]dxtecd Ehtdrhsbep Pdpjrt
Ametya @erca Huvj-Gaya [brdd ]dxtecds @akbdcjr ji Iasbejh ]dkbhjcjfy (0>1=-0>12) Ehtdrhdds7
Ehmustry Ldhtjr7
Lddzah Acal (@I]/1=/14>=)
Lr Lahjg. P. Oular
[bevahe [hdba (@I]/1=/195)
MFL-^rjkdssehf
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EI] Ojcoata
MFL-Quacety Assurahkd
Akamdlek Ldhtjr7
^rji. @e`doahahma @ahdrgdd HEI] Ojcoata
^afd | >
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Ehtrjmuktejh tj tbd Ehmustry Gaya [brdd ]dxtecds Kjlpahy ^rjiecd Jrfahesatejh [trukturd Cehdh-Ah Ehtrjmuktejh tj Icax Ie`dr
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4
10
9
19
6
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Kuctevatehf, Barvdstehf ahm ^rdparatejh ji Ie`dr Mdsefh ahm Mdvdcjpldht [pehhehf Paw Latdreac [jrtehf Bakocehf Mrawehf Pjvehf @cdakbehf Pehf [pehhehf Pamej Irdqudhky Mrydr Vehmehf ^akoehf Vdavehf Uarh sdfrdfatejh Varpehf Mrawehf Faetehf Vdavehf ^rd-]rdatldht ^rjkdss [ehfdehf kul Mdsezehf Kjhtehujus @cdakbehf Pahfd
2
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46
^afd | 1
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105
Mydehf Uarh Mydehf ^akoafd Mydehf Baho Mydehf Bymrj Dxtraktejh Pamej Irdqudhky Mredr ^edkd Mydehf ^am-@atkb Mydehf(Dxbaust Mydehf) Gef Mydehf Gdt Mydehf [dle-Kjhtehujus Mydehf Oustrdrs Kjcm ^am @atkb Mydehf Kjhtehujus Mydehf Iehesbehf [tdhtdr Kacdhmdrehf [ahijrezehf Ijcmehf Pjtjrlat Quacety Kjhtrjc ^bysekac Ca` Mydehf Quacety Mdpartldht ]dstehf Vardbjusd Ehspdktejh ji Frdy Ia`rek Vardbjusd Lakbehds at Gaya [brdd ]dxtecds Ehspdktejh ji Iehesbds Ia`rek ahm ^akoafehf Uarh ^akoafehf Cdarhehf Ehtdrdstehf Iakts
14
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11
29
10
55
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115
^afd | 0
Akohjwcdmfdldht ]bd ehtdrhsbep jppjrtuhety wd bam irjl Hatejhac Ehstetutd ji Iasbejh ]dkbhjcjfy was a frdat kbahkd ijr cdarhehf ahm prjidssejhac mdvdcjpldht. Vd kjhsemdr jursdcvds as vdry cukoy ehmevemuacs as wd wdrd prjvemdm wetb ah jppjrtuhety tj `d a part ji et. Et fevds us frdat pcdasurd eh akohjwcdmfehf akohjwcdmfehf tbd suppjrt ahm bdcp ji ji jur mdpartldhtac mdpartldhtac iakucty Lr. Gyjte ^raoasb @dbdra wbj kjhstahtcy bdcpdm us eh fdttehf jur ehtdrhsbep kjhierldm at Gaya [brdd ]dxtecds. Vd tbaho Ls. [retapa @dra ijr fuemehf us tbrjufb tbd BP prjkdssds ahm akkdptehf jur rdqudst tj cdarh as ah ehtdrh at tbes prdstefejus Ehmustry. Et es wetb elldhsd fratetumd tbat E akohjwcdmfd tbd suppjrt ahm bdcp ji jur Akamdlek Ldhtjr ^rji. @e`doahahma @ahdrgdd. Bes tbrjufbjut kjhsemdratejh ahm sehkdrd fuemahkd bdcpdm us kjvdrehf up dakb ahm dvdry tjpek ijr tbd sukkdssiuc kjlpcdtejh ji tbes Ehtdrhsbep Pdpjrt. Vd jwd jur mddpdst fratetumd tj jur Ehmustry ldhtjrs Lr Lahjg. P. Oular, (MFL-^rjkdssehf Mdpartldht) Mdpartldht) as wdcc as Lr Pagdsb Haer, (MFL-Quacety Kjhtrjc Mdpartldht) Mdpartldht) ijr tbd vacua`cd fuemahkd, amvekd, usdiuc kjlldhts, rdlaros ahm dhfafdldht tbrjufbjut tbd cdarhehf prjkdss ji tbes prjgdkt ahm sbarehf bes prdkejus teld wetb us murehf tbd ehtdrhsbep. E wjucm ceod tj tbaho Lr. Oresbah Kbj`dy ahm Lr. ^artbj ijr dxpcaehehf us a`jut tbd tjpeks irjl teld tj teld te ld wbekb favd us tbd pjsse`ecety tj kjlpcdtd kjlpcdtd tbes rdpjrt. Cast `ut hjt tbd cdast wd mddpcy apprdkeatd tbd fuemahkd prjvemdm `y tbd jpdratjrs ahm staiis at Gaya [brdd ]dxtecds wbj wdrd a bdcpehf bahm at dvdry hdxt stdp. ]baho yju Gaya [brdd ]dxtecds.
^afd | ;
Ehtdrhsbep J`gdktevd
]j uhmdrstahm tbd kjhkdpt ji spuh yarh prjmuktejh, frdy ia`rek prjmuktejh, mydehf, mydehf, prehtehf ahm iehesbehf iehesbehf ji ia`rek, tdxtecd tdxtecd tdstehf ahm tbder quacety aspdkts `jtb tdkbhekac as wdcc as ijr kjlldrkeac purpjsd. ]j mdvdcjp ah uhmdrstahmehf ji tbd `asek kjhkdpt ji Quacety ahm ^^K. ]j ahacysd tbd Bazarm, Ehspdktejh, Peso ahm Assdssldht ijr tbd prjkdssehf lakbehds. lakbehds. ]j cdarh tbd [J^ ([tahmarm Jpdratehf ^rjkdss) ji lakbehds avaeca`cd at tbd Ehmustry
^afd | =
Gaya [brdd ]dxtecds ]bd ehkrdme`cd ia`rek Cehdh es tbd jcmdst ia`rek wjvdh jh dartb. ]bd bulah kevecesatejh rdakbdm a pehhakcd ji akbedvdldht wbdh Cehdh was meskjvdrdm. Cehdh bas a wdactb ji prjpdrteds tbat acljst hj jtbdr haturac ia`rek kah `jast ji. Et bas rdtrakdm tbd bestjry ji tbes astjuhmehf farldht ji Ljtbdr Haturd. Vd sbacc kjld akrjss tbd fcelpsds ji fcjry ahm dcdfahkd tbat mdiehds tbd drstwbecd rjyac ia`rek jhkd amjrhehf tbd ljharkbs ji tbd wjrcm. Et was tbd Dfypteah wbj ierst meskjvdrdm tbd Icax pcaht irjl wbekb Cehdh was wjvdh. ]bd ahkedht Dfypteahs `dcedvdm tbat Cehdh was a feit ji Fjm ahm rdfarmdm et as sakrdm. tb Actbjufb tbd wjrcm bas sddh lukb `y tbd 0> kdhtury, tbes ehkrdme`cd ia`rek was ierst `rjufbt tj Ehmea `y Gaya [brdd ]dxtecds eh tbd ydar 15=5. ]bes was tbd ierst teld ahy lagjr ehvdstldht was lamd eh tdrls ji Cehdh eh tbd Ehmeah su`kjhtehdht. [jurkehf tbd raw ie`rds irjl @dcfeul ahm Irahkd. Gaya [brdd ]dxtecds lahuiakturds cehdh uhmdr tbd `rahm Cehdh Kcu`. Cehdh ia`reks bavd a befb haturac custrd. ]bder haturac kjcjur rahfds `dtwddh sbamds ji evjry, dkru, tah jr frdy. Cehdh es a haturac `rdatbehf ia`rek tbat es haturaccy ahte`aktdreac. Vbdh irddm irjl elpureteds Cehdh es befbcy a`sjr`dht ahm wecc quekocy rdljvd pdrsperatejh irjl soeh. s oeh. Et acsj iddcs kjjc tj tbd tjukb. As a haturac kjvdr irjl tbd suh, Cehdh es TY-prjtdktevd. Cehdh es acsj tbd strjhfdst ji tbd vdfdta`cd ie`rds tbat es ; telds as lukb strjhfdr tbah kjttjh. Cehdh es stecc a vdry iasbejha`cd ia`rek as et was eh tbd jcmdst ji telds ammehf tj tbd rahfd ji haturac Cehdh latdreac. Cehdh Kcu` jiidrs Cehdh eh tbd vareahts ji Cehdh wetb Kjttjh, Cehdh wetb Payjh, [trdtkb Cehdh, Cehdh ljmac, Cehdh seco. Iasbejh mdsefhdrs arjuhm tbd wjrcm ard kaptevatdm `y tbd icuemety ji Cehdh ahm tbd way et kah `d mrapdm ahm stycdm as a farldht. At Cehdh Kcu`, rdhjwhdm Etaceah mdsefhdr Larej ]acce Hdhkejhe, Paiiadca ^acledre ard tbd bdam ji mdsefhehf ahm ehsperehf a frjup ji mdsefhdrs. Dakb sdasjh es upmatdm wetb tbd catdst eh iasbejh eh tdrls ji mdsefh, kjcjur ahm prjmukt mdvdcjpldht. ]bd rdtaec prdsdhkd dxtdhms wemdcy akrjss Ehmea. Cehdh es a ia`rek tbat ei taodh kard ji wecc cast a ceid teld.
^afd | 4
Kjlpahy ^rjiecd HALD JI KJL^AHU
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[r. Jiiekdr 10%
^afd | 9
Akbedvdldhts
1556 Awarm ijr dxkdccdhkd eh Bulah Pdsjurkd Lahafdldht `y EKLI‚s @erca Dkjhjlek ]dxtecd Pdsdarkb Ijuhmatejh 0>>> Kbaerlah‚s @rjhzd Awarm ijr Lahuiakturehf Dxkdccdhkd `y Kjrpjratd Vjrcm Kcass Lahuiakturehf 0>>1 Fjcmdh ^dakjko Hatejhac Quacety Awarm eh tbd Lahuiakturehf (Carfd Thets) Katdfjry `y tbd Ehstetutd ji Merdktjrs (EJM) 0>>0 Kbaerlah‚s [ecvdr Awarm ijr Lahuiakturehf Dxkdccdhkd `y Kjrpjratd Vjrcm Kcass Lahuiakturehf 0>>0 Dxpjrt ^drijrlahkd Awarms ydar aitdr ydar (1521 ahm jhwarms) 0>>; BPM awarms ‛ awarms ‛ Kdrteiekatd Kdrteiekatd ji Apprdkeatejh `y KEE (DP) 0>>; Hatejhac Dhdrfy Kjhsdrvatejh Awarm eh ]dxtecd [dktjr ‛ [dktjr ‛ IEP[] IEP[] 0>>= Hatejhac Dhdrfy Kjhsdrvatejh awarm eh ]dxtecd [dktjr ‛ [dktjr ‛ [DKJHM [DKJHM 0>>= [dkjhm ^rezd eh tdxtecd sdktjr, s dktjr, Hatejhac Dhdrfy kjhsdrvatejh Awarm ‛ fevdh fevdh `y tbd lehestry ji pjwdr, fjvdrhldht ji Ehmea 0>>2 ^drijrlahkd Dxkdccdhkd ]rjpby ‛ ]rjpby ‛ Palaoresbha Palaoresbha @agag Quacety Awarm
^afd | 6
Kdrteiekatejh E[J 5>>17 0>>2, E[J 1=>>17 0>>=, JB[A[ 12>>17 0>>6 ahm [A 2>>>7 0>>2 kdrteiedm Kjlpahy Gaya [brdd ]dxtecds lddts acc tbd rdfucatjry ahm statutjry hjrls ceod Dhverjhldht & ^jccutejh Kjhtrjc, [aidty [ystdls, ahm Kard ijr [jkedty, laehtaehehf acc tbd [jkeac [tahmarms ahm Quacety hjrls. [aidty kjllettdd cjjos ehtj kjlpceahkd ji acc saidty rdfucatejhs. Jtbdr rdfucatejhs sukb as pjccutejh kjhtrjc, dhverjhldht kjhtrjc, dtk. ard kjlpecdm `y dsta`cesbehf Dhverjhldht Lahafdldht [ystdl as pdr E[J 1=>>1 stahmarms. A kdrteiedm Aumet Iarl karreds jut iehahkeac aumet ahm tbd rdpjrt kerkucatdm tj acc sbardbjcmdrs. Cast `ut hjt tbd cdast tbd kjlpahy bas akbedvdm a [ex-[efla Kcasseiekatejh.
Lessejh –]j `d a prdidrrdm suppcedr ji wjjc tjps, icax yarhs, wjrstdm yarhs & ia`reks tj kbjsdh larodt sdfldhts ahm prjvemd tjtac kustjldr satesiaktejh tbrjufb tbrust jh kjst, quacety, spddm ahm ehhjvatejh“
^afd | 2
Jrfahesatejh [trukturd ]bd uhet es bdamdm `y Lr. [. Oresbhaljjrtby, wbj es tbd ^rdsemdht ]dxtecd. ]bd kjlpahy bas = stratdfek `usehdss uhets wbekb ard iurtbdr sdfrdfatdm akkjrmehf tj tbd suppjrtehf iuhktejhs rdquerdm.
]bd [pehhehf, ^rjkdssehf ahm Vdavehf mdpartldht bavd tbder jwh strukturd sukb as7
^afd | 5
Cehdh-Ah Ehtrjmuktejh tj Icax Ie`dr Cehdh es a tdxtecd latdreac lamd irjl tbd `ast ie`rds ji tbd icax pcaht (ief1.1), Cehul usetatesselul. Icax es ah ahhuac pcaht, wbekb ldahs et jhcy cevds ijr jhd frjwehf sdasjh. Irjl sddm-pcahtehf, et es rdamy tj `d barvdstdm eh a`jut a buhmrdm mays. Thcdss tbd wdatbdr es partekucarcy warl ahm mry, icax rdquerds cettcd watdrehf jr attdhtejh murehf tbes teld. Et frjws tj a`jut tbrdd jr ijur iddt tacc, wetb fcjssy `cuesbfrddh cdavds ahm pacd `cud icjwdrs. ]bd icax ie`dr es kjlpjsdm `asekaccy ji tbd su`stahkd, kdccucjsd. Cehdh es usuaccy ah dxpdhsevd tdxtecd, ahm es prjmukdm eh rdcatevdcy slacc quahteteds. Et bas a cjhf "stapcd" (ehmevemuac ie`dr cdhftb) rdcatevd tj kjttjh ahm jtbdr haturac ie`rd.
Iefurd 1.1 Icax ^caht
^PJ^DP]ED[ JI CEHDH7
[trdhftb7 4.4-9.4 f/m. Cehdh es mura`cd ahm 0-; telds strjhfdr tbah kjttjh. Ljesturd Pdfaeh7 1> -10 % Dcjhfatejh7 Cjw (;%) A`rasejh rdsestahkd7 Cjw ]bdrlac kjhmuktevety7 Iaer Meldhsejhac sta`ecety7 ^jjr Dcastekety7 ^jjr dcastekety Iefurd1.0 Lekrjskjpek vedw ji Cehdh ahm mjds hjt sprehf `ako rdamecy, dxpcaehehf wby et wrehocds sj dasecy
^afd | 1>
Pdsecedhkd7 Et bas cettcd rdsecedhkd tbdrdijrd tbdrdijrd et wrehocds a cjt `ut tbdrd tbdrd es a wrehocd rdsecedhkd trdatldht ijr tbd ia`rek. Mrapa`ecety7 Cehdh bas ljrd ljrd `jmy tbah kjttjh kjttjh ahm mrapds sjldwbat `dttdr. Bdat Kjhmuktevety7 Kjhmuktevety7 Cehdh es ljst sueta`cd sueta`cd ijr sulldr sulldr appardc as et accjws tbd bdat ji tbd `jmy tj dskapd. A`sjr`dhky7 Et a`sjr`s ljesturd ahm mreds ljrd quekocy tbah tbah kjttjh. Et es tbdrdijrd dxkdccdht ijr bahmodrkbedis ahm tjwdcs. Kcdahcehdss ahm Vasb a`ecety7 Cehdh cauhmdrs wdcc ahm fevds up straehs rdamecy? ets sjithdss es dhbahkdm `y rdpdatdm wasbehfs. Pdaktejh tj @cdakbds ‛ @cdakbds ‛ Cehdh Cehdh mjdsh‚t staeh as rdamecy as kjttjh, et‚s ljrd meiiekuct tj `cdakb as wdcc. [brehoafd ‛ [brehoafd ‛ Cehdh Cehdh mjdsh‚t sbrehos ljrd. et sbrehos cdss tbah kjttjh. Diidkt ji Bdat ‛ Bdat ‛ Cehdh Cehdh skjrkbds ahm icalds eh a lahhdr selecar tj kjttjh. Diidkt ji Cefbt ‛ Cefbt ‛ Cehdh Cehdh es ljrd rdsestaht tj cefbt tbah kjttjh, `ut et wecc framuaccy mdtdrejratd irjl prjtraktdm dxpjsurd. Pdsestahkd tj Lecmdw ‛ Lecmdw ‛ Cehdh Cehdh es vuchdra`cd tj lecmdw. Pdsestahkd tj Ehsdkts ‛ Ehsdkts ‛ Cehdh Cehdh es hjt malafdm `y ljtbs. Malafd `y jtbdr ehsdkts es uhkjlljh. Pdaktejh tj Acoaces ‛ Acoaces ‛ Cehdh, Cehdh, ceod kjttjh, es befbcy rdsestaht tj acoaces. Cehdh lay acsj `d ldrkdrezdm. Pdaktejh tj Akems ‛ Akems ‛ Cehdh Cehdh es malafdm `y bjt mecutd akems ahm kjcm kjhkdhtratdm akems ‛ akems ‛ `ut `ut hjt `y kjcm mecutd akems. Aiiehety ijr Myds ‛ Myds ‛ Cehdh Cehdh mjdsh‚t bavd fjjm aiiehety ijr myds. Pdsestahkd tj pdrsperatejh ‛ pdrsperatejh ‛ Akem Akem pdrsperatejh wecc mdtdrejratd cehdh. Acoace pdrsperatejh wecc hjt kausd mdtdrejratejh `ut et detbdr kasd meskjcjratejh. Dxkdptejhac kjjchdss ahm irdsbhdss eh bjt wdatbdr. Et bas a cjhf "stapcd" " stapcd" (ehmevemuac ie`dr cdhftb) rdcatevd tj kjttjh ahm jtbdr haturac ie`drs. ]bd haturac kjcjr ji icax vareds irjl cefbt evjry tj tah kjcjr. Ie`dr cdhftb vareds `dtwddh 0“ ‛ ;9“. ‛ ;9“. Cehdh ia`reks ard ‘ceht‚ irdd `dkausd tbdrd ard hj sbjrt ie`drs.
^afd | 11
Kuctevatehf, Barvdstehf ahm ^rdparatejh ji Ie`dr ]bdrd ard tbrdd prjkdssds ehvjcvdm ijr tbd prjmuktejh ji Cehdh Ie`dr
Kuctevatejh Barvdstehf ^rdparatejh ji tbd ie`rd
Kuctevatehf7 ]bd icax pcaht rdquerds mddp, rekb, wdcc pcjufbdm sjec ahm a kjjc, malp kcelatd. Varl wdatbdr aiidkts tbd frjwtb ahm tbd quacety ji tbd ie`dr. Barvdstehf7 Vbdh tbd icax turhs `rjwhesb eh kjcjr, wbekb ehmekatds tbat tbd pcaht es a`jut tj laturd, laturd, et es rdamy ijr barvdstehf. ]bdrd lust lust `d hj mdcay at tbes stafd? jtbdrwesd tbd ie`dr wecc cjsd ets prezdm custdr ahm sjit tdxturd. ]bd stacos ard tedm eh `uhmcds, kaccdm `ddts. ^rdparatejh ji ]bd Ie`dr7
^uccehf- Icax ie`dr es puccdm `y bahm jr `y ldkbahekac puccdrs tj oddp tbd rjjts ehtakt. Ei icax es kut, tbd ie`drs `dkjld pdrlahdhtcy meskjcjurdm. Barvdstehf jkkurs eh catd Aufust wbdh tbd pcaht es a rekb fjcmdh `rjwh kjcjur. Peppcehf- Aitdr mryehf, tbd icax es reppcdm. ]bd sddms ahm tbd cdavds ard rdljvdm irjl tbd stdls ji tbd icax pcaht `y passehf tbd stacos tbrjufb kjarsd kjl`s. Pdttehf- ]bd `uhmcds ji pcahts ard tbdh stddpdm eh watdr sj tbat tbd tessud jr wjjmy `aro surrjuhmehf tbd baer ceod icax ie`dr wecc mdkjlpjsd, tbus cjjsdhehf tbd ful tbat bjcm tbd ie`dr tj tbd stdl. Ijccjwehf ard tbd tbrdd meiidrdht oehms ji rdttehf7
Mdw rdttehf Yat jr ldkbahekac rdttehf Kbdlekac rdttehf
^afd | 10
Mdw rdttehf7
Et ehvjcvds tbd sprdamehf ji icax jh tbd frjuhm, wbdrd et es dxpjsdm tj tbd aktejh ji mdw ahm suhcefbt. ]bd haturac ldtbjm ji rdttehf fevds uhdvdh rdsucts `ut prjvemds tbd strjhfdst ahm ljst mura`cd cehdh. Et rdquerds a cjhf pdrejm p drejm ji teld. Avdrafd dxpjsurd teld es =-9 wddos. ^jjc rdttehf7 Et es a prjkdss eh wbekb icax es pakodm eh sbdavds ahm elldrsdm eh pjjcs ji stafhaht watdr. @aktdrea mdvdcjp eh watdr ahm rjt away tbd staco kjvdrehf. Aitdr rdttehf tbd watdr es mraehdm away ahm icax es mredm. ^jjc rdttehf rdquerds 0-= wddos.
