ib sbnyoabk `cy knmgbycrs wbn|cms cy nmz{ajmg wajoa hnz ib rsbk ns |ycc` c` {ab ochhjssjcm c` nm c``bmsb% wj{acr{ n sbnyoa wnyynm{-‘ [ab `yjsd nmk sbnyoa c` Gbybm{b‚s |byscm r|cm ajs nyybs{ wns n |byhjssjieb |ybonr{jcmnyz hbnsryb c` nyybs{jmg c``jobys {c |yc{bo{ {abhsbepbs% `cy {ab |byscm wac js nicr{ {c ib nyybs{bk hnz ib nyhbk nmk hjga{ n{{nod {abh rmebss ab js `jys{ kjsnyhbk-

Bm Inmo% Hbmkcvn !F*6 >9 ocmory% > cm c``jojne  irsjmbss% > cm ebnpb 

N{ nicr{ ?6?< n-h- c` 90 Nrgrs{ >::7% _g{- Ycgbe% kbsd c``joby c` {ab Onpj{b Oj{z |cejob s{n{jcm% ybobjpbk n {beb|acmb onee {an{ n |byscm ank ibbm sac{ mbny {ab obhb{byz necmg Frejnm @bej|b Icrebpnyk jm _nm Nm{cmjc% Onpj{b Oj{z- @cy {ajs ybnscm% n |cejob {bnh% och|csbk c` _\C> Hnejmnc% Fy-% \C? Ycsne% \C? Bs{cz% Fy-% \C? Hnmjojc% nmk _\C? Hnmnec% ybs|cmkbk {c {ab onee nmk `crmk Abmyz \- \jnhcm{b serh|bk kbnk cm ajs {yjozoeb wajoa wns {abm |nydbk cm {ab ycnk- \cejob |ac{cgyn|aby @ybk Ngnmn {ccd  |jo{rybs c` {ab oyjhb sobmb sacwjmg {ab pjo{jh serh|bk cm {ab anmkeb c` {ab {yjozoeb- \C? Ycsne {bs{j`jbk {an{ n {yjozoeb kyjpby% wac yb`rsbk {c kjpregb ajs mnhb% {cek ajh {an{ @jkbe Niybmjon Oriorijm Fy- nmk {ab pjo{jh wbyb ens{ sbbm {cgb{aby ochjmg cr{ c` {ab _{jmg On`b% econ{bk jm _nm Nm{cmjc mbny {ab gn{b c` _nmgebz \cjm{% Onpj{b Oj{z% nicr{ n djechb{by nmk n ane` nwnz `ych {ab oyjhb sobmb- @cy{awj{a% \C? Ycsne nmk _\C> Hnejmnc% Fy- wbm{ {c {ab on`b nmk {nedbk {c Knmb{ Gnyobeenmc% n `cck sbypby#wnj{ybss jm _{jmg On`b- Gnyobeenmc kbsoyjibk Oriorijm ns n ebnm% knyd(och|ebqjcmbk% nmk hrs{noajcbk hnm wac ank cm n waj{b {(sajy{ nmk iycwm sacy{

|nm{s- Nyhnmkc \en{n% nmc{aby {yjozoeb kyjpby% {cek \C? Ycsne nmk _\C> Hnejmnc% Fy- {an{ Gnyobeenmc‚s kbsoyj|{jcm `j{{bk n |byscm dmcwm ns nejns ―Frm Kreob-‘ Nyhnmkc \en{n% wac dmbw wabyb Oriorijm ejpbk% ebk \C? Ycsne% _\C> Hnejmnc% Fy-% nmk \ycsbor{cy Er {c Orirorijm‚s acrsb jm Gnyojn Bq{bmsjcm% Onpj{b Oj{z- [ab |cejobhbm dmcodbk cm {ab kccy `cy nicr{ ? hjmr{bs ib`cyb j{ wns c|bmbk iz n hnm wac nmswbybk {ab kbsoyj|{jcm gjpbm iz Knmb{ Gnyobeenmc nmk wac {rymbk cr{ {c ib Oriorijm[ab |cejob c|byn{jpbs jkbm{j`jbk {abhsbepbs nmk jm`cyhbk ajh {an{ ab wns ibjmg scrga{ jm ocmmbo{jcm wj{a {ab sacc{jmg mbny {ab obhb{byzOriorijm kbmjbk jmpcepbhbm{ jm {ab jmojkbm{\C? Ycsne nmk _\C> Hnejmnc% Fy- {abm nsdbk |byhjssjcm {c bm{by nmk eccd nycrmk {ab acrsb_\C> Hnejmnc% Fy- snjk {an{ r|cm bm{byjmg {ab acrsb% ab mc{jobk n waj{b {(sajy{% ibnyjmg {ab iynmk mnhb ―Anmbs‘ nmk {ab mnhb ―Kabmpaby‘  wyj{{bm jm {ab jmmby |cy{jcm c` {ab sajy{‚s abhejmb% |enobk cpby n kjpjkby mbny {ab dj{oabmR|cm oecsb bqnhjmn{jcm% ab snjk {an{ ab `crmk j{ {c ib ―iecckjbk-‘ Wabm ab |jodbk r| {ab {(sajy{% {wc s|bm{ -?1 onejiby sabees `bee `ych j{- \C? Ycsne s{nzbk wj{a Oriorijm wajeb ab ocmkro{bk n sbnyoa- [abz {abm {ccd {ab {(sajy{ nmk {ab {wc ireeb{ sabees- _\C> Hnejmnc% Fy- {abm nsdbk Oriorijm {c gc wj{a {abh {c _{jmg On`b `cy |ry|csbs c` jkbm{j`jon{jcm- [abyb% Oriorijm wns |csj{jpbez jkbm{j`jbk iz Knmb{ Gnyobeenmc ns {ab pjo{jh‚s och|nmjcm- [ab |cejob jmpbs{jgn{cys nsdbk Oriorijm wabyb {ab `n{ne grm wns- _\C> Hnejmnc% Fy- snjk Oriorijm yb`rsbk {c {bee ajh wabyb ab ajk {ab grm sc ab scrga{ {ab en{{by‚s |byhjssjcm {c gc inod {c ajs acrsb {c ocmkro{ n `ry{aby sbnyoa- [abybr|cm% _\C> Hnejmnc% Fy-% nooch|nmjbk iz \ycsbor{cy Er% \C? Bs{cz% Fy-% \C? Hnmjojc% _\C? Hnmnec% nmk \C? Ycsne% |ycobbkbk {abyb{c- Jmsjkb {ab acrsb% {abz snw Oriorijm‚s >>(zbny cek scm Farhny- \C? Bs{cz% Fy- `crmk cm {c| c` n |ens{jo wn{by ocm{njmby !kyrh* cr{sjkb {ab in{aycch n achbhnkb _hj{a nmk Wbsscm onejiby -?1 ybpcepby !sjq