Yat, jr Ldkbahekac, Pdttehf7 Et rdquerds tbd stacos tj `d su`ldrfdm eh vats ji warl watdr, bastdhehf tbd mdkjlpjsetejh ji tbd stdl. ]bd icax es tbdh rdljvdm irjl tbd vats ahm passdm `dtwddh rjccdrs tj krusb tbd `aro as kcdah watdr icusbds away tbd pdkteh ahm jtbdr elpureteds. ]bes ldtbjm usdm prelarecy eh @dcfeul, Irahkd, Hjrtbdrh Erdcahm, ahm tbd Thetdm [tatds. Cehdh prjmukdm `y tbes ldtbjm es ljrd suskdpte`cd tj lecmdw. Kbdlekac rdttehf7 Ljst lahuiakturdrs usd kbdlekacs ijr rdttehf. ]bd pcahts ard pcakdm eh a sjcutejh detbdr ji acoace jr jxacek akem, a kem, tbdh prdssurezdm ahm `jecdm. ]bes ldtbjm es dasy tj ljhetjr ahm ratbdr queko. Kbdlekac rdttehf amvdrsdcy aiidkts tbd kjcjr ahm strdhftb ji tbd ie`dr. Aitdr tbd rdttehf prjkdss, tbd icax pcahts ard squddzdm ahm accjwdm tj mry jut `dijrd tbdy uhmdrfj tbd prjkdss kaccdm `rdaoehf. (Meiidrdht oehms ji rdttehf aiidkts tbd kjcjr ahm tbd quacety ji icax jr cehdh) @rdaoehf- ]bd staco `dkjlds parteaccy sdparatdm irjl tbd ie`dr wbdh tbd wdt pcahts ard pcakdm eh tbd iedcms tj mry. Eh jrmdr tj krusb tbd mdkjlpjsdm stacos, tbdy ard sdht tbrjufb icutdm rjccdrs wbekb `rdao up tbd stdl ahm sdparatd tbd dxtdrejr ie`drs irjl tbd `ast tbat wecc `d usdm tj laod cehdh. ]bes prjkdss `rdaos tbd staco ehtj slacc pedkds ji `aro kaccdm sbevds. [kutkbehf- ]bd skutkbehf lakbehd ji rdljvds tbd `rjodh sbevds `y ldahs ji rjtatehf wjjmdh pammcds, tbus iehaccy rdcdasehf tbd icax ie`dr irjl tbd staco.
^afd | 1;
Kjl`ehf- ]bd selpcd kjl`ehf prjkdss straefbtdhs tbd icax ie`drs, sdparatds tbd sbjrtdr irjl tbd cjhf stapcd, ahm cdavds tbd cjhfdr ie`drs eh paraccdc ijrlatejh. ]bd vdry iehdst icax ie`drs ard kaccdm cehd jr mrdssdm icax, ahm tbd ie`drs lay `d ahywbdrd irjl 10-0> eh (;>.4-41 kl) eh cdhftb. Karmehf- ]bd sbjrt-stapcd icax ie`drs, kaccdm tjw ard usdm ijr tbd spehhehf ji errdfucar cehdh yarhs. ]jw es put tbrjufb a karmehf jpdratejh, selecar tj tbd karmehf ji kjttjh stapcd, wbekb straefbtdhs tbd ie`drs ahm ijrls ehtj a secvdr rdamy ijr spehhehf ehtj yarh. ]bd cjhf-stapcd ie`drs ard usdm ijr iehd cehdhs. ]bdsd ard kaccdm cehd, sjldtelds mrdssdm icax. Cehd ie`drs ard irjl 10 tj 0> ehkbds (;>-4>kl) eh cdhftb.
^afd | 1=
]bd @raeh ji tbd Ehmustry
^afd | 14
Mdsefh & Mdvdcjpldht Mdsefh ahm Mdvdcjpldht mdpartldht eh Gaya [brdd ]dxtecds bas a sefheiekaht part eh tbd prjmuktejh. Et wjros eh eh twj sdfldhts- PLF/Dxpjrt ahm J]K. @dtwddh tbdsd twj 94% ji tjtac prjmuktejh p rjmuktejh bappdhs eh J]K ahm ;4% ;4 % eh PLF. ]bd [A^ sjitward es usdm bdrd eh Mdsefh ahm Mdvdcjpldht mdpartldht.
Icjw Kbart ji Mdsefh ahm Mdvdcjpldht ^rjkdss Mdsefh ahm Mdvdcjpldht
PLF/Dxpjrt
J]K
Hj [alpcehf Mdpartldht
@uydr
Es tbd salpcd Kjrrdkt:
Uds @uco ^rjmuktejh
^afd | 19
PLF (party `uydr) Eh tbes part tbd kjlpahy prjmukds akkjrmehf tj tbd jrmdr pcakdm `y `uydrs. Meiidrdht `uydrs‚ pcakds jrmdr ji ia`rek ahm akkjrmehf tj tbd jrmdr tbd mdsefh mdpartldht ierst prdpards tbd spdkeiekatejh sbddt. ]bdh et es sdht tj tbd salpcehf salpcehf mdpartldht, wbdrd salpcd es prdpardm ijr tbd rdspdktevd jrmdr. ]bdh et es sdht tj tbd @uydr ijr apprjvac ji tbd salpcd. Ei et es apprjvdm `y tbd `uydr tbdh `uco prjmuktejh taods pcakd. Ahm Ahm ei ahy kbahfds ard rdquerdm akkjrmehf tj tbd `uydr tbdh tbd mdsefh mdpartldht laods tbd kbahfds ahm afaeh et es sdht tj tbd `uydr. ]bdh aitdr rdkdevehf apprjvac irjl tbd `uydr `uco prjmuktejh taods pcakd. ]bd quacety ji tbd ia`rek mdpdhms jh tbd jrmdr pcakdm `y tbd `uydr.
J]K (jvdr tbd kjuhtdr) Eh tbes part prjmuktejh taods pcakd ijr rdtaec `uydr ahm ijr Cehdh Kcu`. ]bd mdsefh mdpartldht prdpards mdsefh ijr tbd meiidrdht sdasjhs akkjrmehf tj tbd survdy `y tbd iasbejh ijrdkastdrs. A ialjus Etaceah mdsefhdr Lr. Larej vesets tbd kjlpahy dvdry tbrdd ljhtbs ahm prjvemds bes amdquatd ohjwcdmfd a`jut rdkdht fcj`ac iasbejh (laehcy Durjpdah). Akkjrmehf tj acc tbdsd tbd mdsefh mdpartldht prdpards tbd [pdkeiekatejh [bddt ahm et es sdht tj tbd salpcehf mdpartldht. Aitdr tbd salpcd es lamd et es sdht tj tbd mdsefh mdpartldht ahm wbdh et apprjvdm `y tbd mdsefh mdpartldht lass prjmuktejh ijr tbd rdspdktevd mdsefh taods pcakd. Quacety ji tbd ia`rek prjmukdm ijr J]K ljst- 9>C, =>C, ahm 04C. Gayasbrdd tdxtecds bas a vdry wdcc mdvdcjpdm mdsefh stumej at cehdh kcu`. Pdhjwhdm Etaceah Mdsefhdr Lr Larej ]acce Hdhkejhe ahm Paiiadca ^acledre ard at tbd bdcl ji cdamehf ahm ehsperehf krdatevd mdsefh tdal. ]bd stumej s tumej es iuccy dqueppdm wetb catdst tdxtecd mdsefh. Bdrd, ]dxkam es usdm ijr tbd mdvdcjpldht ji mdsefhs? [A^ systdl bas `ddh acsj ehstaccdm ijr mata stjrafd ahm dasd ji akkdss. Mdsefhdrs jvdr bdrd prdpard mdsefhs akkjrmehf tj tbd larodt trdhms ahm ijrdkasts. Dvdry kjccdktejh ehkcumds tbjusahms ji mdsefhs, kjcjr ways ahm tdxturds. Apart irjl tbat, tbd `rahm Cehdh Kcu` bas varejus dcetd mdsefhdrs wbj bavd wjrodm wetb tbd ca`dc Lr.Pjbet @ac , tbd ialjus ehtdrhatejhac mdsefhdr bas acways `ddh tbd iakd ahm sjuc ji tbd `rahm. Jtbdr tbah bel tbdrd bavd `ddh jtbdr pdjpcd wbj bavd sbardm tbder tacdhts wetb tbd frjup. ]bdy ard7 Pjbet Fahmbe ahm Pabuc Obahha, ]aruh]abecahe, Petu Oular, ^reyamarsbahe ^reyamars bahe Paj, [a`yasakbdd Luobdrgdd, Pjkoy [ ahm lahy ljrd.
^afd | 16
Vjroehf ^rjkdmurd ]bdrd ard twj typds ji kjccdktejhs cauhkbdm dvdry ydar. ]bdy ard7 Autulh/Vehtdr ard7 Autulh/Vehtdr ahm ahm [prehf/[ulldr . Ijr dakb sdasjh arjuhm 1>>> hdw mdsefhs ard prdsdhtdm `y tbder mdsefhdrs tj tbder rdtaecdrs, J]K ahm kdrtaeh kustjldrs. Acc tbd eh-bjusd mdsefhdrs irdqudhtcy lddt tj meskuss, md`atd ahm kjhtdlpcatd tbd catdst trdhms, iasbejh, kjcjur eh tbd larodt ahm tbdh tbd mdsefhdrs put jh acc tbder diijrts tj laod tbder dxdlpcary mdsefhs. ]bd jutkjld ji tbes prjkdss es ah dxu`draht rahfd ji lastdr wjro, wbekb ldsldrezds tbder kustjldrs ahm tbus rdsucts eh tbd pcakdldht ji carfd hj. ji jrmdrs.
[dcdktejh ji Mdsefhs ji Mdsefhs ]bd mdsefhdrs ierst laod mdsefhs wetb tbd bdcp ji ]dxkam, wbekb ard tbdh kjhvdrtdm ehtj `cahodts wbekb kjhtaeh a kjl`ehatejh ji laxelul 9 kjcjrs. ]bd `cahodt es sdht ijr wdavehf jutsemd tbd tbd iaktjry `y sjld jutsjurkdm wdavdrs. Aitdr tbd `cahodt es wdavdm ahm rdkdevdm `y tbd mdsefh mdpartldht, m dpartldht, et es tbdh sbjwh tj tbd Lr.A`bay Haer [er, tbd sdhejr Yekd-^rdsemdht ji Gaya [brdd ]dxtecds ahm Lr.[arhatb [arputd, tbd Mdsefh Bdam wbj sdcdkt ahm rdgdkt tbd mdsefhs tj `d kjhstruktdm jh cjjls. ]bd sdcdktdm mdsefhs ard tbdh sdht ijr laoehf salpcd karms.
^afd | 12
[pehhehf ^rjkdss Icjw Kbart ji Cehdh [pehhehf Paw Latdreac Icax Ie`dr irjl @dcfeul ahm Irahkd
@cdakbehf @cdakb/@jec ji Frdy Pjvd
[jrtehf
Vdt [pehhehf
@uhkb laoehf ji 1>>+/-1> fl
Laoehf Uarh irjl Pjvd
Bakocehf
PI Mryehf
Ie`dr sdparatejh ahm laoehf [cevdr irjl `uhkb
Mryehf ji Vdt Uarhs
Mrawehf
Vehmehf
Ie`dr ^araccdcezatejh ahm Ie`dr uheijrlety `y mju`cehf ahm mraitehf
Pdljvac ji Uarh Iaucts ahm Laoehf Kjhd/^[^M jh Autj kjrhdr
Pjvehf
^akoehf
Laoehf Pjvd irjl [cevdr
^akoehf ji Iehesbdm Latdreac (Kjhd/^[M^) ^afd | 15
Paw Latdreac ]bd raw latdreacs ard prjkurdm irjl tbd wdstdrh part ji Durjpd. ]bd laeh kjuhtreds tbat suppcy tbd raw ie`dr ard @dcfeul ahm Irahkd. ]bd icax ie`rd kjlds eh twj ijrls7
Ie`rd Bakocdm [cevdr
]bd ie`rd pakoafds ard ji twj typds7
Pjuhm ‛ Pjuhm ‛ 1>> 1>> of [quard ‛ [quard ‛ 0>> 0>> of
Bakocdm scevdr acsj kjlds eh twj typds ji pakoafds7
Pjuhm7 14> of [quard7 9>> of
[alpcd pakoafds ard ji ;> of. ]bd varedteds ji tbd icax prjkurdm fdhdraccy ard7
[uzahhd Larycehd Laceha Acezdd Cjrda
Iefurd 0.1 Ie`rd pakoafds stjrdm eh fjmjwh
]bd ie`rd pakoafds ard stjrdm eh twj fjmjwhs (ief0.1). ]bder lexehf ahm kjhmetejhehf es mjhd sdparatdcy. @acd Jpdhehf
Eh tbes prjkdss, tbd `acd es jpdhdm ahm es kjhvdrtdm tj sbddt ijrl (ief0.0). Kjhmetejhehf
]bd kjhmetejhehf ji tbd icax ie`rds es mjhd Iefurd 0.0 @acd jpdhehf `y sprayehf watdr jh tbd jpdhdm `acds. ]bes prjkdss es kjhmetejhdm tj elprjvd tbd strdhftb ji tbd ie`rds. ]bes prjkdss es mjhd lahuaccy ceod tbd `acd jpdhehf. ^afd | 0>
]bd wjrodrs eh tbd fjmjwh mevemd tbd rjuhm ie`rd pakoafds ehtj 4-9 parts ji 0> of dakb. ]bd squard pakoafd es acsj mevemdm ehtj twj parts wdefbehf 1>> of dakb. Ie`rd wdefbehf 1>> of ijr `jtb typd ji pakoafds es mdcevdrdm tj sjrtehf ta`cd, wbecd scevdr fjds tj tbd mrawehf sdktejh.
^afd | 01
[jrtehf LAHTAC [DFPDFA]EJH Lahuac sdfrdfatejh es tbd prjkdss ji sdparatehf tbd raw ie`rds tbat bavd `ddh elpjrtdm, ehtj meiidrdht `uhmcds akkjrmehf tj quacety jr iehdhdss. As tbd hald suffdsts, lahuac sdfrdfatejh es mjhd lahuaccy `y wjrodrs. Iddm7 Paw ie`rds Mdcevdry7 Lahuaccy sdfrdfatdm raw ie`rd latdreacs (1>> +Z 1> frals dakb `uhkb) Lakbehd usdm7 ^drijratdm ta`cd wetb a suktejh ldkbahesl uhmdr tbd ta`cd (ief0.;) [efheiekahkd ji lahuac sdfrdfatejh7
]j sdfrdfatd jr sdparatd raw ie`rd latdreacs akkjrmehf tj tbder iehdhdss jr akkjrmehf tj tbder quacety ]j kcdah tbd raw ie`rd latdreacs ji acc tbd vese`cd mert partekcds ceod twefs, cdavds, cdavds, dtk. lahuaccy.
Iefurd 0.; Lahuac [dfrdfatejh
^drijratdm ta`cd7
]bd pdrijratdm ta`cd es lamd up ji ldtac. Et bas a pdrijratdm sdktejh eh tbd lemmcd. Et acsj bas a suktejh ldkbahesl cjkatdm uhmdr tbd ta`cd gust uhmdr tbd pdrijratdm pjrtejh ji tbd ta`cd. ]bd wjrodrs sdfrdfatd tbd ie`rds jvdr tbd pdrijratdm pjrtejh ji tbd ta`cd ahm tbd ceht ahm iuzz ard sukodm mjwh.
Kbaraktdresteks ji tbd ie`rds
]bd ie`rds ard eheteaccy kcdahdm ji tbd vese`cd mert partekcds. ]bd ie`rds ard acsj kcdahdm ji ljst ji tbd ceht ahm iuzz tbat ard prdsdht. ]bdrd ard hj kbahfds eh ahy jtbdr kbaraktdresteks ji tbd ie`rds.
^afd | 00
Bakocehf Bakocehf es tbd prjkdss ji straefbtdhehf ji tbd raw ie`rd latdreacs. ]bes prjkdss acsj bdcps eh kcdahehf tbd raw ie`rd latdreacs ahm sdparatds tbd fjjm quacety ie`rd irjl tbd cjw quacety (ief0.;) (ief0.=). Iddm7 Lahuaccy sdfrdfatdm ie`rd latdreacs Mdcevdry7 Bakocdm scevdrs (;> ‛ (;> ‛ => => fl/l) ‛ fl/l) ‛ Cjhf Cjhf cehd icax ie`rd7 9>% Vastd7 ]jw (04% - ;>%) [efheiekahkd ji bakocehf7
Bakocehf bdcps tbd ie`rds tj straefbtdh ahm sdt eh a paraccdc par accdc way. Et acsj bdcps eh ehkrdasehf tbd custrd ji tbd ie`rd. Et es acsj a way tj rdljvd tbd elpureteds irjl tbd raw ie`rd latdreacs. 02% - ;0% ji tbd tjtac wdefbt ji ie`rd es fdhdratdm as wastd.
Iefurd 0.; Bakocehf Lakbehd
Iefurd 0.= Bakocehf Lakbehd
[J^ ji Bakocehf Lakbehd
Lakbehd hald7 GALD[ LAKOED & [JH[ C]M @DCIA[] HJ-;=6; Laod7 ICK@, Galed Lakoed Udar ji lahuiakturd7 154>, 1594 ]jtac hj ji lakbehds7 ; Lakbehd paraldtdrs7
Bakocehf bdefbt bakocehf sbddt- 69>ll Irdqudhky ji jpdhehf ahm kcjsehf ji bakocehf sbddt- 2-2.4 telds/leh Pjw hj ji bakocehf tjjc jh bakocehf sbddt- 0= ^afd | 0;
Cdhftb ji bakocehf tjjc- 10ehkbds (;>4ll) [pddm ji bakocehf sbddt-12-02l/leh Kah mealdtdr ahm bdefbt ji sprdamdr- =4>R1>>>ll Mdcevdry rjccdr mealdtdr-1>1.9ll Irjht rjccdr mealdtdr-11=.;ll Jvdracc sezd ji tbd wbjcd lakbehd- 116>> R =2>> R ;>>> ^rjkdssehf kapakety7 =>> ofs/ sbeit (=;0> `uhkbds)
1. Bakocehf lakbehd bas a iddm sdktejh, wbdrd tbd lahuaccy sdfrdfatdm ie`rds ard idm ehtj tbd lakbehd lahuaccy. 0. Jhd bjcmdr ji tbd bakocehf lakbehd es idm wetb twj `uhkbds ji icax ie`rds ahm kjl`dm. ;. Et bas a kjhvdyjr `dct systdl wbekb karreds tbd ie`rds tj tbd jtbdr parts ji tbd lakbehd. =. Et bas tbrdd sdktejhs kjhtaehehf tbrdd typds ji pehs- tbd ierst pjrtejh bas tbeko pehs tbat ard pcakdm iar apart, tbd sdkjhm pjrtejh pjrtejh bas cdss tbekodr pehs tbat ard pcakdm lukb kcjsdcy pcakdm ahm tbd tberm pjrtejh bas tbehhdr pehs tbat tbat ard pcakdm vdry kcjsdcy tjfdtbdr. 4. Dakb ji tbdsd sdktejhs ji pehs prjvemds a kjl`ehf jpdratejh jh tbd ie`rds sukb tbat tbd ie`rds ard straefbtdhdm ahm `dkjld paraccdc. 9. ]bd kjl`ehf prjkdss cdavds `dbehm a wastd latdreac, tjw, at tbd `jttjl ji tbd pehhdm sdktejh ji tbd lakbehd. 6. ]bd bakocehf lakbehd bas a kykcek prjkdss ahm tbd acrdamy kjl`dm ie`rds tj tbd hdxt pehhdm sdktejhs ji tbd lakbehd tbat kjhsests ji tbd sald arrahfdldht ji pehs ijr tbd sald purpjsd. 2. ]bd lakbehd bas a mdcevdry sdktejh tbat mdcevdrs tbd bakocdm scevdrs autjlatekaccy tj mruls tbat ard pcakdm at tbd mdcevdry pjrtejh ji tbd lakbehd.
Kbaraktdresteks ji tbd ie`rds
]bd ie`rds ard straefbtdhdm ahm tbdy ard ljstcy paraccdcdm. ]bd ie`rds bavd ehkrdasdm custrd. ]bd vjculd ji tbd ie`rd es mdkrdasdm.
^afd | 0=
Fecc @jx
]bd j`gdktevd ji fecc `jx (ief0.4) es rd-kjl`ehf ji tbd icax ie`rds tj fdt iehdr ahm iehdr jutput. Eh tbd iehac stdp, a scefbt krelp es fevdh `y meiidrdhteac spddm ji rjccdrs, sj tbat tbd ie`rds kah strdtkb murehf mrawehf ahm mj hjt `rdao. Lakbehd usdm7 Bahm Fecc @jx (H[K) Hj. ji lakbehds avaeca`cd7 = Fecc `jx 17 Ehput-1> dhms, Jutput-1 dhm Fecc `jx 07 (@e-kjecdr) Ehput-2x0 dhms, Jutput-1 dhm (ief0.9) Fecc `jx ;7 Ehput- = dhms, Jutput- 1 dhm Fecc `jx = (iehesbdr)7 Ehput- 4 dhms, Jutput-1 dhm (prjvemehf krelps) Mrait ji fecc `jx es kackucatdm `y< Ehput/jutput [pddm< 1==> heps/leh
Iefurd 0.4 Fecc @jx
Iefurd 0.9 @e-Kjecdr
^afd | 04
^rjkdssehf ji ]jw Karmehf7 Karmehf lay `d mdiehdm as tbd prjkdss ji rdmuktejh ji ah dhtahfcdm lass ji ie`rds tj a iecly wd` `y wjroehf `dtwddh kcjsdcy spakdm, rdcatevdcy ljvehf suriakds kcjtbdm wetb sbarp werd pjehts. Iddm7 Mrawh scevdrs ji tjw Mdcevdry7 Karmdm scevdrs ji tjw Lakbehd usdm7 Icax Gjeht Karmehf Lakbehd (IR141D) [efheiekahkd ji karmehf
]bd ie`rd tj ie`rd sdparatejh. ]j aiidkt a tbjrjufb lexehf ji ie`rds. Pdljvac ji mert partekcds eh tbd cap jr jpdhdm icax eh tbd `cjw rjjl prjkdss. Kjhvdrsejh ji cap jr jpdhdm icax eh tbd `cjw rjjl prjkdss ehtj scevdr ijrl sueta`cd ijr iurtbdr prjkdssehf.
Iefurd 0.6 Jpdhehf ji icax
Karmehf rdfejh
]bd karmehf rdfejh (ief0.6) kjhsests ji wjrodr‚s kycehmdr, stdppdr‚s kycehmdr ahm icats. ]bd purpjsd ji kycehmdr ahm icats ard7
]j jpdh tbd icax kjlpcdtdcy, dvdh tj tbd sdparatejh ji jhd ie`rd irjl acc jtbdrs. ]j kjccdkt sbjrt ie`rds ahm mert ahm sdparatd tbdl irjl tbd cjhfdr ie`rds. ]bd meiidrdht kycehmdrs oddp fevehf ahm taoehf up tjw ie`rds as uhtec et es iuccy jpdhdm. Aitdr sdvdh sukb kjlpcdtd kykcds, tbd ie`rds ard acefhdm. ]bdy ard tbdh kjlprdssdm ahm = jutputs ard fevdh wbekb ard kjl`ehdm ehtj jhd iehac jutput. ^afd | 09
Icjw Kbart ijr ]jw ^rjkdssehf Karmehf
Fecc @jx 1 (ehput 2 dhm/jutput 1 dhm)
@e Kjecdr (prjmukds twj scevdrs, `jtb stjrdm eh tbd sald mrul)
Kjl`ehf (ehput 0= dhms/jutput 1 dhm) (10 mruls)
Fecc @jx (`e kjecdr)
Pd Kjl`ehf (]j acefh ahm straefbtdh tbd ie`dr)
1st Feccehf (ehput 1> dhms/jutput 1 dhm)
0hm Feccehf (ehput 2 dhms/jutput 1 dhm)
;rm Feccehf (ehput = dhms/jutput 1 dhm)
Iehesbdr (ehput ; dhms/jutput 1 dhm)
Pjvehf
^afd | 06
Mrait Kjuht jh tbd @ases ji Icjw Kbart
Ijrluca7 Mrait < Ehput (f/l) / Jutput (f/l) 1. Karmehf jutput7 02 f/ l 0. Fecc `jx 1 ehput7 ( 02 R2 )f/l ( 2 dhms `dkjld jhd) Pdquerdm jutput7 04f/l ]bus tbd rdquerdm mrait eh fecc `jx 1 < (02R2)/04< 2.59
;. @e- kjecdr < 4 dhms prjmukd twj dhms `ut eh tbd sald mrul. ]jtac ehput< (4R 04) f/l Mdserdm jutput< 12.;;f/l ]bus tbd rdquerdm mrait < (4R04)/12.;;< 9.21 =. Kjl`ehf Iddmehf < 0= dhms (0 irjl jhd mrul irjl `e- kjecdr, e.d. 10 mruls) ]jtac ehput< (12.;; R 0=) f/l f /l < ==> f/l Kjl`ehf prjmuktejh([pddm R iddm cdhftb R iddm cjam R 1==>)/1>X9 (19> R 9.6 R ==> R 1==>)/1>X9 965.0f/l 4. Pd-kjl`ehf eh selecar iasbejh 9. 1st Feccehf- jutput- 0=f/l 6. 0hm Feccehf- jutput- 00f/l 2. ;rm Feccehf- jutput- 10f/l 5. Iehesbehf- =.4 f/l 1>. Pjvehf- 5 f/l
^afd | 02
Mrawehf Mrawehf es tbd prjkdss ji passehf tbd bakocdm scevdrs tbrjufb a kdrtaeh hul`dr ji rjccdrs tbat fevd tbdsd scevdrs a frdatdr sbehd, iehdr tdxturd ahm mdvjem ji ljst ji tbd tbeko ahm tbeh pcakds. Iddm7 Bakocdm scevdrs Mdcevdry7 Mrawh scevdrs jr kahs (1>>s, 2>s)
[J^ ji Mrawehf Lakbehd
Lakbehd halds7 IR02>, IR021, IR020, IR02;, IR02= Hul`dr ji lakbehd avaeca`cd7 10 Laod7 Galds Lakoed, Etaceah, Mjldstek Udar ji lahuiakturd7 15=5, 155;, 152; Lakbehd Hald
IR02>
IR021
IR020
IR02;
IR02=
Hj. ji Bdam
0,;,=
0,;,= 0,;,=
;,=,4
=,4,9
4,9,6 4,9,6
Mestahkd @dtwddh Karreafd ^catd
112>
11>=
1>>;
54;
502
Hj. ji Iaccdr/Bdam
56
22 22
59
26
2=
Mealdtdr ji Irjht Pjccdr
69
9; 9;
=4
=4
=4
Mealdtdr ji @ako Pjccdr
66
41 41
=4
=4
=4
[efheiekahkd ji mrawehf
Mrawehf ji tbd bakocdm ie`rd dhsurds tbat scevdrs ji tbd mdserdm kjuht ard j`taehdm. Et rdljvds tbd tbeko ahm tbeh pcakds tbat ard prdsdht eh tbd bakocdm scevdrs. Et mdcevdrs a ljrd custrjus scevdr tbah tbd bakocdm scevdrs. ]bd scevdrs tbat ard mdcevdrdm ard cdssdr eh vjculd tbah tbd bakocdm ie`rds. Eh tbes prjkdss, tbd rdlaehehf ji tbd mert partekcds es rdljvdm. ]bes prjkdss bdcps eh `cdhmehf tbd ie`rds.
^afd | 05
^rjkdss
]bdrd ard sex rjws ji mraw iralds, dakb rjw kjhtaehehf sex mraw iralds. Jhd mrul ji bakocdm scevdr es passdm tbrjufb dakb ji tbd mraw iralds ahm jhd kjhtehujus scevdr ji bakocdm ie`rds es mrawh. ]bd mrawehf prjkdss es akkjlpcesbdm `y passehf tbd bakocdm scevdrs tbrjufb a systdl ji rjccdrs sukb tbat tbd ie`rds ard strdtkbdm tj `d straefbtdhdm ahm `d kcdardm ji j i tbd rdlaehehf mert partekcds. A kjhtehujus scevdr ji bakocdm ie`rds es passdm tbrjufb dakb ji tbd sex mraw iralds prjfrdssevdcy. ]bd bakocdm scevdrs ard ierstcy passdm tbrjufb tbd rjccdrs ji tbd ierst mraw irald. ]bat scevdr es passdm tbrjufb tbd sdkjhm mraw irald, tbdh tbd tberm, tbd ijurtb, tbd ieitb ahm castcy tbd sextb mraw irald. ]bd scevdr tbat es trdatdm `y tbd sextb ahm tbd cast mraw irald es mdcevdrdm as tbd mrawh scevdrs. Dakb rjw ji tbd mraw iralds bavd kjcjur kjmdm mrul wbdrd tbd ehmevemuac mrawh scevdrs ard mdcevdrdm. ]bd kjcjur kjmds ard usdm tj mestehfuesb tbd kjuht ji tbd ehmevemuac scevdrs irjl tbd ehmevemuac mraw iralds. ]bd kjcjurs ard rdm, jrahfd, frddh, mddp `cud, cefbt `cud ahm ydccjw. Eh mrawehf, mju`cehf ahm mraitehf ard acsj mjhd. Mju`cehf es mjhd tj laod tbd scevdrs dvdh. Eh jhd uhet, 9 scevdrs ard kjl`ehdm ehtj jhd tj ijrl kahs.
^afd | ;>
Pjvehf Pjvehf es tbd prjkdss ji fevehf tbd mrawh scevdrs a iacsd (prjtdktevd) twest tj prjvemd strdhftb `dijrd tbd `cdakbehf jr `jecehf prjkdss es `dehf uhmdrtaodh. Pjvehf prjvemds tbd mrawh scevdrs wetb a sueta`cd pakoafd. Iddm7 Mrawh scevdrs Mdcevdry7 Pjvdm scevdrs
[J^ ji Pjvehf Lakbehd
Lakbehd hald7 IR-=>0 Hul`dr ji lakbehds7 =
Iefurd =.0 Pjvehf Irald
Hj. ji Bdams
14
Hj. ji [pehmcds
10>
Mealdtdr ji Irjht Pjccdr
;2.1
Mealdtdr ji @ako Pjccdr
;2
Pjvehf lakbehd
Pjvehf lakbehds bavd a iddm sdktejh tbrjufb wbekb tbd mrawh scevdrs ard idm ahm tbd scevdrs ard fevdh a iacsd ahm cjjsd twest. At tbd mdcevdry sdktejh, tbdrd ard kycehmrekac dlpty pakoafds ijr tbd rjvdm scevdrs tj `d wjuhm arjuhm. ]bd mrawh scevdrs ard idm tbrjufb tbd iddmehf zjhd ahm tbd iacsd twests ard fevdh eh tbd twestehf sdktejh. ]bd mdcevdry sdktejh bas tbd dlpty kycehmdr sj tbat tbd rjvdm scevdrs ard wjuhm arjuhm. Eh rjvehf, jhd mju`cdm scevdr es passdm tbrjufb jhd spehmcd. ]bdrd ard a tjtac ji 10> spehmcds. ]bdrd ard hj kjl`ehatejhs ji tbd bakocdm ie`rds.
^afd | ;1
@jecehf @jecehf es tbd prjkdss ji trdatehf tbd rjvdm scevdrs sukb as tj rdljvd acc tbd rdlaehehf frdasd ahm tbd must latdreacs. Iddm7 Pjvdm scevdrs Mdcevdry7 @jecdm rjvdm scevdrs [J^ ji @jcehf Lakbehd
Lakbehd usdm7 Cjres @dccehd Kapakety7 2 karredrs (114> `j``ehs) Kjhsulptejh ji watdr7 1>,>>> cetrds x 4 telds [efheiekahkd ji `jecehf
@jecehf laods tbd rjvdm scevdrs sjitdr. Et acsj fdts rem ji acc tbd rdlaehehf frdasd ahm mert partekcds.
Kbaraktdresteks ji tbd rjvdm scevdrs aitdr `jecehf
]bd scevdrs ard sjitdr ahm tbdy ard ljstcy irdd irjl tbd frdasd latdreacs ahm mert partekcds.
Iefurd 4.1 @jecehf Lakbehd
Iefurd 4.0 @jecdm Pjvd
]bdrd es jhd ^P (prdparatejh) taho wbdrd tbd sjcutejh es prdpardm, ahm a laeh taho wbdrd `cdakbehf es mjhd.
^afd | ;0
^rjkdss Icjw Kbart ijr @jecehf
Vdttehf wetb sjap at Pjjl ]dlp. ijr 1> lehutds
@jecehf wetb Kaustek [jma at 54¾K ijr 5> lehutds
Ierst bjt wasb wetb sjit watdr at 2>¾K ijr 14 lehutds
[dkjhm bjt wasb wetb sjit watdr at 2>¾K ijr 14 lehutds
Vasbehf wetb KB;KJJB at Pjjl ]dlp. ijr 14 lehutds
Kjcm Vasb wetb sjit watdr at Pjjl ]dlp. ijr 1> lehutds
[jit Vatdr Vasb ijr iehesbehf at =>¾K ijr 14 lehutds
^afd | ;;
@cdakbehf @cdakbehf es tbd prjkdss ji rdljvac ji acc tbd haturac kjcjrehf lattdrs irjl tbd raw ie`rd latdreacs. Iddm7 Pjvdm scevdrs Mdcevdry7 @cdakbdm rjvdm scevdrs Kbdlekacs usdm ijr `cdakbehf7 1. Bymrjfdh pdrjxemd ;4% 0. [jmeul bypjkbcjretd ;. [jmeul kbcjretd =>% =. ^drakdtek akem 14% 4. [jmeul hetratd 9. [jmeul bymrjxemd 6. ^rdtdpjh F 2. [jcjpjc @C[ kjhkdhtratdm 5. [uctaijh TH[ 1>. Lafhdseul sucpbatd
[efheiekahkd ji `cdakbehf
@cdakbehf laods tbd rjvdm scevdrs wbetd eh kjcjur. Et bdcps eh fdttehf rem ji acc tbd haturac kjcjurs tj laod et sueta`cd ijr tbd ie`rds tj a`sjr` tbd myds ahm fdt tbd mdserdm kjcjur.
Kbaraktdresteks ji `cdakbdm rjvdm scevdrs
]bd rjvdm scevdrs ard wbetd eh kjcjur. ]bdy ard rdamy tj a`sjr` myds tbat ard usdm tj trdat tbd rjvdm scevdrs wetb.
^afd | ;=
^rjkdss Icjw Kbart ijr @cdakbehf ^rdtrdatldht wetb BKC at 40¾K ijr 14 lehutds
Kjcm Vasb wetb sjit watdr at Pjjl ]dlp. ijr 1> lehutds
Ierst @cdakbehf wetb B0J0 at 24¾K ijr ;4 lehutds
Kjcm Vasb wetb sjit watdr at Pjjl ]dlp. ijr 1> lehutds
[alpcehf
[dkjhm @cdakbehf wetb B0J0 at 54¾K ijr =4 lehutds
Ierst bjt wasb wetb kbdlekac at 2>¾K 1> lehutds
[alpcehf
Vasbehf wetb KB;KJJB at Pjjl ]dlp. ijr 14 lehutds
[jit Vatdr Vasb ijr iehesbehf at =>¾K ijr 14 lehutds
^afd | ;4
Vdt [pehhehf Vdt spehhehf es tbd prjkdss ji spehhehf ji ie`rds ehtj yarhs eh a wdt dhverjhldht. Iddm7 @cdakbdm jr `jecdm rjvdm scevdrs Mdcevdry7 [puh yarhs [J^ ji Vdt [pehhehf Lakbehd
Lakbehd hald7 [pehhehf rehf irald (^L-22 C4) Hul`dr ji lakbehds7 09 Hul`dr ji pdjpcd wjroehf7 => Hj. ji spehmcds7 49 Uarh cehdar mdhsety7 0>-9> tdx (Hl) ]west/ldtdr7 ;>>-2>>]l ]west merdktejh7 Pefbt W Uarh rehf mealdtdr7 44ll Vehm bdefbt7 01>ll [pehmcd spddm rpl7 ;6>>-;2>> Mraitehf systdl7 [ehfcd zjhd, sehfcd aprjh mraitehf systdl wetb twj prdssurd rjccdrs
Iefurd 9.1 Pehf Irald
Kjcjr kjmehf es mjhd ijr meiidrdht rehfs ijr spehhehf yarhs ji meiidrdht kjuhts (cda). Ldkbahesl
]bd ldkbahesl ji tbd lakbehd es tbat tbd rjvds ard idm tbrjufb tbd iddmehf sdktejh.
]bd iddm rjccdr rjtatds at a cdssdr spddm tbah tbd mdcevdry rjccdr kausehf tbd scevdrs tj tbeh eh tbd prjkdss. ]bd rehf irald lakbehd usds warl watdr tj prjkddm wetb tbd spehhehf aktejh ji cehdh.. ^afd | ;9
[efheiekahkd ji wdt spehhehf7
Vdt spehhehf bdcps eh kjhvdrtehf tbd rjvdm scevdrs ehtj yarhs ji a mdiehetd kjuht. Et laods tbd scevdrs tj `d sueta`cd ijr wdavehf prjkdss
]VE[]EHF7
]wj jr ljrd sehfcd yarhs ard twestdm tj ijrl a sehfcd yarh. [J^ ji ]westehf Lakbehd
Hul`dr ji lakbehds < 1; Hald 7 ]wj ijr jhd twestdr Laod 7 ^rdrha Ljmdc hul`dr 7 prh 19>/V Hul`dr ji spehmcds 7 1== ]ravdrsd cdhftb 7 4.4“ Iefurd 9.0 ]westehf Lakbehd
^afd | ;6
PI Mryehf PI Mryehf bdcps eh tbd mryehf ji tbd wdt yarhs tbat ard `dehf spuh eh tbd wdt spehhehf prjkdss. PI mrydr es tbd lakbehd usdm tj karryjut tbd prjkdss. Iddm7 Vdt spuh yarh Mdcevdry7 Mredm spuh yarhs Lakbehd Tsdm7 Ljhfa [trayiedcm PI Mredr Hj ji Lakbehds7 0 Kjhsests ji tbd ijccjwehf kjlpjhdhts7 e. ee. eee. ev.
Kjhvdyjr `dct Kjhtrjc pahdc @ako semd kjhvdyjr `dct ]bdrd ard tjtac ;> kbal`drs ahm at a teld 15==> spehmcds kah `d mredm.
]bd rdlaehehf watdr eh tbd wdt spehmcds es rdljvdm `y passehf et tbrjufb tbd kbal`dr ji PI Mredr. ]bd wdt spehmcds ard odpt jh a ljvehf `dct eh tbd kbal`dr. ]bd teld es amgustdm `y ehkrdasehf/mdkrdasehf tbd spddm ji tbd ljvehf `dct eh tbd kbal`dr A wdt prjmukt su`lettdm tj a Pamej Irdqudhky (PI) iedcm a`sjr`s tbd dcdktrjlafhdtek dhdrfy sj tbat ets ehtdrhac tdlpdraturd ehkrdasds. Ei a suiiekedht aljuht ji dhdrfy es suppcedm, tbd watdr es kjhvdrtdm ehtj stdal, wbekb cdavds tbd prjmukt, tbat es tj say tbd wdt prjmukt fdts mredm.
Iefurd 6.1 PI Mrydr
^afd | ;2
Vehmehf Vehmehf es tbd prjkdss ji saca`cd pakoafd ijrlatejh ji yarhs, e.d, `ef yarh pakoafds ard ijrldm sukb tbat tbdy kah `d sjcm. Ljrdjvdr, Vehmehf Vehmehf acsj bdcps eh lahafda`cd pakoafd ijrlatejh ji yarhs sukb tbat tbdy kah `d iurtbdr prjkdssdm. Iddm7 Mredm spuh yarhs Mdcevdry7 ^akoafds ji spuh yarhs (Vdefbt7 1-1.4 of) [J^ ji Vehmehf Lakbehd
Lakbehd usdm7 [KBCAIBJP[] AT]J KJHDP Hj. ji lakbehds7 ; [pddm7 4>>l/leh ^rjmuktejh7 ; tjhhds/may ^arts ji tbd Lakbehd
EHMEKA]JP[7
PDM- wbdh tbd lakbehd stjps mud tj dhtahfcdldht ji tbrdams FPDDH- wbdh tbd lakbehd es ruhhehf UDCCJV- wbdh tbd pakoafd es kjlpcdtd
Iefurd 2.1 Vehmehf Lakbehd
FPE^^DP APL7
]bd uppdr arl freppehf es acsj kcdarcy ljrd diiekedht. ]bd pedkehf kykcd ji tbd uppdr yarh freppehf es Iefurd 2.0 Vehmehf Lakbehd jptelezdm. ]bd suktejh arl ljvds framuaccy kcjsdr tj tbd pakoafd suriakd wetb dakb sdarkbehf ljvdldht.
^afd | ;5
As a rdsuct, tbd yarh es freppdm iastdr ahm tbd hul`dr ji uhprjmuktevd rdpdat pedkehf kykcds mud tj hjhd freppehf ji tbd uppdr yarh es kcdarcy rdmukdm.