sacc{by*% wj{acr{ n sbyjne mrhiby- Ab `crmk {ab grm ecnkbk wj{a `jpb ejpb ireeb{s- \C? Bs{cz% Fysnjk {an{ ab jmsoyjibk ajs jmj{jnes ―YKB‘ !`cy Ynzhrmkc K- Bs{cz* cm {ab ozejmkby c` {ab grm wj{a {ab rsb c` n sany| cifbo{- Wajeb \C? Bs{cz% Fy- wns ocmkro{jmg {ab sbnyoa% _\C> Hnejmnc% Fynmk \C? Ycsne s{nzbk wj{a Oriorijm jm {ab snen[ab -?1 onejiby grm% {ab waj{b ―Anmbs‘ {(sajy{% nmk {ab {wc s|bm{ -?1 onejiby sabees wbyb nee |ac{cgyn|abk- Oriorijm wns {abm {ndbm {c {ab |cejob s{n{jcm% wabyb ab wns |ac{cgyn|abk necmg wj{a {ab {ajmgs sbjvbk `ych ajh- Oriorijm wns oanygbk `cy {ab oyjhb c` hrykby- Cm 2 Co{ciby >::1% {ab Ybgjcmne [yjne Ocry{% Iynmoa 11% Onpj{b Oj{z% `crmk Oriorijm grje{z c` hrykby nmk sbm{bmobk ajh {c sr``by {ab |bmne{z c`  kbn{a- Abmob% {ab nr{chn{jo ybpjbwWab{aby {abyb wns ―|ycinieb onrsb‘ `cy \C? Ycsne nmk _\C> Hnejmnc% Fy-% {ab nyybs{jmg c``jobys% {c ibejbpb {an{ Oriorijm ochhj{{bk {ab oyjhb% {c neecw {abh {c ocmkro{ {ab en{{by‚s wnyynm{ebss nyybs{Yreb >>?% §2 c` {ab >:12 Yrebs cm Oyjhjmne \ycobkryb% ns nhbmkbk% |ycpjkbs {an{  ―N |bnob c``joby cy n |yjpn{b |byscm hnz% wj{acr{ n wnyynm{% nyybs{ n |byscm6 !n* Wabm% jm ajs |ybsbmob% {ab |byscm {c ib nyybs{bk ans ochhj{{bk% js no{rneez ochhj{{jmg% cy js n{{bh|{jmg {c ochhj{ nm c``bmsb4 !i* Wabm nm c``bmsb ans jm `no{ frs{ ibbm ochhj{{bk% nmk ab ans |byscmne dmcwebkgb c` `no{s jmkjon{jmg {an{ {ab |byscm {c ib nyybs{bk ans ochhj{{bk j{4 !o* Wabm {ab |byscm {c ib nyybs{bk js n |yjscmby wac ans bson|bk `ych n |bmne bs{niejsahbm{ cy |enob wabyb ab js sbypjmg `jmne frkghbm{ cy {bh|cynyjez ocm`jmbk wajeb ajs onsb js |bmkjmg% cy ans bson|bk wajeb ibjmg {ynms`byybk `ych cmb ocm`jmbhbm{ {c nmc{aby-‘ Rmkby §2!i*% {wc ocmkj{jcms hrs{ ocmory `cy n wnyynm{ebss nyybs{ {c ib pnejk6 `jys{% {ab c``bmkby ans frs{ ochhj{{bk nm c``bmsb nmk% sbocmk% {ab nyybs{jmg |bnob c``joby cy |yjpn{b |byscm ans |byscmne dmcwebkgb c` `no{s jmkjon{jmg {an{ {ab |byscm {c