[^CEKDP7 Ttecezehf kjlprdssdm aer tbd spcekd wbercs tbd yarh dhms tjfdtbdr ijrlehf ohjtcdss yarh gjehts. ]bd tdhsecd strdhftb ji tbd spcekd es hdarcy emdhtekac tj tbd yarh strdhftb, tbus rdprdsdhtehf tbd emdac, yarh ceod gjeht ji twj yarh dhms. ]bd spcekdr es iastdhdm jh tbd wehmehf uhet bjusehf. Et es mrevdh irjl tbd kal sbait ji tbd wehmehf uhet bjusehf. Et es mrevdh irjl tbd kal sbait ji tbd wehmehf uhet vea pcuf kjupcehf. [bait karreds tbd kals ijr spcekehf. [pcekd tdstehf taods pcakd autjlatekaccy at tbd wehmehf uhet start up, as tbd spcekd passds tbrjufb tbd kcdardr‚s ldasurehf scjt. VEHMEHF THE]7
Et kjhsests ji tbrdd lagjr assdl`ceds7 Vehmehf uhet bjusehf7 Vetb pakoafd kramcd, ehmevemuaccy mrevdh yarh yarh fuemd mrul, travdrsd mespcakdldht, kjhtrjc kerkuetry ahm kjhtrjc dcdldhts wetb sefhac calps. Kdhtrac bjusehf7 Vetb suktejh arl, waxehf mdvekd, dcdktrjhek kcdardr, yarh tdhsejh sdhsjr, spcekdr bdam, yarh tdhsejh mdvekd ahm suktejh pepd. Krddc bjusehf7 Vetb kerkucar lafazehd (PL), `j``eh kbutd ahm krddcehf ldkbahesl
]DH[EJHEHF MDYEKD7 ]bd tdhsejh mdvekd appceds uheijrl tdhsejh tj tbd yarh, eh jrmdr tj j`taeh tbd mdserdm mdfrdd ji barmhdss ji tbd mdcevdry pakoafd. ]bd yarh ruhs `dtwddh tbd rjtatehf tdhsejh mesks mrevdh afaehst tbd merdktejh ji tbd ruhhehf yarh `y tdhsejh ljtjr. ]bd mdserdm yarh tdhsejh es fdhdratdm tbrjufb irektejh ji tbd yarh afaehst tbd twj tdhsejh mesk. ^AKOAFD MJIIDP7 ]bd pakoafd mjiidr patrjcs jh tbd trakos cjkatdm a`jvd tbd wehmehf uhets. Tpjh rdqudst irjl a wehmehf uhet tbd mjiidr wehms a hjsd taec jh tbd kjlpcdtdm pakoafd, ahm mjiis tbd pakoafd. ]bd mjiidr acsj pcakds a hdw kjhd irjl tbd lafazehd ehtj tbd pakoafd kramcd ahm wehms ahm trahsidr taec. KJHME]EJHEHF PJJL7 Eh tbes stafd tbd `effdr pakoafd wjuhm eh tbd Autj kjhdr lakbehd ard stjrdm eh a kjhmetejhehf rjjl ahm irjl tbdrd tbdy ard sdht ijr pakoafehf.. ^afd | =>
^akoafehf Uarh pakoafehf es tbd sdktejh wbdrd yarhs ard `dehf kjhmetejhdm, kbdkodm, pakodm ahm wdefbdm. Eh tbes sdktejh tbd yarhs kjld ijr pakoafehf jh pdf trjccdys wbdrd tbdy ard mevemdm akkjrmehf tj tbder kjuht. ]bdh tbdsd yarh ard put jh a kjhvdyjr `dct wbdrd tbd tjtac wjro ijr pakoafehf es mjhd. []D^ 1. Ierstcy, tbdsd yarhs ard kjhmetejhdm. ]bes es mjhd `y sprayehf tbd kjhds wetb PJ watdr jhd `y jhd. ]bd aljuht ji watdr tbat kah `d spraydm mdpdhms jh tbd typd ji kjhd, ijr dxalpcd- et‚s 0>% ijr sbaitdm kjhd. []D^ 0. [dkjhmcy, kbdkoehf es mjhd. Eh tbes sdktejh tbd kjhds ard kbdkodm ijr ahy `rjodh tbrdam jr ahytbehf uhwahtdm ahm tbdh et fjds tj tbd pakoafehf part. []D^ ;.]bermcy, kjlds pakoafehf. Bdrd tbd kjhds ard put ehtj pcastek pakodts tj rdtaeh tbd ljesturd ahm tbdh et es pakodm eh kartjhs ahm sdacdm. 0= kjhds ard pakodm eh 1 kartjh. []D^ =.Ijurtb ahm tbd iehac stdp es wdefbehf. Bdrd tbd kartjhs ard wdefbdm ahm tbd wdefbt es wrettdh jh dakb kartjh. kar tjh. ^akoehf es as mjhd as ijccjws7
Eh 1 kartjh ‛ kartjh ‛ 02/;>/;0 02/;>/;0 kjhds 1 of < ;0 kjhds 1.4 of < 12 kjhds
^afd | =1
davehf Vdavehf es tbd prjkdss ji laoehf ia`reks `y ehtdrcakehf tbd tbrdams cdhftbwesd ahm wemtb wesd kjlljhcy ohjwh as warp ahm wdit eh a rdfucar jrmdr. ]bd jpdratejh es pdrijrldm eh a lakbehd kaccdm a cjjl. ]wj sdts s dts ji yarhs ard ehtdrcakdm, acljst acways at refbt ahfcds tj dakb jtbdr. Jhd, kaccdm tbd warp, ruhs cdhftbwesd eh tbd cjjl? tbd jtbdr, kaccdm tbd ieccehf, wdit jr wjji, ruhs krjsswesd. ]bd raesehf ahm cjwdrehf sdqudhkd ji warp tbrdams eh varejus sdqudhkds fevds lahy pjsse`cd wdavd strukturds.
Icjw Kbart ji Vdavehf ^rjkdss [dfrdfatdm yarhs
wdavdrs `dal
Uarh
Varpehf
mrawh `dal
warpsbddt rdamy ijr wdavehf
Jutputs U‚s
Ehputs
Mrawehf
Faetehf
sdfrdfatejh
frdy ahm mydm yarh
sdfrdfatdm yarh
wdavdrs `dal
mrawh `dal
R‚s Vjvdh ia`rek
Vdavehf
framdm ia`rek
Frdy kbdkoehf
^afd | =0
Krddcehf Krddcehf es tbd prjkdss usdm tj krddc tbd pakoafds.
Mraw tbd tbrdams ehtj tbd apprjpreatd tdhsejhdrs. Ehsdrt tbd tbrdams ji dakb bjrezjhtac rjw ehtj tbd fuemds ahm tbd apprjpreatd stjp ljtejh dcdldht.
^araccdc kjhd krddc (lafazehd krddc) Kapakety7 =2> (=2> rdsdrvdm) Idaturds7 warp stjp ljtejh, wbdh yarh es `rdao. Bdrd pbjtj dcdktrek sdhsjrs ard usdm. Krddcehf teld7 04-;> leh. ]ypd ji tdhsejhdr7 Ldkbahekac typd (sprehf pcatd). Amgustldht ji tbd tdhsejhdr7 @y lahuaccy. @dal meldhsejh7 Ijr Papedr, Mea. Ji `dal- 2.0“ Cdhftb ji tbd `dal- 50“ Vdefbt ji tbd `dal- 102of Ijr ^rjgdktecd, Mea. Ji `dal- 6“ Cdhftb ji `dal- 50“ [beit wesd prjmuktevd7 0 `dal pdr sbeit (avf.) Pdquerdldht ji wjrodr7 0 ]rahspjrtatejh ji `dals7 `y usehf Krddcs trjccdys. Iauct7 Lessehf dhm, cjst dhm, Mju`cd dhm, cjsehf dhm, [dcvdmfd cjjsd, Kut dhm, Cdasd prj`cdls. Varpehf ^rjfral7 -Uarh kjuht => Cda -]jtac dhm <0>1; -@dal icahfd tj icahfd mestahkd eh ll <514 ll -Krddc kapakety< =2> -]jtac cdhftb eh ldtdr<10>> l -^arteac cdhftb eh ldtdr<14> l -Dhm/ll<0.0 ll -Hj. ji sdktejh<= ji =2> dhms& 1 ji 5; dhms,-[dktejh wemtb<012.2 ll
^afd | =;
Varpehf Varpehf es tbd prjkdss ji arrahfehf a sdt ji yarhs (warps) eh a strdtkbdm pjsetejh, tbd yarhs paraccdc tj dakb jtbdr jtbdr uhmdr befb tdhsejh. Iddm7 Mydm jr uhmydm yarhs Mdcevdry7 [trdtkbdm, paraccdc mydm jr uhmydm yarhs jh warp `dals.
[efheiekahkd ji warpehf
]bes es sueta`cd ijr laoehf kbdkodm, streppdm jr jtbdr iahky ia`rek. Vd merdktcy j`taeh wdavdr‚s `dal irjl tbes prjkdss. As sezehf es hjt mjhd, sj lucte-pcy yarhs jr yarhs wbekb mj hjt rdquerd sezehf ard usdm. [lacc aljuht ji yarh es rdquerdm tj prjmukd tbd wdavdr‚s `dal. [dktejhac warpehf es usdm tj prjmukd a warp `dal wetb a frdatdr ldl`dr ei dhms. ]bd prjmuktejh es cdss eh sdktejhac warpehf. ]bd yarh tdhsejh es cdss uheijrl. Et es cdss diiekedht tbah befb spddm warpehf.
[dktejhac warpehf Et es a prjkdss eh wbekb dquac cdhftb ji yarh es ierst wjuhm eh slacc sdktejhs jr sbddts jh a mrul. ]bdh irjl tbd mrul et es trahsidrrdm tj tbd `dal eh tbd ijrl ji a sbddt. Et es a twj stafd prjkdss ahm es usdm tj prjmukd iahky ia`reks `y kjcjr ahm wdavd diidkt.
^afd | ==
[J^ ji [dktejhac Varpehf Lakbehd HALD7 ^rasbahtFalatdx. ([dktejhac warpehf l/k)
Ljmdc7 D.^ 11>> [ezd7 00>> ll ]jtac Hj. ji l/k7 1; Hj. ji l/k eh sdktejh E7 >; Hj. ji l/k eh sdktejh EE7 >= @dal jr mrul mealdtdr7 ; ldtdr Varpehf spddm7 14> l/leh [dktejhac Varpehf Lakbehd
]ravdrs spddm7 0;0.= ll Pddm spakd7 62 ehkb lax (9= ehkb avf. usdm)
Et es a twj stafd prjkdss, kaccdm tbd warpehf ahm `dalehf Varpehf es mjhd irjl krddc tj mrul. Krddc kapakety es slacc as kjlpardm tj merdkt warpehf. ]bd mrul/sweit es tapdrdm at a scefbt ahfcd tj prjvemd suppjrt tj tbd yarh ahm et acsj prdvdhts tbd sceppafd ji yarh. Befbdr tbd tapdr ahfcd cdss wecc `d tbd pakoafd sta`ecety. ]bd yarhs ard caem sdktejh-wesd, startehf irjl tbd kjhekac `asd semd. ]bd ierst sdktejh es suppjrtdm `y tbd tapdr ji tbd `asd ahm tbd su`sdqudht sdktejhs suppjrtdm `y tbd tapdr ijrldm `y tbd prdkdmehf sdktejh. Dakb sdktejh bas luctepcd dhms pdr sdqudhkd rdquerdm, wbecd sdktejh cdhftb es tbd sald. ]bd hul`dr ji dhms es sald eh dakb sdktejh, dxkdpt tbd cast sdktejh acsj ohjwh as tbd kut-a`cd sdktejh. ]bd sdktejhs ard travdrsdm jh tbd mrul murehf warpehf acjhf tbd wemtb ji sdktejh tj ijrl ah ahfcd. Cdhftb ji tbd yarh es ldasurdm `y tbd ldasurehf rjccdr.
^afd | =4
@dalehf
1) Aitdr kjlpcdtejh ji warpehf, prdss kdhtdrehf pusb `uttjh tj taod tbd l/k acljst eh cehd wetb `dal. 0) ]aod ah dlpty `dal eh irjht ji `dalehf bdamstjko. ;) ]aod acc tbd yarhs jh `dal irjl tbd tjp ji icutdm rjccdr, waxehf rjccdr & fuemd rjccdr. ]ed acc yarhs jh tbd `dal oddpehf dquac spakd `dtwddh tbd dhterd sdktejhs ohjt. =) [tart `dalehf `y prdssehf tbd frddh pusb `uttjh & framuaccy ehkrdasd spddm. 4) [tjp tbd l/k tj taod jut tbd cdasd saidty.
@dalehf
^afd | =9
]dkbhekac [pdkeiekatejh [bddt
^afd | =6
Mrawehf Uarh mrawehf es tbd prjkdss ji passehf tbd warpdm yarhs tbrjufb tbd apprjpreatd dyd ji tbd bdmmcds ji a barhdss. A barhdss es a rdktahfucar irald wbekb pdrijrls tbd sbdmmehf jpdratejhs. Attakbdm tj tbdsd iralds ard a sdreds ji werds tbat ard kaccdm bdmmcds. ]bd bdmmcds bavd jpdhehfs tbat kah `d kjlpardm tj tbd dyds ji hddmcds. Iddm7 Varpdm yarhs Mdcevdry 7 Mrawh yarhs
Uarh mrawehf es mjhd lahuaccy wetb tbd bdcp ji a bjjo tbat bdcps eh puccehf tbd yarhs tbrjufb tbd dyds ji tbd bdmmcds. ]bdrd ard tjtac 09 eh l/k ijr mrawehf. ]wj wjrodrs ard rdquerdm eh @dal7 1) Mrawdr 0) Pdakbdr Ijr 9 bdacm sbait, = ijr `jmy & 0 ijr sdcvdmfd ard usdm.
Mrawehf- eh l/k parts7 typd ji mdsefh. Avdrafd hj. ji dhms mrawh/sbeit/jpdratevd ijr pcaeh sjrts- 9>>>-94>> dhms. [pdkeiekatejhs ji bdacm werd ,mrjp pehds, bdacm werd Ijr prjgdktecd ijr-cdhftb ijr-cdhftb 1;‚‚ Ijr rapedr 0>> ‛cdhftb 0>> ‛cdhftb 14‚‚ Mrjp pehs-meiidrdht wdefbtdm wdefbtdm mrjp pehs ard usdm ijr meiidrdht kjuht Iehdr kjuht a`jvd 2> ‛ 2> ‛ cjw cjw wdefbt Iauct murehf mrawehf eh, mdhtehf ahm tbder kjrrdktejhs7
Iauct 1.Krjssehf eh warpehf, et es kjrrdktdm k jrrdktdm `y jpdratevd Iauct 0.^attdrh kbahfd. (Meskussdm wetb mdsefh mdpartldht, tbdy sjcvd et)
^afd | =2
Faetehf ahm Ohjttehf Faetehf
Fatehf es tbd lahuac prjkdss ji passehf tbd ehmuvemuac dhms tbrjufb tbd lakbehd parts wbdrd tbd prjkdss taods arjuhm ;-= bjurs ji teld.
Ohjttehf Lakbehd
Ohjttehf
Ohjttehf lakbehd7 [tau`ce ]jpbjlatek ]bd lakbehd es usdm tj Ohjt twj warp sbddts tjfdtbdr wbdrd et es kapa`cd ji laoehf ;0> ohjts pdr lehutd. ]bd varejus stdps ehvjcvdm eh Ohjttehf ard as ijccjws7
Mrdssehf
Cdasd up ahm mjwh
^ucc tbrdam
Kuttdr, ohjttdr
Vastd dxtraktjr
^afd | =5
Vdavehf Vdavehf es tbd prjkdss ehtdrcakdldht ji twj sdts ji yarhs, tbd warp ahm tbd wdit. ]bd wdavehf mdpartldht es mevemdm ehtj 0 sbdms. sb dms. [bdm 17 4> cjjls E. ;> rapedr cjjls EE. 0> prjgdktecd cjjls [bdm 07 =2 (acc Papedr cjjls) Acljst 1=,>>> ldtdrs ji ia`rek es lamd eh 1 may. ]bd laxelul wemtb ji tbd ia`rek es 14; ehkbds e.d. ;5> kl. Jtbdr wemtbs ji ia`rek ehkcumd 0>>, 00> ahm 15>. Ah diiekedhky ji 94% es akbedvdm. A varedty ji wdavds ard usdm sukb as pcaeh, twecc, sateh ahm iahky wdavd. ]bdy acsj bavd attakbldhts ijr mj``y. ^caeh wdavd es tbd ljst kjlljhcy usdm wdavd. ]bd mdpartldht wjros eh acc tbd tbrdd sbeits. Acc tbd cjjls ard [uczdr Pute Cjjls. Pute Cjjls. PA^EDP LAKBEHD[
^PJGDK]ECD LAKBEHD[
Laod7 [TCWDP PT]E Hald7 [TCWDP PT]E Hj. ji Lakbehds7 62 Ljmdc7 ^rjgdktecd-Vd`lakbehd 564Vemtb7 0>>kl 1556 15> kl Hj. ji Lakbehds7 0> Lax. Hj. ji Bdacm [baits ^jsse`cd7 0> Vemtb7 ;5> kl Lax. Hj. ji Bdacm [baits ^jsse`cd7 12
]bd prelary ljtejhs ard7 Bdmmehf7 Paesehf spdkeiek warp yarhs `y ldahs ji tbd barhdss jr bdmmcd irald ^ekoehf7 Ehsdrtehf ieccehf yarhs tbrjufb tbd sbdm @datehf-up7 Jr `attdhehf es pusbehf ieccehf yarhs ierlcy eh pcakd `y ldahs ji tbd rddm. ]bd sdkjhmary ljtejhs ard7 ]aoehf-up ahm cdttehf-jii7 Vehmehf tbd iehesbdm ia`rek jh tbd kcjtb `dal ahm rdcdasehf ljrd ji tbd warp irjl tbd warp `dal.
^afd | 4>
Vjroehf ^rjkdss ijr Vdavehf
]aod kbarfd bahmjvdr irjl prdvejus sbeit jpdratjrs ahm kbdko tbd kcdahehf ji tbd lakbehd.
Ehmekatjr cefbts7
Varp `rdaoafd7 @cud
Vdit `rdaoafd7 Udccjw
Vdit pakoafd7 Udccjw + Vbetd Mjii cdhftb7 Udccjw + Vbetd (kjhtehujus `cehoehf) Ldkbahekac jr dcdktrekac7 Pdm
Vdavehf ^rjkdss
Acways ldhm warp dhms wetb sald warp yarh sbamd ahm usd wdavdr ohjt.
Pdsdt ldtdr aitdr rdakb cdhftb ji ia`rek ahm ehijrl tj rjcc mjiidr tj kut ia`rek rjcc.
Acways usd pcastek werd ijr ehsdrtehf tbd wdit yarh eh ah akkulucatjr. Acways usd rdm bjjo ijr mrawehf tbd warp yarh eh bdacm ahm rddm.
^afd | 41
Vdavehf sdktejh lakbehd mdtaecs
62 cjjl Pdpedr
= cjjl Pdpedr peoahjc 0> cjjl prjgdktecd
Hald ji cjjl-sjcqF90>> [dktejhac warpehf lakbehd
-----------prasbaht -----------pras baht falatax
sezd ji warpehf lakbehd ---------------00>>ll Varp mrul ;>>l/leh
mealdtdr--------;l/
warpehf
spddm----------1>>-
Pddm spakd------9> tj 2> ehkb [ehfcd dhm warpehf l/k--------suzuoe [ezd ji lakbehd -----------00>>ll/warp mrul mealdtdr---------6l Varpehf spddm------1>>-0>>l/leht ]ypd ji krddc------paraccdc/ krddc teld-----;>leh
kapakety--------=2>lax/ krddcehf
]ypd ji tdhsejhdr---------aer prdssurd ahm ldkbahekac warp `dal meldhsejh( rapedr)----------mea rapedr)----------mea ji `dal2.0“ cdhftb
^afd | 40
Vdavehf Iaucts7
Mdsefh Kut
Vrjhf Mrawehf
Vrjhf Mdhtehf
Vrjhf Varp ^attdrh
Vrjhf Vdit ^attdrh
Lessehf Dhm
Mju`cd Dhm
Kbddra, Kbappa, [tetkbds, Icjat
Casbehf ^eko
]acc Dhms
@am [dcvdmfd
Vrjhf Ljhjfral
Vrjhf Mdsefh
Vrjhf Ceitehf
Pddm Laro
]dlpcd Laro
Jec [taeh
Gbere, ^atte
Cdt-jii-laro
[tartehf Laro
[lacc Vdit kut, Cjhf Vdit Kut
Mju`cd ^eko
Bjcd
^afd | 4;
A [urvdy jh tbd Vdavehf Mdpartldht Vastd % =.=4
=.=4
=.4
=.=4 =.;4
=.09
= ;.== ;.4 ; 0.4
Vastd tarfdt
0
Vastd Aktuac
1.4 1 >.4 > Gah-19
Id`-19
Lar-19
Puhhehf Diiekedhky 6>
6>
6>
6>
95
92
96.=
96.0 Puhhehf Diiekedhky ]arfdt
96 99.;
Puhhehf Diiekedhky Aktuac
99
94
9= Gah-19
Id`-19
Lar-19
^afd | 4=
Cjjl ^rjmuktejh Ldtrds/May 0=2>> 04>>>
00665
0=2>> 0;915
0=2>> 009>=
0>>>>
14>>> Cjjl ^rjmuktejh el Ltrs ]arfdt Cjjl ^rjmuktejh eh Ltrs Aktuac
1>>>>
4>>> =.4 > Gah-19
Id`-19
Lar-19
Varpehf ^rjmuktejh Ldtdrs/May ;>>>>
05;04
05;04
05;04
05>>> 02>>>
06==6 09464
06>>> 09>>>
04405
Varpehf ^rjmuktejh ]arfdt Varpehf ^rjmuktejh Aktuac
04>>> 0=>>> 0;>>>
^afd | 44
^jwdr/1>> Ldtdr 19>
1==
1==
1==
1=> 111
10> 54
1>> 66
]arfdt
2>
Aktuac 9> => 0> > Gah-19
Id`-19
Lar-19
Vdavehf Malafd% 0.4 0.1; 1.2=
0 1.92 1.4
1.04
1.04
1.04
Vdavehf Malafd ]arfdt Vdavehf Malafd Aktuac
1
>.4
> Gah-19
Id`-19
Lar-19
^afd | 49
^rd-]rdatldht ^rjkdss Gaya [brdd ]dxtecds kjhtre`utd tj tbrdd `asek ^rd-]rdatldht prjkdssds ijr ^edkd Mydm Ia`reks7
[ehfdehf
Mdsezehf
Kjhtehujus @cdakbehf Pahfd
Icjw kbart ijr ^rd-]rdatldht ^rjkdssds7 1
^edkd Mydm Ia`reks
Uarh Mydm Ia`rek
0
[ehfdehf+Mdsezehf
[ehfdehf
;
Kjhtehujus @cdakbehf Pahfd (K@P)
Iehesbehf ^rjkdss
=
Iehesbehf ^rjkdss
^afd | 46
[ehfdehf [ehfdehf rdidrs tj tbd `urhehf-jii ji suriakd ie`dr. Cjjsd ie`rds hjt ierlcy `juhm ehtj tbd yarh ahm/jr ia`rek i a`rek strukturd. [ehfdehf es ah elpjrtaht part ji prdtrdatldht. ]bes es tbd `urhehf jii ji prjtrumehf ie`dr dhms irjl tbd suriakd ji tbd ia`rek. Ei hjt mjhd prjpdrcy, uhkcdar preht pattdrhs, ljttcdm ia`rek suriakds, ahm peccehf rdsucts. [ehfdehf es karredm jut mud tj tbd ijccjwehf rdasjhs7
Cjjsd yarhs ard hjt ierlcy `juhm ehtj tbd ia`rek strukturd.
^rjtrumehf ie`rd dhms ard stekoehf jut ji tbd tdxtecd yarhs ahm/jr ia`reks.
[J^ ji [dehfehf kul Mdsezehf Lakbehd
Hald7 J[B]JII sehfdehf lakbehd lakbehd Lamd Eh7 FDPLAHU [jurkd ji icald7 C.^.F. ^rdssurd ji C^F7 1.4 `ar Icald Bdefbt7 9“ apprjx ]dlpdraturd ji icald7 11>> K
[ehfdehf tbrjufb [ehfdehf
[pddm7 1>> l/leh Kjcjur ji icald7 @cud Icald Ehtdhsety7 Mdpdhms upjh tbd F.C.L. ji ia`reks ]bd icald attakos tbd ia`rek eh tbrdd ways7
1. Merdkt7 ]bd icald es pdrpdhmekucar jh tbd ia`rek suriakd. ]bes es tbd prjkdss tbat es `dehf usdm. 0. Ahfucar7 ]bd icald ahm tbd ia`rek suriakd krdatds ah ahfcd `dtwddh tbdl. ;. Irjl `dcjw7 ]bd icald es prjvemd irjl `dcjw jh tbd ia`rek.
^afd | 42
Jpdratehf ^rjkdss
1. Dldrfdhky stjps ard kbdkodm. 0. Aer prdssurd es kbdkodm. ;. Irjht rjcc sdttehf ahm autjlatek prdss ceitehf pjeht jh 1 pjsetejh =. @dijrd efhetejh, kbdko tbat ia`rek es wjuhm tefbtcy arjuhm tbd sehfdehf rjccdrs tj prdvdht `urhehf. 4. Eheteac `urhdr prdssurd es odpt vdry cjw. 9. @dijrd sbuttehf mjwh, tbd lakbehd es kcdahdm ijr atcdast 10 leh oddpehf ody at 1 pjsetejh
[ehfdehf kul Mdsezehf Lakbehd
6. Mukt ; es kcdahdm usehf watdr spray. 2. Pjccdrs ahm kbdlekac tahos ard kcdahdm aitdr pammehf.
^afd | 45
Mdsezehf ^rjkdss Icjw Kbart ^rd `rusbehf uhet
[ehfdehf
Oddp tbd `atkb eh rjtatejh ijr 2-1> bjurs
Mahkdr rjccdr
@atkb ijrlatejh
^jst `rusbehf
^ammehf wetb mdse mdsezd zd 24 K ¾
Mdsezehf es tbd prjkdss ji rdljvehf tbd sezd latdreac irjl tbd warp yarhs eh wjvdh ia`reks. [ezehf afdhts ard sdcdktdm jh tbd `ases ji typd ji ia`rek, dhverjhldhtac iredhmcehdss, dasd ji rdljvac, kjst kjhsemdratejhs, diicudht trdatldht, dtk. Mdsezehf, errdspdktevd ji wbat tbd mdsezehf afdht af dht es, ehvjcvds elprdfhatejh ji tbd ia`rek wetb tbd mdsezehf afdht, accjwehf tbd mdsezehf afdht tj mdframd jr sjcu`ecezd tbd sezd latdreac, ahm iehaccy tj wasb jut tbd mdframatejh prjmukts. Lakbehdry ^araldtdrs
HE^ ^rdssurd7 >.2 @AP ]rjufb Kapakety7 64> cet Kbdlekac Pdkepd
Dhzyld7 4 f/c
Vdttehf afdht7 = f/c
Kjlpcdxdr 7 1 tj 1.4 f/c
]dlpdraturd7 24 K pB 7 9 tj 5.4
[pddm7 2> tj 1>> l/leh
Dhzyld usdm7 ^acojzyld ^cus.
^afd | 9>
Kjhtehujus @cdakbehf Pahfd (K@P) @cdakbehf eh jur jpdh-wemtb rahfds es dxdkutdm wetb a pam-stdal `cdakbehf prjkdss. Et kjl`ehds a twj stdp kbdlekac kbdlekac prjkdssds7 Mdlehdracesehf tbd ia`rek ahm @cdakbehf tbd ia`rek usehf ^drjxemd/Acoace cequjr eh kjl`ehatejh wetb a stdal atljspbdrd. @cdakbehf rahfds vary eh sezd ahm ard avaeca`cd irjl ;>> tj 10>> of/b. ]bd prjkdss es befbcy dkjhjlekac eh watdr/stdal/kbdlekac watdr/stdal/kbdlekac kjhsulptejh as kjlpardm wetb meskjhtehujus lakbehds.
[J^ ji @cdakbehf Lakbehd
Hald7 Ldzzdra B]^ THE]DR THE]DR Lamd eh7 Etacy Udar ji Lahuiakturehf7 0>>9 Hul`dr ji Kbal`drs wetb mdtaecs7
K@P Lakbehd KBAL@DP 1 &0 7 BJ] VA]DP(5>¾K) VA[B (KA^AKE]U 7 10>>C DAKB) KBAL@DP ; 7 ^DPJREMD, KAT[]EK [JMA, []A@ECEWDP AHM VD]]EHF AFDH] VA[B (KA^AKE]U 7 0>>C) KBAL@DP = ([]DALDP) 7 []DALDM A] 55¾K (kjhtakt teld eh stdaldr 0-0.4 leh leh ijr 5>l) KBAL@DP 4 7 BJ] VA]DP(1>>¾K) VA[B + []DAL [^PAU (KA^AKE]U 7 12>>C) KBAL@DP 9 & 6 7 7 BJ] VA]DP(5>¾K) VA[B (KA^AKE]U 7 12>>C & 10>>C rdspdktevdcy) KBAL@DP 2 (a&`) 7 KJCM VA[B - HDT]PACE[A]EJH VE]B AKD]EK AKEM (KA^AKE]U 7 9>>C DAKB)
^afd | 91
Patej ji Vatdr ahm Latdreac7 9 cet/of ]brdamehf Cdhftb7 => l Kjhtakt ]eld eh [tdaldr7 ; leh ^rdssurd Pdquerdm7
[tdal prdssurd7 4-9 `ar
Vatdr prdssurd7 0-= `ar
Aer prdssurd7 4-9 `ar
Vjroehf Vemtb7 0>>>l Lax [pddm7 4>ltr/leh
Jpdratehf ^rjkdss
1. Mjsehf ji kbdlekac wetb sdqudstehf afdht tj prdvdht bjcds eh ia`rek. (Erjh kjhtalehatejh `y wdavehf jr kbeoatds erjh partekcd mdpjsetejh lay krdatd bjcd eh ia`rek) 0. ; prdwasbds at 5>¾ K tj prdvdht jvdrmjsehf ji kbdlekac. Kbdkopjehts7 (dxakt rdkepd ji cequjr es tj `d usdm aitdr tartaratejh irjl QA ca`) ([pddm Kjhtrjc) ;. [tdalehf zjhd ijr 1;>ltr ia`rek at a teld at 5>-54¾ K laehtaeh pb `y kaustek sjma =. ^jst wasbds usehf mju`cd tbrdamehf ji ia`rek tp ehkrdasd diiekedhky ji wasbehf. 4. YMP tj mry tbd ia`rek. 1>> of ji stdal (10>-1;>¾ K) rdquerdm ijr sehfcd rjccdr. [tdal prdssurd laehtaehdm at = of/kl sq. 9. [alpcd ijr wbetdhdss eh sdht tj QA ca`. Ei tbd wbetdhdss es cdss tbah 6>-2> tbdh ia`rek es `cdakbdm jh geffdr.
^afd | 90
Kjhtehujus @cdakbehf Pahfd (K@P) Meafral
^afd | 9;
Mydehf ]bd prjkdss ji appcyehf mdserdm kjcjur/sbamd tj tbd yarh/pedkd es tdrldm as Mydehf. ]bd twj `asek kjhstetudhts ji mydehf ard7
Acoace
Kjcjur
Acoace
Acoace es usdm eh mydehf tj laehtaeh pB. @dst mydehf ratd es akbedvdm at pB pB ji11-10. Iurtbdr ehkrdasd eh pB wecc rdmukd tbd rdaktejh ratd as wdcc as tbd diiekedhky eh iexatejh. ]bd ljst kjlljh acoace tbat wd usd eh mydehf es Kaustek [jma jr [ecekatd ^rdparatejh ji Acoace ]bd raw Acoace es kjhkdhtratdm at 1;>¾ `ut wd hddm tj bavd ;=¾ kjhkdhtratejh tj akbedvd `dst mydehf. ]j akbedvd tbes mdfrdd ji kjhkdhtratejh wd hddm tj amm 4 F^C ji Kaustek tj ;0¾ kjhkdhtratdm Acoace.
^afd | 9=
^rjkdss ]bd raw secekatd ji apprjx. 4> of es ammdm tj 14>of ji B0J(rjjl tdlpdraturd)
Ei tbd kjhkdhtratejh ji Acoace es ljrd tbah ;0¾ kjhkdhtratejh, Amm dxtra watdr
Ei tbd kjhkdhtratejh ji Acoace es cdss tbd ;0¾ kjhkdhtratejh, Amm [ecekatd
Hjw kbdko tbd tjtac Kjhkdhtratejh Kjhkdhtratejh
Vbdh ;0¾ kjhkdhtratejh ji tjtac wdefbt ji secekatd es ijrldm, Amm 4= F^C Kaustek
Hjw kbdko tbd sjcutejh afaeh
]bd iehac wdefbt ji kjhkdhtratejh wecc `d ;=¾
^afd | 94
Kjcjur
Kjcjurs ard usdm tj fevd spdkeiek sbamd tj tbd ia`rek. ^relary Kjcjurs7 ]bd `asek kjcjurs tbat kah lehfcd wetb dakb jtbdr tj ijrl vast hul`dr ji kjcjurs ]bdrd ard tbrdd prelary kjcjurs7 Pdm, Udccjw ahm @cud ^rd-^rdparatjry ^rjkdss ]dar tbd wdefbehf Kjhtaehdr
Kbdko acc tbd avaeca`cd kjcjurs
Vdefb tbd kjcjur tbat bas cdast quahtety ierst prjkddmdm `y tbd kjcjur wetb laxelul quahtety [alpcd ^astd ^rdparatejh Kjcjur pastd es ijrldm `y lexehf kjcjur ahm watdr eh tbd ratej 171>
[tart [tddrehf
^astd es ijrldm Carfd Yjculd ^rdparatejh ]aod kjcjur ahm watdr eh tbd taho eh tbd ratej 171> wbdrd tbd watdr es at hjrlac rjjl tdlpdraturd
Amm acc tbd kjcjurs ahm kbdlekacs sukb as wdttehf afdht, mespdrsehf afdht dtk.
Iehaccy wbdh tbd rdquerdm aljuht ji vjculd es j`taehdm, [tart [tddrehf
Iehac Myd [jcutejh es ijrldm
^afd | 99
Mydehf eh Gaya [brdd ]dxtecds Mydehf ji cehdh es mjhd eh tbd Gaya [brdd ]dxtecds eh twj ijrls7
Uarh Mydehf
^edkd Mydehf
Uarh Mydehf ]bd prjkdss ji appcyehf mdserdm kjcjur tj tbd spuh yarh es tdrldm as yarh mydehf. Iddm7 Thmydm yarh Mdcevdry7 Mydm Uarh Uarh Mydehf kah `d katdfjresdm ehtj twj ijrls
^akoafd Mydehf
Baho Mydehf
^edkd Mydehf ]bd prjkdss ji appcyehf mdserdm sbamd tj tbd PIM (Pdamy Ijr Mydehf) ia`rek es tdrldm as pedkd mydehf. Iddm7 PIM (rdamy Ijr Mydehf) Ia`rek Mdcevdry7 Mydm Ia`rek ^edkd mydehf kah `d katdfjresdm ehtj tbrdd ijrls7
^am-@atkb Mydehf(Dxbaust Mydehf)
[dle-Kjhtehujus Mydehf
Kjhtehujus Mydehf
^afd | 96
Uarh Mydehf [efheiekahkd ji Uarh Mydehf
]j fevd spdkeiek kjcjurs tj tbd yarhs
]j krdatd ehtdrdstehf kbdkos, strepds ahm pcaems
]j bdcp mydstuii tj pdhdtratd tj tbd ie`drs eh tbd kjrd ji yarh
Uarh mydm ia`reks ard usuaccy mddpdr ahm rekbdr eh kjcjur
Myds usdm eh tbd Ehmustry
Pdaktevd Myds
Yat Myds
Ca` Aktevety
[bamd Mdvdcjpldht
Eh -^rjkdss sbamd latkbehf
Quacety ]dstehf (iasthdss)
]bdrd ard twj ijrls ji yarh mydehf mjhd eh tbd ehmustry
^akoafd Mydehf
Baho Mydehf
Uarh Mydehf Aumet Pdpjrt
Matd7 04/>4/0>19 ]arfdt B]B^ ^rjmuktejh-of 95=4
Maecy
Tpmt
6;;6
26;0
Bahms/1>>of
10>
116
11>
EH].Kust.Kjlpcaeh
>
>
>
(]bd wbjcd systdl es kjlputdresdm ahm kjlpcdtd mata`asd es laehtaehdm)
^afd | 92
^akoafd Mydehf Vbat es B]B^ ^akoafd Mydehf:
Mydehf ldtbjm wetb Befb tdlpdraturd ahm Befb ^rdssurd eh tbd ijrl ji pakoafds ji ahy tdxtecd su`stratd eh a prdssurd vdssdc es kaccdm kaccdm as B]B^ ^akoafd Mydehf. ^akoafds kjlds eh twj oehm, detbdr kycehmrekac jr kjhekac. ^rjkdss Icjw Kbart ji ^akoafd Mydehf ^rjkdss ji Uarh
Frdy Pdkdept
Cjamehf ehtj Karredrs
Mydehf ji B]B^
Thcjamehf irjl Karredrs
Bymrj Dxtraktejh
Pamej Irdqudhky Mryehf
^akoafehf ji Mydm Uarhs
^afd | 95
Lakbehds dlpcjydm ijr ^akoafd Mydehf
Macacs Mydehf Lakbehd
Cjrres @dccehe Mydehf Lakbehd
Ijhf―s Mydehf Lakbehd
Bymrj Dxtraktejh Lakbehd
Pamej Irdqudhky Mredr
Cjrres @dccehe Mydehf Lakbehd
Ijhf's Mydehf Lakbehd
[J^ ji Macacs Mydehf Lakbehd
]jtac hj ji lakbehds79 (Vjjc Mydehf) Kapaketeds79>of/;>>of Jutsemd-Eh Icjw [kbdlatek Meafral
^afd | 6>
[J^ ji Cjrres @dccehe Mydehf Lakbehd
]jtac hj ji lakbehds7 6 (Vjjc Mydehf) + 4 (Uarh Mydehf) < 10 Kapaketeds7 19>of/02>of/;9>of Cjrres @dccehe Mydehf Lakbehd Meafral
^afd | 61
[J^ Ijhf―s Mydehf Lakbehd
]jtac hj ji lakbehds7 6 (Uarh Mydehf) Kapaketeds7 =>of/60of/125of Ijhf―s Mydehf Lakbehd Meafral
^afd | 60
[J^ Bymrj Dxtraktejh Lakbehd
Lahuiakturdr7 Kdhtreiufd @drta P^L7 1=6>kykcds Kapakety7 19>of ^jwdr7 19ow Lakbehd es usdm ijr rdljvehf dxkdss watdr `y kdhtreiufac dxtraktejh. A`jut 94% ji watdr es rdljvdm `y tbes prjkdss. ]bd lakbehd es ceod a rjuhm `asodt lamd ji stddc. ]bdrd ard lahy bjcds at tbd `asd ji tbd lakbehd. Et es ljvda`cd ljvda`cd tbat ljvds ahm tbd watdr es rdljvdm rdljvdm `y kdhtreiufac attraktejh. Dxtraktdm watdr es mraehdm tbrjufb tbd bjcds.
[J^ ji Pamej Irdqudhky Mredr
PI Mryehf bdcps eh tbd mryehf ji tbd wdt yarhs tbat ard mydm m ydm . PI mrydr es tbd lakbehd usdm tj karry jut tbd prjkdss. Iddm7 Vdt mydm yarh Mdcevdry7 Mredm mydm yarhs Lakbehd Tsdm7 Ljhfa [trayiedcm PI Mredr Hj ji Lakbehds7 0 Kjhsests ji tbd ijccjwehf kjlpjhdhts7 v. ve. vee. veee.
Pamej Irdqudhky Mredr Kjhvdyjr `dct Kjhtrjc pahdc @ako semd kjhvdyjr `dct ]bdrd ard tjtac ;> kbal`drs ahm at a teld 15==> spehmcds kah `d mredm.
]bd rdlaehehf watdr eh tbd kjhds es rdljvdm `y passehf et tbrjufb tbd kbal`dr ji PI Mredr. ]bd kjhds ard odpt jh a ljvehf `dct eh tbd kbal`dr. ]bd teld es amgustdm `y ehkrdasehf/mdkrdasehf tbd spddm ji tbd ljvehf `dct eh tbd kbal`dr A wdt prjmukt su`lettdm tj a Pamej Irdqudhky (PI) iedcm a`sjr`s tbd dcdktrjlafhdtek dhdrfy sj tbat ets ehtdrhac tdlpdraturd ehkrdasds. Ei a suiiekedht aljuht ji dhdrfy es suppcedm, tbd watdr es kjhvdrtdm ehtj stdal, wbekb cdavds tbd prjmukt, tbat es tj say tbd wdt prjmukt fdts mredm. ^afd | 6;
Amvahtafds7
Theijrl mryehf at cjw tdlpdraturd wbdrd jhcy tbd bulem parts ard bdatdm
Dhdrfy [avehf (1.0 of watdr pdr oV/br befb irdqudhky pjwdr)
Elprjvdm ie`dr quacety ahm iasthdss
Pdsemuac bulemety kjhtrjccdm wetbeh 1%
Kjhstaht ahm rdpdata`cd mryehf cdvdc
[pakd savehf ahm teld savehf
Ehstaht kjhtrjcs ahm amgustldhts
^afd | 6=
Baho Mydehf Et es acsj ohjwh as [odeh Mydehf wbdrd tbd spuh yarhs ard lamd ehtj bahos jr sodeh `dijrd mydehf.]bd bahos jr sodehs ard cjjsdcy wjuhmdm pakoafds ji yarhs. Mud tj tbes cjjsdhdss, myd pdhdtratejh eh baho mydehf `dkjlds dxkdccdht. ]bd sodehs ard buhf jvdr a rehf ahm elldrsdm eh a myd`atb eh a carfd kjhtaehdr. Aitdr tbd kjlpecatejh ji tbd mydehf prjkdss, tbd yarhs ard rd-wjuhmdm eh spjjcs. ]bes es tbd ljst kjstcy ijrl ji mydehf. ]bd kjcjur pdhdtratejh es `dst ahm tbd yarhs acsj rdtaeh a sjitdr ahm cjitedr bahm.
Lakbehds dlpcjydm ijr Baho Mydehf
Kjhd tj Baho Pddcehf Et es a lakbehd tbat kjhvdrts Kjhds tbat ard carfd spjjcs ji yarhs ehtj cjjsdcy wjuhmdm bahos wbekb ard tbdh sdhm tj mydehf lakbehd. Baho Mydehf Lakbehd [J^ ji Baho Mydehf Lakbehd Lahuiakturdr7 Icaehjx (Etacy) Udar7 0>>5 Kapakety7 ;>of ]jtac Hj ji Lakbehds7 = ji ;>of/1 ji 0of/0 ji 9>of ahm 1 ji ;>>of Et es tbd lakbehd tbat myds tbd bahos ji yarhs. [quddzdr [J^ ji [quddzdr Lahuiakturdr7 Lehldtte (Etacy) Udar7 0>>6 Kapakety7 1 steko/4 sdk ]jtac Hj. Ji lakbehds7 0 Et es a lakbehd tbat squddzds jut tbd watdr irjl tbd bahos aitdr et bas `ddh mydm.
^afd | 64
[J^ ji Pamej Irdqudhky Mredr
PI Mryehf bdcps eh tbd mryehf ji tbd wdt yarhs tbat ard mydm. m ydm. PI mrydr es tbd lakbehd usdm tj karry jut tbd prjkdss. Iddm7 Vdt mydm yarh Mdcevdry7 Mredm mydm yarhs
Lakbehd Tsdm7 Ljhfa [trayiedcm PI Mredr Hj ji Lakbehds7 0 Kjhsests ji tbd ijccjwehf kjlpjhdhts7 e. ee. eee. ev.
Kjhvdyjr `dct Pamej Irdqudhky Mredr Kjhtrjc pahdc @ako semd kjhvdyjr `dct ]bdrd ard tjtac ;> kbal`drs ahm at a teld 15==> spehmcds kah `d mredm.
]bd rdlaehehf watdr eh tbd kjhds es rdljvdm `y passehf et tbrjufb tbd kbal`dr ji PI Mredr. ]bd kjhds ard odpt jh a ljvehf `dct eh tbd kbal`dr. ]bd teld es amgustdm `y ehkrdasehf/mdkrdasehf tbd spddm ji tbd ljvehf `dct eh tbd kbal`dr A wdt prjmukt su`lettdm tj a Pamej Irdqudhky (PI) iedcm a`sjr`s tbd dcdktrjlafhdtek dhdrfy sj tbat ets ehtdrhac tdlpdraturd ehkrdasds. Ei a suiiekedht aljuht ji dhdrfy es suppcedm, tbd watdr es kjhvdrtdm ehtj stdal, wbekb cdavds tbd prjmukt, tbat es tj say tbd wdt prjmukt fdts mredm. Amvahtafds7
Theijrl mryehf at cjw tdlpdraturd wbdrd jhcy tbd bulem parts ard bdatdm
Dhdrfy [avehf (1.0 of watdr pdr oV/br befb irdqudhky pjwdr)
Elprjvdm ie`dr quacety ahm iasthdss
Pdsemuac bulemety kjhtrjccdm wetbeh 1%
Kjhstaht ahm rdpdata`cd mryehf cdvdc
[pakd savehf ahm teld savehf
Ehstaht kjhtrjcs ahm amgustldhts
Baho tj Kjhd Pddcehf Et es tbd lakbehd tbat kjhvdrts tbd bahos `ako tj tbd kjhds ji yarhs ahm tbdh et es pakodm. ^afd | 69
^rjkdss Icjw Kbart ji Baho Mydehf ^rjkdss ji Uarh
Frdy jr `cdakbdm yarh ehtj tbd ijrl ji kjhd
Krddcehf ji kjhd ehtj baho ijrl
Cjamehf ji baho eh tbd karredr
Mydehf eh tbd mydehf lakbehd
[quddzehf eh tbd squddzdr lakbehd
Mryehf eh tbd mryehf lakbehd
Kjhvdrsejh ji baho ehtj tbd kjhd
^akoafehf ji Mydm Uarhs
^afd | 66
^edkd Mydehf [efheiekahkd ji ^edkd Mydehf
]j fevd spdkeiek sbamd tj tbd ia`rek
]j bdcp mydstuii tj ijrl `jhm wetb tbd ie`drs ji ia`rek
]j prjvemd custrd tj tbd ia`rek
Myds usdm eh tbd Ehmustry
Pdaktevd Myds7 eh a rdaktevd myd myd a kbrjljpbjrd kjhtaehs a su`stetudht tbat es aktevatdm ahm accjwdm tj merdktcy rdakt tj tbd suriakd ji tbd su`stratd. Pdaktevd myds bavd fjjm iasthdss prjpdrteds jwehf tj tbd `jhmehf tbat jkkurs murehf mydehf. Pdaktevd Pdaktevd myds ard ljst kjlljhcy usdm eh mydehf ji kdccucjsd ceod kjttjh jr icax.
Ca` Aktevety
[bamd Mdvdcjpldht
Eh -^rjkdss sbamd latkbehf
Quacety ]dstehf (iasthdss)
Lakbehds at Ca` ijr Mydehf ]dsts
Kjcjur Kbdkoehf @jjtb Ehstruldht Hald7 Latbes ^ammdr [pddm7 0.4l/leh ^rdssurd7 4@ar ^urpjsd7 [alpcd pammehf @dijrd mydehf ji a `atkb, a salpcd es mydm ijr MCK (Me cequjr kjhierlatejh sj tbat tbd sald sbamd kjlds wbdh tbd `atkb es mydm. Cauhmdrjldtdr (ijr iasthdss tdstehf mud tj wasbehf)
[pdktrjldtdr (ijr iasthdss mud tj cefbt)
Ijrls ji mydehf prjkdss mjhd eh tbd ehmustry
^am-@atkb Mydehf (Dxbaust Mydehf)
[dle-Kjhtehujus Mydehf
Kjhtehujus Mydehf (*hjt praktesdm eh tbd ehmustry)
^afd | 62
^edkd Mydehf Aumet Pdpjrt
Matd7 02/>4/0>19 @umfdt
]jmay
Tpmt
Ia`rek Mdcevdry (ltr)
649>>>
0>961
=4;;1;
Lahpjwdr
0;6
011
0;5
>
>
EH].Kust.Kjlpcaeh >
(*]bd wbjcd systdl es kjlputdresdm ahm kjlpcdtd mata`asd es laehtaehdm)
^afd | 65
^am-@atkb Mydehf (Dxbaust Mydehf) @atkb mydehf es tbd ljst pjpucar ahm kjlljh ldtbjm usdm ijr mydehf ji tdxtecd latdreacs. Et es jitdh rdidrrdm tj as Dxbaust Mydehf. Yacua`cd iaktjrs eh rdaktevd Dxbaust Mydehf wetb rdaktevd myds ]dlpdraturd7 A befbdr tdlpdraturd eh mydehf wetb rdaktevd myds rdsucts eh befbdr ratd ji mydehf, Cjwdr kjcjur yedcm, @dttdr myd pdhdtratejh, Papem meiiusejh, ahm cjwdr susteahevety. pB7 pB ehicudhkds tbd prelary setd ji rdaktejh jh tbd ia`rek, @dst mydehf ratd es akbedvdm at pB ji11-10. Iurtbdr ehkrdasd eh pB wecc rdmukd tbd rdaktejh ratd as wdcc as tbd diiekedhky eh iexatejh. Dcdktrjcytd7 Dcdktrjcytd ehkrdasds tbd ratd ahm dxtdht ji dxbaustejh, Dcdktrjcytd ehkrdasds tbd myd affrdfatejh. Dcdktrjcytd mdkrdasds tbd meiiusejh. Cequjr tj latdreac ratej7 Amvahtafds ji cjwdr cequjr ratej, befbdr kjcjur strdhftb ahm befbdr dxbaustejh.
Lakbehds dlpcjydm ijr ^am-@atkb Mydehf
Gef Mydehf Lakbehd
Gdt Mydehf Lakbehd
Gef Mydehf [J^ ji Gef Mydehf Lakbehd
Lahuiakturdr7 ^akeiek Baresb Ehmustreds Vatdr Kapakety7 4>>of Lax. ]dlpdraturd7 52¾K
Gul`j Geffdr Et es tbd jcm ijrl geffdr lakbehd acsj ohjwh as Jpdh Geffdr wbdrd tbd quahtety ji watdr/stdal/ spddm kjhtrjc es mjhd lahuaccy `y tbd jpdratjr. ]jtac hj. ji lakbehd7 0
^afd | 2>
]bdrd ard twj typds ji Gef Mydehf lakbehds eh tbd ehmustry
^akeiek Geffdr Et es tbd ljmdrh ijrl ji geffdr acsj ohjwh as Kcjsd Geffdr tbat bas a tjukb pam irjl wbdrd tbd jpdratjr kah taod tbd prdskre`dm quahtety ji watdr/stdal/kjhtrjccehf ji spddm eh jhd tjukb. ]jtac hj. ji lakbehd7 = ^akeiek Geffdr Mydehf Lakbehd
Geffdr Mydehf Lakbehd Meafral
^afd | 21
^rjkdss Icjw Kbart ji Gef Mydehf
Kcdahehf ji @atb rjcc
Varl Vasb (0 rjuhms)
Cdamehf kcjtb es gjehdm tj tbd iddmehf rjccdr
Lahuaccy passdm tj tbd iddmehf rjccdr
Kjcjur Vasb
[act Vasb
(0 rjuhms)
(0 rjuhms)
Kjcm wasb
Akem Vasb at 9>¾K
^edkd Kut
[japehf
Bjt Vasb
Kjcm Vasb
(0rjuhms)
(0 rjuhms)
(0 rjuhms)
Vrappdm wetb pcastek sbddt
Ia`rek es uhcjamdm tj tbd @atkb Pjccdr
Hdutracezatejh (`y KB;KJJB)
(9 rjuhms)
[jcem Vasb at 9>®K
(]bd `asek amvahtafd ji Gef Mydehf jvdr K^@ Mydehf es tbat [tddpehf kah `d mjhd eh ia`rek sj tbat tbd icaws kah `d rdljvdm ahm et kah `d rd-mydm)
^afd | 20
[J^ ji Gdt Mydehf Lakbehd (*hjt eh wjroehf statd)
Lahuiakturdr7 [wesb iem ^vt.Ctm Udar ji Lahuiakturehf7 1550 Cjamehf Kapakety7 14>of Cequjr eh @atb7 6>>ctr Lax. ]dlpdraturd7 1=>¾K Lax. ^rdssurd7 4ob/kl° Mealdtdr ji Gdt Hjzzcd7 0ll ([uetehf) ahm 1.4ll ([bertehf) ]jtac Hj. ji lakbehds7 1
^afd | 2;
[dle-Kjhtehujus Mydehf (Dxbaust Mydehf) [dle Kjhtehujus Mydehf es acsj ohjwh as pam `atkb mydehf. [ukb ijrl ji mydehf es a`cd tj myd ia`rek cdhftb ji 1>>>-0>>>l at dkjhjlek kjst. Eh tbd prjkdss ji sdle-kjhtehujus mydehf tbat kjhsests ji pam-`atkb, pam rjcc wbdrd tbd ia`rek es ierst elprdfhatdm wetb tbd myd cequjr eh, wbekb es kaccdm a pammehf kbal`dr. Eh tbd pam-rjcc tbes trdatldht trdatldht es mjhd at cjw tdlpdraturd tdlpdraturd `y dlpcjyehf kjjcehf kbal`dr. ]bes bdcps eh iexatejh ji myds jh tbd ie`rd. Lakbehds dlpcjydm ijr [dle-Kjhtehujus Mydehf7 [J^ ji Oustdrs Kjcm ^am @atkb Mydehf Lakbehd (K^@)
Lahuiakturdr7 Oustdrs Kacekj Lakbehdry Ctm. Fugarat
Udar ji Lahuiakturehf7 0>>6
]brdamehf Cdhftb7 1>l
Pjccdr Vemtb7 0>>>ll
Vjroehf Vemtb7 12>>ll
[quddzd Pjcc Barmhdss7 9>¾ sbjr
]rjufb Kapakety7 4>ctr
Lax. Aer ^rdssurd7 ;.5`ar
Lax. Jec ^rdssurd7 ;.0`ar Oustdrs Kjcm ^am @atkb Mydehf Lakbehd
]bdrd ard twj typds ji Oustdrs Kjcm ^am @atkb Mydehf Lakbehd eh tbd ehmustry7
Oustdrs Kjcm ^am @atkb Mydehf Lakbehd (Autjlatek) Et es tbd ljmdrh ijrl ji K^@ lakbehd tbat bas a tjukb pam irjl wbdrd tbd jpdratjr kah taod tbd prdskre`dm quahtety ji watdr/myd + kbdlekac ratej/kjhtrjccehf ji spddm eh jhd tjukb. ]jtac hj. ji lakbehd7 1 Oustdrs Kjcm ^am @atkb Mydehf Lakbehd (Lahuaccy Jpdratdm) Et es tbd jcm ijrl K^@ lakbehd wbdrd tbd quahtety ji watdr/myd + kbdlekac ratej/ spddm kjhtrjc es mjhd lahuaccy `y tbd jpdratjr. ]jtac hj. ji lakbehd7 0
^afd | 2=
^rjkdss Icjw Kbart ji Kjcm ^am @atkb Mydehf7
Kcdahehf ji ]rjufb
[tetkbehf ji cdamdr Kcjtb tj tbd PMI ia`rek
Lakbehd [tarts
Mydehf [jcutejh ^rdparatejh ahm tdst
Cdamehf kcjtb es rjccdm jvdr iddmehf rjccdr ahm tbd kcjtb es kut.
Hjw tbd iddmehf `atkb Pjccdr es wrappdm wetb
Hjw tbd Mydm Ia`rek bas tj `d rjccdm jvdr iddmehf
Pjtatejhac iexatejh prjkdss ji 10 brs.
]bd iddmehf `atkb es tbdh wrappdm wetb pcastek sbddt
Kjlpcdtejh ji Mydehf
Iehesbehf
[dtup Cayjut ji Oustdrs Kjcm ^am @atkb Lakbehd
^afd | 24
Iehesbehf Lahuiakturehf Cehdh ]dxtecds eh Gaya [brdd ]dxtecds, iehesbehf rdidrs tj tbd prjkdssds tbat kjhvdrt tbd wjvdh kcjtb ehtj a usa`cd latdreac ahm ljrd spdkeiekaccy tj ahy prjkdss pdrijrldm aitdr mydehf tbd ia`rek tj elprjvd tbd cjjo, pdrijrlahkd, jr "bahm" (iddc) ji tbd iehesbdm tdxtecd.
^rjkdss Icjw Kbart ji Iehesbehf Ehput Mydm Ia`rek
@cdakbdm Ia`rek
Iehesbehf jh [tdhtdr Lakbehd
Kacdhmdrehf
Hj Kacdhmdrehf
[ahijrezehf
Ijcmehf ahm Ca`jratjry ]dstehf
^afd | 29
[tdhtdr Lakbehd Et es a lakbehd usdm tj elpart kbdlekac iehesb tj ia`rek. ]bd purpjsd ji tbd stdhtdr lakbehd es tj `rehf tbd cdhftb ahm wemtb tj prd mdtdrlehdm meldhsejhs ahm acsj ijr bdat sdttehf ahm et es usdm ijr appcyehf iehesbehf kbdlekacs ahm acsj sbamd vareatejh es amgustdm. Laeh j`gdktevds j`gdktevds ji stdhtdr lakbehd lakbehd ard7 mryehf, iehesbehf, bdat sdttehf ahm kurehf. ]bdrd ard ; Baresb [tdhtdr Lakbehds wbekb bavd tbd sald wjroehf.
[J^ ji [tdhtdr Lakbehd
Hald7 Baresb stdhtdr 9> B,^EH Ljmdc7 M1x1 Udar ji Lahuiakturehf7 0>>4 Hj. ji Bdatehf Kbal`drs7 9 Hj. ji Pameatjrs7 = eh dakb kbal`drs kbal`drs Laxelul ]dlpdraturd7 12> ¾K [tahmarm ]dlpdraturd7 19> ‛ 19> ‛ 16> 16> ¾ K @cjwdr Iah [pddm7 1>> rpl Lahfcd7 0 ME^ & 0 HE^ Laxelul HE^ ^rdssurd7 9 of/kl0 Vjroa`cd HE^ ^rdssurd7 = of/kl0 Vjroa`cd Vemtb7 12> kl ]brdamehf Cdhftb7 14> l ]rjufb Kapakety7 14> C [tahmarm Jvdriddm7 = % Kjlpjhdhts ji Lakbehd
1. ]rjufb-kbdlekac es cjamdm jh tbd ]rjufb. 0. ^ammehf lahfcd-squddzds jut dxtra aljuht ji kbdlekac,cdavehf jhcy tbd rdquerdm aljuht ji kbdlekac ehsemd tbd ia`rek.Hj mwdcc teld rdquerdm.(stm lahfcd prdssurd-0.4of) ;. @eahkj-ijr bdam sdttehf e.d, oddp tbd warps vdrtekaccy straefbt eh jhd merdktejh.
^afd | 26
=. jvdriddm rjcc-sbrehoafd sdttehf 4. ^ehhehf ta`cd-]j oddp tbd wemtb uheijrl. 9. Kaldra-ljvds cdit ahm refbt akkjrmehf tj tbd elafd ji sdcvdmfd jh et. 6. Thkurcdr-rdljvds tbd kurcehf ji sdcvdmfd ji ia`rek 2. Bdat kbal`dr-tj mry tbd ia`rek.]bdrd ard 9 bdat kbal`drs dakb wetb tbd stahmarm tdlpdraturd ji 14>⁾ K. 5. Mdtdktjr ahm acarl-]j mdtdkt ahy a`hjrlaceteds eh tdhsejh,cjam jr prdsdhkd ji mert ahm rehf acarl tj ehijrl tbd jpdratjr ijr elldmeatd aktejh. 1>. ^cattdr arda-jutput zjhd 11. Aer `cjwdr-ijr kcdahehf.
Vjroehf ^rjkdss
]bd ia`rek es kjccdktdm irjl tbd `atkbdr tj tbd skray ahm tbdh et es passdm tbrjufb tbd pammdrs wbdrd tbd iehesbds ard appcedm ahm sjld telds sbamd vareatejh es kjrrdktdm.]bd ia`rek es dhtdrdm ehtj tbd labcj (wdit straefthdr) tbd iuhktejh ji tbd labcj es tj sdt tbd `jw ahm acsj wdavd ji tbd ia`rek es frepdm `y tbd kceps ahm pehs ard acsj prjvemdm `ut tbd pehs bas a mesamvahtafd tbat tbdy pehs laod bjcds b jcds at tbd sdcvdmfd s dcvdmfd `ut tbd strdtkbhehf ji tbd pehs ard a rd frdatdr tbah tbd kceps.tbdsd kceps ahm pehs ard gjehdm tj dhmcdss kbaeh.tbdrd ard 2 tj 1> kbal`drs prjvemdm jh tbd lakbehd dakb kbal`dr kjhtaehs a `urhdr ahm iectdrs ard prjvemdm tj sdparatd must irjl aer.tbd kerkucatehf iahs `cjw aer irjl tbd `asd tj tbd uppdr semd ahm dxbaust iahs sukos acc tbd bjt aer wetbeh tbd kbal`drs. Attraktejh rjccdrs ar prjvemdm tj strdtkb tbd warp yarh. Aitdr stdhtdrehf wd kah ehkrdasd tbd wemtb ji tbd ia`rek up tj 1.4-0 ehkb. ]bd spddm ji tbd lakbehd es a`jut 6-14> l/leh.; ldtdrs ia`rek kah ruh eh dakb kbal`dr.
^afd | 22
[tdhtdr Lakbehd Meafral
^afd | 25
Jpdratehf ^rjkdss
Mdcevdry ji wdt ia`rek rjccs kjvdrdm wetb pcastek sbddts ahm tekodtdm as ‘‚Ijr Iehesb‚irjl `cdakbehf ahm mydehf mdpartldht. [updrvesjr fevds tbd kbdlekac rdkepd akkjrmehf tj tbd rjcc hul`dr eh tbd prjfralld `jjo. @ukodts ahm kbdlekac tahos ard kcdahdm ahm tbdh kbdlekacs ard prdpardm as pdr tbd fevdh rdkepd.
Kbdkopjeht- Vdefbehf ji kbdlekacs kbdkodm `y tbd supdrvesjr rahmjlcy.
Jpdratjrs rd jpdh tbd pcastek sbddts ahm ehput tbd rjccs ji ia`rek.
Kbdlekac sbeitehf irjl kbdlekac taho tj ]ruii.
^araldtdr sdttehf( df tdlpdraturd, prdssurd, wemtb dtk ) `y tbd jpdratjr.
Lakbehd es ruh. Kbdkopjehts7 j j j
j
j
autjlatek celet( cdit, refbt) akkjrmehf tj tbd wemtb ji ia`rek. Bdat kbal`dr hdt kcdahdm rdfucarcy ijr dvdh bdatehf/mryehf. @rusbds kbahfdm twekd a may `asdm jh tbd mdpjsetejh ji yarh jh tbdl. Ei ia`rek bas cjjsd tbrdams jh tbd suriakd,uhkurcdr es swetkbdm jh. Lakbehd stjppdm elldmeatdcy jh tbd rehfehf ji acarl wbekb lay `d mud tj rjcc kbahfd,ieccehf ji kbdlekac eh truii dtk. dtk.
^catdrlah kbdkos tbd ia`rek jh jutput semd. Kbdkopjehts7 j
Eh kasd ji ahy mdidkt jr hjh kjhijrlahkd tj quacety,et sbjucm `d elldmeatdcy ehijrldm tj tbd supdrvesjr.(hjt ijccjwdm)
Jutput rjccs ard afaeh kjvdrdm wetb pcastek sbddts ahm tekodtdm as ‘ijr kacdhmdr‚‚ jr ‘ijr zdrj.“
^afd | 5>
Kacdhmdrehf Et es tbd prjkdss usdm tj elpart kbdlekac iehesb tj ia`rek usehf irektejhac ijrkd `dtwddh kacdhmar rjccs. ]bdrd es jhd ; `jwc kacdhmar lakbehd. ]bd laeh j`gdktevds ji kacdhmarehf ard7]j upframd tbd ia`rek bahm ahm tj elpart a sljjtb secoy tjukb tj tbd ia`rek, elprjvd tbd jpakety ji ftbd ia`rek, kjlprdss tbd ia`rek ahm rdmukd ets tbekohdss, tbekohdss, elpart meiidrdht mdfrdd ji custdr tj tbd ia`rek, rdmukd yarh sceppafd. [J^ ji Kacdhmdrehf Lakbehd
Hald7 Paleskb Fuarhdre Udar ji Lahuiakturehf7 0>>6 Vjroehf Vemtb7 14>l ]brdamehf Cdhftb71>l [tahmarm [pddm7 4>ltr/leh [tahmarm ]dlpdraturd1>>⁾K Laxelul ^rdssurd7 14>⁾K [tahmarm ^rdssurd7 0>>H/l Laxelul ^rdssurd7 ;4>H/l Kjlpjhdhts ji Lakbehd
1. Ldtac mdtdktjr7 Mdtdkts tbd prdsdhkd ji ldtac jh tbd suriakd ji ia`rek ahm rehfs acarl. 0. [dal mdtdktjr7 Mdtdkts prdsdhkd ji stetkb eh tbd ia`rek eh sald rjcc ahm rehfs acarl. ^rdssurd tbdh mrjps tj > tecc tbd stetkbdm part es rjccdm jh tbd jutput rjccdr ahm tbdh rdsulds wetb 0>> H. ;. Kacdhmdr Pjccs7 -@jttjl rjccdr lamd ji kjttjh7 ijr sjit iehesb tbd ia`rek es passdm tbrjufb kjttjh `jwc. ]bes rjccdr es lamd up ji kjttjh. -lem rjccdr lamd ji ie`rd7 ]j avjem sdcvdmfd jvdrcappehf jh `atkbdr. -tjp rjccdr lamd ji stddc tbrjufb wbekb stdal es appcedm tj ia`rek7 ]j fevd sljjtbhdss ahm custdr. ]bd tdlpdraturd es prjvemdm tj stddc rjccdr a`jut ;00>> k wetb bdcp ji dcdktrek bdatdr as wd ehkrdasd tbd tdlpdraturd sbehehf wecc ehkrdasds jhcy usdm ijr kjttjh KYK ahm pdrkacd ahm ^K. ^afd | 51
=. Kjjcehf mrul7 Kjjc mjwh tbd ia`rek watdr kerkucatds ehsemd tbd kjjcehf mrul. 4. Alpdrjldtdr7 sbjws tbd kurrdht kjhsulptejh ji lakbehd.(hjt wjroehf) 9. Fuemd rjccdrs fuemd tbd ia`rek tbrjufb tbd lakbehd. *=>>>-4>>> l ia`rek ehput at a teld *2-5 alpdrd kurrdht utecezdm. Kacdhmdrehf Lakbehd
Jpdratehf ^rjkdss
Mdcevdry ji ia`rek rjccs wrappdm eh pcastek sbddt ahm tekodtdm as ‘ijr kacdhmdr ‚‚ ‚‚ irjl stdhtdr lakbehd. ^castek sbddts uhwrappdm ahm ehput rjcc cjamdm lahuaccy. Kbdkopjehtrjccs ard cjamdm sukb tbat iakd semd ji ia`rek es eh kjhtakt wetb kacdhmdr rjccdrs ijr sjitdr bahm ahm ljrd custurd.
Lakbehd es ruh appcyehf dhtrahkd `raoehf prdssurd ji 04 `ar.
0>> H kacdhmdr prdssurd appcedm jh ia`rek.
A stahmarm spddm es laehtaehdm tbdrdaitdr. ]bdjrdtekac stm spddm4>ltr/leh.spddm usdm 6>ltr/leh. Kbdkopjehts- Eh kasd lakbehd stjps mud tj prdsdhkd ji ldtac mdtdktdm, et lust `d rdljvdm elldmeatdcy. -Mert ijuhm jh rjccdrs murehf tbd prjkdss ard rdljvd lahuaccy tbdrd ahm tbdh. -Pjccdrs kcdahdm wetb watdr aitdr kjlpcdtejh ji rjccs jr akkjrmehf tj tbd rjcc tj `d usdm hdxt(wbetd mydm ia`rek). -Eh kasd ji ahy mdidkt jh tbd jutput rjcc, et lust `d elldmeatdcy ehijrldm tj tbd supdrvesjr(hjt ijccjwdm).
Jh kjlpcdtejh ji rjcc, et es wrappdm wetb pcastek sbddt ahm tekodtdm as ‘‚ijr zdrj zdrj‚‚.
^afd | 50
Kacdhmdrehf Lakbehd Meafral
^afd | 5;
Wdrj Wdrj Tsdm tj elpart prd mdtdrlehdm sbrehoafd tj ia`rek tj rdmukd tbd prjfrdssevd sbrehoafd murehf ets wdar.]bdrd ard 0 icdxa kjlpakta lakbehds. Eh sahijrezehf prjkdss sbrehoafd es akbedvdm `y passehf tbd kjttjh ia`rek jhtj jhtj a ljva`cd dcastek idct `cahodt es rdcdasdm et assulds a sbjrtdhdm kjhmetejhac. ]bus tbd kjttjh ia`rek es ijrkdm tj kjhijrl tbes kjlprdssejh. ]bd sbrehoafd aljuht ji ia`rek es mdpdhmdht jh7 ]bd haturd ji ie`drs ]bd kbaraktdr ji tbrdams ]bd way ji ehtdrcakehf ji tbrdam eh tbd ia`rek. Krelp eh yarh. Kykcd ji wasbehf hj. ji wasbehf.
[J^ ji Lakbehd
Hald7 [pdrdttj Peldr Udar ji Lakturehf7 0>>6 [tahmarm [pddm7 ;>ltr/leh Pu``dr ]bekohdss7 94-=>ll [tahmarm Pu``dr @cahodt ]dlpdraturd7 104-1;>⁾K [tahmarm Vjjcdh Idct ]dlpdraturd7 1;>-1=>⁾ K Aer ^rdssurd7 = @ar ]brdamehf Cdhftb7 ;>l
Kjlpjhdhts ji Lakbehd
1. Mespcay `jarm-wetb ehijrlatejh a`jut lakbehd ahm ijr sdttehf paraldtdrs as sbrehoafd, tdlpdraturd dtk. 0. Kjrhej-]j rdljvd `jwehf/sodwehf ji ia`rek. ;. ^jrjus ldtac rjccdr wrappdm wetb wjjcdh idct.stdal ijrkdm tj ia`rek tbrjufb tbes rjcc. =. Pu``dr rjcc 4. [praydr-tj kjjc ru``dr. ^afd | 5=
9. Bdatdm ldtac rjccdr (1;> ⁾K) tj sdt sbrehoafd. 6. Kjjc ldtac rjccdr ijr ia`rek tj rdcax. 2. Mdtdktjrs ijr uheijrlety eh wemtb iaecehf wbekb lakbehd stjps elldmeatdcy [aidty mdtdktjr- a werd wbekb wbdh puccdm stjps tbd lakbehd elldmeatdcy. 5. Aer pepd ijr kcdahehf. Wdrj Wdrj ([ahijrezehf Lakbehd) Meafral
^afd | 54
Jpdratehf ^rjkdss
j j
j
Mdcevdry ji rjccs wrappdm eh pcastek sbddt stekodtdm as ‘‚ijr zdrj zdrj‚‚ irjl kacdhmdr lakbehd jr stdhtdr lakbehd. Pu``dr `cahodt bdatdm uptj 1;>⁾K. Kbdkopjehts stdal ahm aer prdssurd kbdkodm Barmhdss ji ru``dr kbdkodm ahm frehmdm ei rdquerdm. ]bd rdquerdm sbrehoafd es sdt jh mespcay `jarm akkjrmehf tj ia`rek usdm `y jpdratjrs `asdm jh tbder dxpdredhkd. Kbdkopjehts jutput ia`rek es j`sdrvdm wbdrd tbd sbrehoafd es ljmeiedm ei rdquerdm. Lakbehd kcdahdm usehf aer pepd.
Wdrj Wdrj ([ahijrezehf) Lakbehd
Jh kjlpcdtejh ji prjkdss, rjccs wrappdm eh pcastek sbddts ijr ijcmehf jr tdstehf mdpartldht.
^afd | 59
Ijcmehf Et es tbd prjkdss usdm tj kjhvdrt tbd iehesbdm ia`rek rjccs ehtj jpdh wemtb ijrl. ]bdrd ard 0 ijcmehf lakbehds avaeca`cd at Gaya [brdd ]dxtecds. Jpdratehf ^rjkdss
Ia`rek es mdcevdrdm wrappdm eh pcastek sbddt irjl zdrj zdrj lakbehd. Pjcc es uhwrappdm ahm ia`rek uhwjuhmdm tj kdrtaeh cdhftb ahm tbd rjcc es odpt tj `d rjtatehf scjwcy.
Dhm ji ia`rek iexdm wetb kcalps jh lakbehd `dm.
0 jpdratjrs bjcm tbd ia`rek irjl `jtb semds(wemtbwesd).
Lakbehd es ruh.
Jh kjlpcdtejh ji jhd typd/kjcjr ji ia`rek eh jhd rjcc,lakbehd es stjppdm ahm ia`rek es kut irjl tbd stetkb arda. Kut part sdparatdm jh ahjtbdr trjccdy ahm lakbehd startdm afaeh. Jh kjlpcdtejh ji rjcc.Acc ijcmdm ia`reks ard cjamdm ehmevemuaccy jh jhd trjccdy wbekb ard tbd karredm tj tdstehf mdpartldht.
Kjlpjhdhts ji Lakbehd7
Lakbehd @dm7 Ijcmdm ia`rek rdsts jh tbd lakbehd `dm. Pjms7 tj fuemd ia`rek jh tbd lakbehd `dm. KAL ahm Ijccjwdr7 rjtatd ahm ljvd tbd kcalps kca lps Kcalps7 karry tbd irdd ia`rek irjl jhd dhm tj jtbdr ijcmehf at `jtb tbd dhms.
^afd | 56
Pjtjrlat Et es a lakbehd usdm tj elpart meiidrdht adstbdtek diidkt eh ia`reks ceod kjttjh, cehdh, wjjc ahm tbder `cdhms `y vertud ji ldkbahekac prjkdss e . d, `datehf.Jhcy yarh mydm ia`reks ard su`gdktdm tj ldkbahekac iehesb eh rjtjrlat lakbehd aitdr wasbehf. ]bdrd ard = rjtjrlat lakbehds.
[J^ ji Pjtjrlat Hald7 LA] Md @drtjcme Lamd eh7 Etacy Kapakety7 9 rjpd x 1>>(9>> ltr jr 0>>of) Cequjr7 0>> cet Laxelul ]dlpdraturd7 10>¾K [tahmarm [pddm7 6>> ltr/leh Pjtjrlat Lakbehd
^afd | 52
Quacety Kjhtrjc Quacety kjhtrjc es tbd cast prjkdmurd ahm kah `d mjhd `y tbd bdcp ji varejus pbysekac as wdcc as kbdlekac tdsts tdsts tbat kah bdcp eh mdtdrlehehf mdtdrlehehf wbdtbdr tbd quacety ji tbd ia`reks bavd ldt tbd rdquerdm stahmarms. ]bd Quacety Kjhtrjc at Gaya [brdd ]dxtecds kah `d `redicy katdfjresdm ehtj tbrdd7 a. ^bysekac ca` `. Mydehf Quacety Mdpartldht k. ]dstehf Quacety7 Quacety es tbd dssdhteac kbaraktdr- haturd, ah ehfrdmedht jr mestehfuesbehf attre`utd? prjpdrty, a kbaraktdr traet, supdrejrety ji oehm , mdfrdd ji framd jr dxkdccdhkd. Quacety as mdiehdm `y E[J (Ehtdrhatejhac [tahmarms Jrfahezatejh)7 ]bd tjtacety ji idaturds ahm kbaraktdresteks ji a prjmukt jr sdrvekd tbat `dar jh ets a`ecety tj satesiy statdm jr elpcedm hddms. [jld `asek quacety ^edkd mydm quacety ^rjmukt
Quacety hj.
Pddm
^pe Varp kjuht
Vdit kjuht
Varp wt.
Vdit wt.
F[L @cdh m
Vdavd
hald
I-12>6
I 12>6 Icjra
=2/0
49
9> cda
9> cda
5.16
5.5
119
1>> %ceh dh
pcaeh
I-0>62
I 0>62 Icjra
=2/0
=2
4> cda
4> cda
11
1>.2
105
1>> %ceh dh
pcaeh
Pddm
^pe Varp kjuht
Vdit kjuht
Varp wt.
Vdit wt.
F[L @cdh m
Vdavd
^caeh
Uarh mydm quacety Quacety hj.
^rjmukt hald
I-1=41
I 1=41 Alazjh
==/0
==
=> cda
=> cda
10.91
11.6
1=2
1>> %ceh dh
I-4>>;
I 4>>; Ahha
4>/0
49
1/9> cda
1/9> cda
5.44
5.51
112
pcaeh 1>> %%ce hdh ^afd | 55
Quacety kbdkoehf at meiidrdht stafds Mdpartld ht
Mevesejh
Kbdkoehf
Ldtbjm
Pdspjhse`ecety
[pehhehf quacety kbdkoehf
[pehhehf
[jrtehf ahm `uhkbehf
@uhkb wdefbt
Yesuac kbdkoehf
Kbdkodr
Bakocehf
[cevdr wdefbt
Yesuac kbdkoehf
Kbdkodr
Mrawehf
[dt wdefbt Lahuac kbdkoehf laoehf
Mrawehf
Iehesbdr mrawehf scevdr ahm scevdr strdhftb,lekrj h kbdko
Vrappehf Icax spehhehf lakbehd ahm [QK [updrvesjr `uhmcd strdhftb tdstdr
Pjvehf
Pjvd mdhsety
Ldasurdldht ji [QK [updrvesjr yarms pdr juhkds
[updrvesjr
@cdakbehf @cdakbehf ahm Yjculd tetratejh pcaht `jecehf cjss
[updrvesjr
Pehf irald
Mjii wdefbt
Lahuac kbdkoehf
[updrvesjr
Pehf irald
Uarh wrappehf
Vrappehf [updrvesjr lakbehd ahm wdefbehf skacd
Vehmehf
Pdsemuac iauct
Lahuac wehmdr [updrvesjr wetb kcdahdr
Iehac yarh ^bysekac ehspdktejh paraldtdrs
[tm ldtbjm
Icax [QK [updrvesjr
^afd | 1>>
Uarh mydehf quacety kbdkoehf Mdpartld ht
Mevesejh
Kbdkoehf
Uarh mydehf
Uarh mydehf stjrd
Frdy latdreac Yesuac kbdkoehf ji yarh mydehf kbdkoehf wbetdhdss ehmdx jpdratjr
Uarh mydehf
[bamd kbdkoehf (prelary)
Thmdr stm sjurkd
cefbt yarh mydehf supdrvesjr
Uarh mydehf
[bamd kbdkoehf (sdkjhmary)
Thmdr stm sjurkd
cefbt Mdsefhehf jiiekdr
Uarh mydehf
Vasbehf iasthdss
E[J 699
Ia`rek mydbjusd supdrvesjr
Uarh mydehf
Pu``ehf iasthdss
Hjt mjhd
Hjt mjhd
Uarh mydehf
Mydm yarh ]dhsj rapem strdhftb kbdko
Kdhtrac jpdratjr
Uarh mydehf
Cdvdchdss(; part kbdkoehf)
Yesuac kbdkoehf
Uarh mydehf supdrvesjr
yarh Yesuac kbdkoehf
Uarh mydehf supdrvesjr
Mdcevdry Mafe, ahm iehac malafd kbdkoehf
Ldtbjm
Pdspjhse`ecety
[QK
Vdavehf quacety kbdkoehf Mdpartld ht
Mevesejh
Kbdkoehf
Ldtbjm
Pdspjhse`ecety
Vdavehf
Varpehf
Krddcehf
Yesuac kbdkoehf
Varpdr, tbdh kbdkodm `y wdavehf supdrvesjr
Varpehf
Mdhtehf
Yesuac kbdkoehf
Varpdr, kbdkodm wdavehf
tbdh `y
^afd | 1>1
supdrvesjr Varpehf
^attdrh kbdkoehf
Yesuac kbdkoehf
wdavehf supdrvesjr
Varpehf
Mrawehf
Yesuac kbdkoehf
wdavehf supdrvesjr
Cjjl statd
Bdacm kbdko
Cjjl statd
Jh cjjl Yesuac kbdkoehf pattdrh kbdko
Cjjl statd
^atte kbdkoehf
irald Bdacm caydr wesd wdavehf yarh kjcjur supdrvesjr
]wj salpcds(=“ , wdavehf 9“) kut. Jhd supdrvesjr kbdkodm `y wdavehf, jhd kbdkodm `y mdsefhehf
Cjjl statd Cjjl statd
wdavehf supdrvesjr
Vdavehf mdsefh supdrvesjr
ahm
Ierst pedkd Ierst 4> ltsia`rek Frdy ehspdktejh kbdkoehf hdps, es kbdkodm eh frdy jpdratjr mbafa, ohjts ehspdktejh
Frdy Hdps,mbafa,oh ehspdktejh jts
Yesuac kbdkoehf eh Frdy ehspdktejh frdy ehspdktejh jpdratjr lakbehd
Ia`rek ^rjkdssehf Quacety Kbdkoehf Mdpartld ht
Mevesejh
Kbdkoehf
Ia`rek prjkdssehf
^]P( ^rd Vbetdhdss trdatldht ehmdx Pahfd)
Ldtbjm
Pdspjhse`ecety
KED [kacd
Ca` supdrvesjr
^afd | 1>0
Mydehf
[bamd ahm K[
Yesuaccy uhmdr stm Ca` supdrvesjr cefbt QA supdrvesjr
Iehesbehf
Kbdkoehf ji [tm as pdr Ca` supdrvesjr pbysekac kustjldr prjtjkjc QA supdrvesjr paraldtdrs, bahm iddc
Iehesbehf
[bamd frjupehf
Yesuacc Jpdrat y jr uhmdr stahmarm cefbt sjurkd (^relary7 M-94? [dkjhmary7 KVI)
jpdratjr
Vardbjusd Quacety Kbdkoehf Mdpartld ht
Mevesejh
Kbdkoehf
Vardbjus d
Ldhmehf
Hdps, ohjts
Ldtbjm
mbafa, Lahuac kbdkoehf
Framehf Vdavehf, (`uydrwes prjkdssehf d) iauct kbdko
Pdspjhse`ecety
Kbdkodr/supdrve sjr
Yesuaccy uhmdr stm Kbdkodr/supdrve cefbt sjr
Pjccehf ahm pammehf (`uydrwes d)
]bah, rjcc sezd Vdefbehf ahm rjcc wdefbt lakbehd,vesuaccy kbdkoehf, rjcc tj rjcc sbamd kbdkoehf
Mdkjrateh f ta`cd ahm pakoehf
Jrmdr Lahuaccy kbdkoehf ahm `uydrwesd pakoehf
Kbdkodr/supdrve sjr
^afd | 1>;
^rjkdss icjw ji ia`rek irjl tdstehf ca` tj ehspdktejh lakbehd Ia`rek prjkdssbjusd
Hjt jo Icdxa kjlpakta/zdrj zdrj Ia`rek salpcds ard rdkjrmdm eh tbd ca` rdfestdr `jjo wetb sc. Hj. , quacety, kustjldr dtk
[brehoafd,tdar,td hsecd strdhftb, sceppafdwasbehf, cefbt,ru``ehf iasthdss,dtk ard kbdkodm
Ca` tdstehf
jo Ijcmehf ahm mdcevdry tj wardbjusd
^rjkdss mdtaecs - Iehesbdm ia`rek es kjccdktdm irjl zdrj-zdrj lakbehd ahm sdht tj ia`rek tdstehf ca` wetb cjt ljvdldht karm, kjhtaehehf quacety, sbamd, kustjldr, H[ Hj., Gj ` karm hj., dtk.
- Pdkjrm ia`rek salpcds eh tbd ca` rdfestdr `jjo wetb matd, teld , sc. Hj., quacety, sbamd hj., kustjldr, H[. Hj. - Kjhmetejh ia`rek ijr ijur bjurs at 01 + 0 jK tdlpdraturd ahm 9;% + 0 P.B. - Ia`rek tdsts ard pdrijrldm akkjrmehf tj rdquerdldhts. - Ei tdst rdsucts ard ‘JO‚, ia`rek es sdht tj ijcmehf sdktejh wetb quacety jiiekdr autbjrezdm sefhdm ia`rek tdstehf karm ahm ei ahy ji tbd tdst rdsucts ard ‘HJ] JO‚, tbd ia`reks ard sdht `ako ijr rdprjmukehf tj tbd iehesbehf mdpartldht ji tbd Ia`rek ^rjkdss Bjusd. - Hj ca` tdsts ard mjhd ijr cdss tbah 4> ldtdrs ia`rek. - Ijr rdprjkdssdm ia`rek iasthdss (cefbt, wasbehf, ru``ehf) tdsts ard hjt mjhd.
^afd | 1>=
[bamd dvacuatejh [bamd latkbehf ahm frjupehf - Acc sbamd latkbehf ahm sjrtehf ard mjhd uhmdr stahmarm cefbt ji MX%, KVI, TY cefbts. ]bd apprjvdm rdidrdhkd salpcd es tbd stahmarm ijr sbamd kjhtehuety kbdkoehf.
- Laxelul ji ievd sbamd cjts ard accjwdm pdr kjcjur su`gdkt tj a lehelul ji 04% ji tbd tjtac cjt quahtety eh dakb sbamd cjt jr lehelul sezd ji 4>> ldtdrs. Eh carfdr mdcevdreds (d.f., 1>>>> ldtdrs eh jhd kjcjur eh `jttcd frddh) befbdr hul`dr ji frjups lay `d pjsse`cd. [bamd kjhtehuety [bamd kjhtehuety wetbeh dakb rjcc es dvacuatdm `y assdssehf tbd sbamd vareatejh `dtwddh7 - [emd tj kdhtdr vareatejh (K[Y)
- Pjcc tj rjcc
Icald rdtarmdht lakbehd jr tdstdr ]bes tdst es karredm jh tbd icald rdtarmaht ia`rek wbekb es lahuiakturdm ijr Ehmeah Paecways jhcy. ]bdrd ard meiidrdht typds ji tdst ard tbdrd tj kbdko tbd icald rdtarmahky ji tbd ia`rek as7
Ydrtekac tdst (E[ ‛ (E[ ‛ 11261 11261 ldtbjms)
=4 mdfrdd ahfcd tdst (TKE ‛ (TKE ‛ 49= 49= ldtbjms)
Celetehf Jxyfdh Ehmdx (E[ ‛ (E[ ‛ 1;41> 1;41> ldtbjms)
Mdtdrlehatejh ji vese`ecety mud tj sljod
]jxekety
Icalla`ecety tdstdr
=4 mdfrdd ahfcd tdst ( TK149=) Eh tbes tdst, acc tbd prjkdssds ard sald as vdrtekac tdst dxkdpt tbd ahfcd ji icalds ard eh =4 mdfrdds.
^afd | 1>4
Mdtjreatejh ji vese`ecety mud tj sljod (TKE49=) ]bes tdst es pdrijrldm tj kbdko tbd sljod ijr dakb ie`rd. Fas kbrjlatjfrapby es usdm ahm spdkeac typd ji tu`ds es acsj usdm. Ahm `y tbes ldtbjm, wd kah acsj iehm tbd mdhsety ji sljod ji dakb ie`rd rdspdktevdcy. Et taods ljrd teld as wdcc as et hddms ljrd patedhkd irjl tbd jpdratjr. Yese`ecety mdtjreatejh tdst dquepldht
]jxekety ]bes tdst es karredm jut tj iehm jut tbd tjxek fasds wbekb kjld aitdr `urhehf ji tbd ie`rd. ]bdrd ard tjtac 1= meiidrdht typds ji tjxek fasds as wdcc as meiidrdht typds ji tu`d ard acsj usdm tj iehm jut tbd fas. Bdrd, tbd icald tdlpdraturd sbjucm `d 10>> mdfrdd Kdcseus +- 1>> mdfrdd Kdcseus. ]jxekety tdstdr
^afd | 1>9
^bysekac ca` Dquepldhts eh tbd pbysekac ca` Kjhd jr kjrd tdstdr Ljmdc7 Mefetac [dreac hul`dr7 KJHD/KJPD KJL^P. 0>>6-;6= Udar ji lahuiakturd7 0>>6 Laod7 T`equd systdl Kace`ratejh ldtbjm7 E[ 1202 (^art-1)70>>4 eh kjlprdssejh Pdi. kdrteiekatd hul`dr7 G[]/0>1;->69 KA^ -4>> ofi
Ldttcd dcdktrjhek `acahkd Laod7 Ldttcdr, [wetzdrcahm
Ljmdc7 AD-19> Appcekatejh7 ^rdkesd wdefbehf Laxelul kapakety ‛ kapakety ‛ 19> 19> fls Pdsjcutejh7 >.>>>1 fls
Vrap rddc Hald ji tbd lakbehd 7 Vrap Vrap Pddc Emdhteiekatejh hul`dr 7 0 Laod ji tbd lakbehd 7 LAF [jcveks ^revatd Celetdm, Kjel`atjrd, Ehmea
Ldttcd dcdktrjheuk `acahkd
Mespcay Kapakety 7 1 tj 5555 Pjtatejh Ljmdc hul`dr 7 LAF ‛ LAF ‛ K K 1>41 Vrap Pddc Appcekatejh 7 Cdhftb ldasurdldht ijr mdtdrlehatejh ji yarh kjuht.
^afd | 1>6
Tstdr ]dhsjrapem ‛ ]dhsjrapem ‛ = = _T]P -=\
Hald ji tbd lakbehd 7 T[]DP T[]DP ]DH[JPA^EM ‛ =_T]P =_T]P -=\ Emdhteiekatejh hul`dr 7 9 Laod ji tbd lakbehd 7 T[]DP ]DKBHJCJFED[ AF T[]DP/[VE]WDPCAHM Appcekatejh7 tbd T[]DP ]DH[JPA^EM ‛ ]DH[JPA^EM ‛ = = es a tdhsecd tdstehf ehstaccatejh ijr tbd quacety kjhtrjc eh tbd tdxtecd ehmustry. ]bd mdtdrlehdm vacuds ijr tbd tdhsecd ijrkd ahm tbd dcjhfatejh pdrkdhtafd Ldasurehf prehkepcd ‛ prehkepcd ‛ kjhstaht kjhstaht ratd ji dxtdhsejh KPD
Tstdr tdhsjrapem
]dstehf ljmd - selpcd tdhsecd tdst, dcjhfatejh pdrkdhtafd Ijrkd ldasurehf rahfd ‛ rahfd ‛ >.>1 >.>1 H ‛ H ‛ 4>> 4>> H Ldasurehf akkuraky ‛ akkuraky ‛ Ijr Ijr ijrkd & Dcjhfatejh ldasurdldht +-1% jrmdr +- 1 kH
Aer Icjw Ldtdr
Hald7 aer icjw tdstdr Laod7 T[ ]dstehf kj. Ehk., T[A Ljmdc7 5>04 Appcekatejh7 Aer pdrlda`ecety tdst ]dkbhekac spdkeiekatejh7 1 tj 6> KTIt./lehutd/ [q. It. at >.4 ehkb prdssurd mrjp
Kbdkoehf ji Kbdlekac Mjsehf eh K@P Eh `cdakbehf ji ia`reks tbdrd ard twj elpjrtaht mjsehf paraldtdrs7 Mjsehf ji Bymrjfdh pdrjxemd Mjsehf ji kaustek ]dst7 Kjcjur Iasthdss tj wasbehf (]dst ldtbjm7 AA]KK 91A) Dquepldht7 Ehirardm Mrydr Laod7 Cjfek art ]dst7 Kjcjuriasthdss tj krjkoehf jr ru``ehf (]dst Ldtbjm7 AA]KK 2) Dquepldht7 ^araljuht Lahuac Krjkoldtdr Et es mjhd `jtb ijr mry as wdcc as wdt ru``ehf. ^afd | 1>2
]dst7 Pdsemuac [brehoafd % (]dst ldtbjm7 AA]KK 1;4) Dquepldht7 ^APALJTH] Akkusbreho skacd? EI@ wasbehf lakbehd? ]ul`cd mredr? Icat `dm prdss) ]bd meldhsejhac kbahfds ji tbd ia`rek spdkeldh su`gdktdm tj typekac bjld cauhmdrehf ahm mryehf praktekds ard ldasurdm usehf paers ji `dhkblaros appcedm tj tbd ia`rek `dijrd cauhmdrehf. ]dst7 ]dar [trdhftb (eh c`s) (]dst Ldtbjm7 A[]L M 1=0=) Dquepldht7 Dcldhmjri tdarehf strdhftb tdstdr Laod7 ^APALJTH] Kbdkoehf ji myd7 [ecekatd ratej eh Oustdr ]j avjem vareatejh eh mydehf myd7 [ecekatd ratej es tj `d kbdkodm dvdrymay `dijrd ruhhehf tbd lakbehd. Ei myd7secekatd ratej es hjt =71, tbdh kbdko mjsehf assdl`cy wetb tbd bdcp ji laehtdhahkd mdpartldht. Kbdkoehf ji kjrd pB Kjrd pB es kbdkodm ji dakb ahm dvdry cjt ji pedkd mydm ia`rek `dijrd iehesbehf avjemehf ahy sbamd vareatejh. ]bd rdquerdm vacud ji kjrd pB es 9.>-9.4. ei kjrd pB es hjt as pdr rdquerdldht tbd fjjms fjjms wecc `d taodh ijr rdprjkdssehf. Jpdratehf prjkdmurd ji Matakjcjur [pdktrjpbjtjldtdr (KKL) Ldasurdldht ji Vbetdhdss ehmdx.
Ldasurdldht ji kjcjur meiidrdhkd (mD).
Pdkepd prdmektejh
Pdkepd prdmektejh7 1. Fj tj –MataKjcjr ]jjcs“. Ehsdrt usdr hald ahm passwjrm.
0. Ei et es acrdamy kace`ratdm tbdh kbahfd tbd sdttehfs tj –TY 1>>%“ ahm –[pdkucar Ehkcumd“. ;. Ei hjt, tbdh kace`ratd k ace`ratd tbd KKL wetb tbd saem sdttehf ahm apprjpreatd apprjpr eatd apdrturd. =. ^rdss –rdkepd“ `uttjh. 4. ]bdh, fj tj tbd `uttjh larodm wetb a icjwdr jr prdss I4. Ldasurd tbd stahmarm merdktcy. 9. [dcdkt tbd mydstuiis. 6. Kbdko tbd apprjpreatd cefbt sjurkd. 2. ^rdss tbd –Kackucatd“ `uttjh. 5. ]bd rdkepd wecc `d eh fl/of. f l/of. [dcdkt apprjpreatd rdkepd wetb cjw ldtaldresl. ^afd | 1>5
1>. Hjtd tbd rdkepd eh tbd rdfestdr ahm fj `ako tj laeh pafd tj –MataKjcjt Latkb“. ^rdkautejh tj taod wbecd usehf KKL7
1. Ijr dvdry teld, mjh‚t m jh‚t ijrfdt tj swetkb s wetkb jh KKL ahm kjlputdr seluctahdjuscy. 0. Ijr dvdry ldasurdldht, acways kbdko ei tbd KKL es kace`ratdm jr hjt. ;. Acways oddp prjpdr sdttehf ijr ldasurdldht ji wbetd ahm mydm salpcds, e.d., [pdkucar Ehkcumd/ Dxkcumd ahm TY %, dtk. =. [dt tbd apdrturd as pdr tbd sezd ji tbd salpcd tj `d ldasurdm. 4. KKL es tj `d kace`ratdm ijr dakb apdrturd. 9. Mj hjt fj eh ahy pjrtejh ji tbd sjitward wbekb es uhohjwh.
^afd | 11>
Iehesbdm Ia`rek ]dstehf Pdpjrt
^afd | 111
Mydehf Quacety Mdpartldht
Ie`rd Myd Ca` Ia`rek Myd Ca`
Ie`rd Myd Ca` Eh tbes ca`, jpdratjrs laod tbd rdkepd ji myd akkjrmehf tj tbd sbamd karms wbekb es fjehf tj usdm ijr mydehf tbd ie`rd at prjmuktejh icjjr. Darcedr tbes prjkdss tjjo 14 mays (apprjx) `ut hjwamays tbes prjkdss taods hjt ljrd 1 may at ahy kjst. Eh tbes ca` tbdrd ard sjld lakbehds as ijccjws7
[pdktrjpbjtjldtdr
Autjca`
[jcutejh laodr
Abe`a huahkd
Kjcjur latkbehf lakbehd
[pdktrjpbjtjldtdr ]bes es a lakbehd wbekb emdhteieds tbd sbamd ji tbd salpcd. Et taods rdkepd irjl tbd mata`asd. @ut tbd jpdratjr bas tj kbjjsd tbd `dst rdkepd ji myds latdreacs. Autjca` ]bes lakbehd es usdm ijr drrjr prdvdhtejh wbecd usehf latdreacs ijr laoehf myd sjcutejh. Et ldasurds akkuratdcy tbd kjlpjhdhts ji tbd sjcutejh. [jcutejh laodr ]bes lakbehd es usdm ijr sjcutejh laoehf wbekb es usdm ijr mydehf tbd salpcds.
^afd | 110
Abe`a huahkd ]bes lakbehd kah laods 1= meiidrdht sjcutejhs at a sehfcd teld.
Kjcjur latkbehf lakbehd Aitdr mydehf tbd ia`rek, tbd mydm ia`rek sbjucm wasb ahm tbdh mredm eh mrydr, tbdh tbd salpcds ard latkbehf ijr tbd sbamd attdhuatejh cdvdc. ]bdrd ard = meiidrdht typds ji cefbt eh tbes lakbehd wbekb es usdm ijr kjcjur latkbehf ahm tbdy ard MC-2=, M-2=, TY ahm icujrdskdht cefbt.
^afd | 11;
Ia`rek myd ca` Eh tbes ca`, acc tbd jpdratejh es pdrijrldm `dijrd tbd prjmuktejh. Acc quacety paraldtdrs ard kbdkodm tbjrjufbcy eh tbd ca` etsdci. ]bdsd ard lakbehds wbekb ard prdsdht eh tbd ia`rek mydehf ca` ard as ijccjws7 Mespdhsdr ]bes lakbehd es usdm ijr taoehf rdkepd akkuratdcy as rdquerdm ahm tbdrd es a prjpdr ratej ji kjcjur ahm secekatds e.d. 17=. ^ammehf lahfcd Et es mydehf dquepldhts wbekb ard usdm ijr mydehf tbd salpcds. Kjcjur latkbehf Aitdr mydehf tbd salpcds, tbdy ard wasbdm ahm mredm prjpdrcy ahm tbdh tbd kjcjur ji salpcds ard latkbehf uhmdr meiidrdht typds ji cefbts ard as7 maycefbt, kjjc wbetd, ]C-2=, ehkahmdskdht, bjrezjh ahm uctra vejcdt cefbt. Kbdkoehf ji PIM Ia`rek (Mydehf) @dijrd mydehf ji dakb ahm dvdry `atkb tbdrd es a prjkdss ji kbdkoehf tbd PIM (Pdamy ijr Mydehf) ia`rek `y ldahs ji ets a`sjr`dhky, wbetdhdss ehmdx, pdrjxemd kjhtdht, pB, starkb kjhtdht ahm J@A (Jptekac @refbtdhehf @refbtdhehf Afdht) kjhtdht, K/[ (Kdhtrd-tj-[dcvdmfd) vareatejh. Kbdkoehf ji MCK ]j kbdko tbd kjcjur prdpardm ijr mydehf es JO jr HJ] JO, tbdrd es a prjkdss kaccdm MCK kbdkoehf. ]bd ldtbjm es as ijccjws7 1. ]aod kjcjur irjl `uco mydehf taho ahm PIM ia`rek irjl tbd sald `atkb.
0. ^am salpcd eh Latbes ^ammdr eh ca` wetb `uco kjcjur sjcutejh ahm `uco ia`rek. ;. ]aod 1>>lc watdr eh lekrjwavd jvdh `jx. =. ^ut tbd salpcd jh tbd cjjsdcy jh tbd `jx ahm kjvdr et. ^ut tbd `jx eh lekrjwavd. 4. [dt tbd lekrjwavd wetb pjwdr cdvdc =4> ahm teld 4.> lehutds ahm start. 9. Aitdr 4 lehutds, taod jut tbd salpcd, wasb et, mry et ahm kbdko tbd sbamd. 6. Ei tbd sbamd es JO, tbdh fj ijr `uco mydehf. 2. Ei tbd sbamd es HJ] JO, tbdh fevd hdkdssary ammetejh eh tbd taho. Jhcy mydehf eh-kbarfd jr ahy autbjrezdm pdrsjhhdc sbjucm kbdko tbd MCK salpcd ahm fevd ammetejh ei rdquerdm.
^afd | 11=
Kbdkoehf ji sbamd ahm K/[ Aitdr mydehf ji dakb ahm dvdry `atkb ahm `dijrd iehesbehf, tbdrd es a prjkdss kaccdm sbamd ahm K/[ kbdkoehf. Dvdry pedkd mydm sbamd sbjucm `d kbdkodm vesuaccy as wdcc as wetb tbd bdcp ji KKL afaehst party kuttehfs jr apprjvdm ca`meps `dijrd iehesbehf. Eh kasd ji KKL kjcjur meiidrdhkd (mD) sbjucm `d31. Ei tbd sbamd es hjt latkbdm, tbdh `atkb wecc `d taodh ijr rd-mydehf. Jhcy latkbdm sbamd wecc `d kjhsemdrdm JO ijr iehesbehf. K/[ ji dakb `atkb sbjucm acsj `d JO. [bamd sbjucm `d kbdkodm `y BJM jr mydehf eh-kbarfd jr ahy autbjrezdm pdrsjh. ]dst7 Kjcjuriasthdss tj pdrsperatejh (]dst Ldtbjm7 AA]KK 14) Dquepldht7 ^drsperjldtdr (Ljmdc7 L0;1)? Laod7 [M A]CA[ Ctm. [pdkeldh sezd7 =>llx1>>ll ]dst7 Kjcjuriasthdss tj cefbt-0> AIT (]dst Ldtbjm7 AA]KK 19D) Dquepldht7 Vatdr-kjjcdm lakbehd jr Rdhjh ark calp (A]CA[ Kc ;>>> + RDHJH APK VDA]BDP-J-LD]DP) ]bd rdsestahkd ji a latdreac tj a kbahfd eh ets kjcjur kbaraktdresteks as a rdsuct ji dxpjsurd ji tbd latdreac tj suhcefbt jr ah arteiekeac cefbt sjurkd es ldasurdm. Dxpjsurd Kjhmetejhs @cako pahdc tdlpdraturd7 9; + 1jK Mry `uc` tdlpdraturd7 =; + 0jK Pdcatevd bulemety7 ;> + 4 % ]jtac hul`dr ji sdfldhts7 1 Muratejh teld7 Errameahkd Kjhtrjccehf `ako sdhsjr7 @^] @cako tdlpdraturd lust `d aktevd. Errameahkd/wattafd7 1.1> V/l0 Kykcd7 Cefbt Muratejh7 24 oG/l0 (Apprjxelatdcy7 00 brs) [pdkeldh spray7 Jii Pako spray7 Jii Rdhjh calp iectdrs7 Ehhdr ([jmeul `jrjsecekatd)? `j rjsecekatd)? Jutdr ([jma celd)
[pdkeiek aljuht ji dxpjsurd lamd uhmdr tbd spdkeiedm kjhmetejh, wbdrd jhd AIT es 1/0>tb ji tbd cefbt jh dxpjsurd rdquerdm tj prjmukd a kjcjur kbahfd dquac tj stdp = jh tbd frdy skacd (AA]KK C-sdreds) ijr kjcjur kbahfd jr 1.6; + >.; KEDCA@ uhets ji kjcjur meiidrdhkd jh AA]KK `cud wjjc cefbt iasthdss stahmarm C=.
^afd | 114
]dst7 Ldasurdldht ji Kjrd pB (]dst Ldtbjm7 AA]KK 21) Dquepldht7 1. ^APALJTH] pB ldtdr wetb >.1 uhet framuatejhs
0. @uiidr sjcutejhs pB =.> ahm 6.>. Kace`ratejh7 Kace`ratd tbd pB ldtdr akkjrmehf tj tbd lahuiakturdr‚s ehstruktejhs. [pdkeldh7 Tsd a 1> + >.1 f spdkeldh ji tbd latdreac tj `d tdstdm. ]dst7 ]dhsecd [trdhftb (eh of) (]dst ldtbjm7 A[]L M 4>;=71554) Dquepldht7 uhevdrsac ]dstehf Lakbehd (]eheus Jcsdh, ljmdc7 B1>O[ `y [MCA]CA[) ]jcdrahkd celet es7 Ijr `dcjw 11> F[L7 1>.> of ijr warp ahm 5.> of ijr wdit Ijr a`jvd 11> F[L7 14.> of ijr warp ahm 1;.> of ijr wdit ]dst7 ^eccehf rdsestahkd (Lartehmacd) (]dst Ldtbjm-=56>) Dquepldht7 Lartehmacd peccehf ahm a`rasejh tdstdr (Ljmdc L0;4) Laod7 [MC A]CA[ Ctm. ]bd mdfrdd ji peccehf sbjucm `d assdssdm usehf tbd ijccjwehf 4-pjeht skacd7 4 ‛ Hj Hj peccehf = ‛ [cefbt [cefbt peccehf ; ‛ Ljmdratd Ljmdratd peccehf 0 ‛ [dvdrd [dvdrd peccehf 1 ‛ Ydry Ydry sdvdrd peccehf Vbdh appdarahkd iaccs `dtwddh twj ji tbd mdskreptejhs fevdh a`jvd baci vacuds lay `d fevdh. ]dst7 A`rasejh rdsestahkd (Lartehmacd) (A[]L M =599) Dquepldht7 Lartehmacd peccehf ahm a`rasejh tdstdr (Ljmdc L0;4) Laod7 [MC A]CA[ Ctm.
^afd | 119
]dst7 Vatdr rdpdccdhky7 [pray tdst (]dst ldtbjm7 AA]KK 00-0>>1) Dquepldht7 AA]KK spray tdstdr, `daodr, mesteccdm watdr PA]EHF KBAP] 1>> (E[J 4) ‛ 4) ‛ Hj Hj stekoehf jr wdttehf ji uppdr suriakd 5> (E[J =) ‛ =) ‛ [cefbt [cefbt rahmjl stekoehf jr wdttehf ji uppdr suriakd 2> (E[J ;) ‛ ;) ‛ Vdttehf Vdttehf ji uppdr suriakd at spray pjehts 6> (E[J 0) ‛ 0) ‛ ^arteac ^arteac wdttehf ji wbjcd ji uppdr suriakd 4> (E[J 1) ‛ 1) ‛ Kjlpcdtd Kjlpcdtd wdttehf ji wbjcd ji uppdr suriakd > (E[J >) ‛ >) ‛ Kjlpcdtd Kjlpcdtd wdttehf ji wbjcd ji uppdr ahm cjwdr suriakd ]dst7 Jec rdpdccdhky7 Bymrjkar`jh rdsestahkd tdst (]dst ldtbjm7 AA]KK 112-0>>0) Dquepldht7 ]dst cequems prdpardm ahm hul`drdm akkjrmehf tj tbd ta`cd, mrjppehf `jttcds, wbetd AA]KK tdxtecd `cjttehf papdr.
AA]KK JEC PD^DCCDHKU FPAMD KJL^J[E]EJH HTL@DP > 1 0
Hjhd (iaecs oaymjc) Oaymjc 947;4 Oaymjc7h-bdxamdkahd `y vjculd
; = 4 9 6 2
h-bdxamdkahd h-tdtramdkahd h-mjmdkahd h- mdkahd h-jktahd h- bdptahds
A iaecurd jkkurs wbdh tbrdd jr ljrd ji tbd ievd mrjps appcedm irjl a fevdh tdst cequem sbjw kjlpcdtd wdttehf jr wekoehf wetb cjss ji kjhtakt ahfcd. A pass jkkurs ei tbrdd jr ljrd ji tbd ievd mrjps appcedm sbjw kcdar, wdcc rjuhmdm appdarahkds wetb befb kjhtakt ahfcd. ]dst7 Mdtdrlehatejh ji tbd icalla`ecety ahm icald rdsestahkd ji tdxtecd ia`rek (]dst ldtbjm7 E[7 11261-1529 Ldtbjm A) Dquepldht7 Ydrtekac Icald Pdsestahkd ]dstdr `y @.].P.A.
^afd | 116
]dst7 ^rjtdktevd kcjtbehf- ^rjtdktejh afaehst bdat ahm icald (]dst ldtbjm7 @[ DH 4;0-1554) - Celetdm Icald [prdam Dquepldht7 Bjrezjhtac Icald Pdsestahkd ]dstdr Fas usdm7 Kjlldrkeac framd prjpahd fas ]dstehf atljspbdrd7 ^drijrl tbd tdsts eh ah atljspbdrd bavehf a tdlpdraturd `dtwddh 1>jK ahm ;>jK, a rdcatevd rdcatevd bulemety `dtwddh 14% ahm 2>% ahm aer ljvdldht cdss tbah >.0 l/s. ]dst7 Ldtbjm ijr mdtdrlehehf ierd ‛ Pdsestahkd Pdsestahkd ji kjatdm ahm uhkjatdm tdxtecds (]dst Ldtbjm7 TEK 49=-0) Dquepldht7 =4j Ahfcd Icalla`ecety tdstdr ]dst7 Ldtbjm mdtdrlehehf mdtdrejratejh ji vese`ecety mud tj sljod rdcdasdm jh kjl`ustejh ji latdreacs (]dst Ldtbjm7 TEK 49=-0) Dquepldht7 Mdtdrejratejh ji vese`ecety mud tj sljod rdcdasdm tdstdr ]dst7 Mdtdrlehatejh ji icalla`ecety `y jxyfdh ehmdx (Ldtbjm7 E[7 1;4>11550) Dquepldht7 C.J.E tdst dquepldht `y [.K.Mdy & Kj.
^afd | 112
Vardbjusd ]bd wardbjusd at Gaya [brdd ]dxtecds kjhtre`utds tj twj ji tbd `asek idaturds7
Ehspdktejh ji Frdy Ia`rek
Ehspdktejh ji Iehesbdm Ia`rek ahm ^akoafehf
Ehspdktejh es tbd cast prjkdmurd tj kbdko ijr ahy iaucts `dijrd tbd ia`reks ard sbeppdm jut. Ehspdktejh es tbd prjkdss ji kbdkoehf tbd cdhftbs ji ia`reks vesuaccy jr wetb tbd bdcp ji ah ehspdktejh ta`cd. [efheiekahkd ji ehspdktejh Ehspdktejh ji tbd ia`reks bdcps eh prdvdhtehf jvdrcjjoehf ji tbd drrjrs tbat lay bavd `ddh cdit jut. Ehspdktejh mdiehdm `y E[J (Ehtdrhatejhac [tahmarms Jrfahezatejh)7 ]bd purpjsd ji ehspdktejh es tj laod a sjuhm gumfdldht jh tbd mespjsetejh ji a latdreac jr prjmukt, wbdtbdr tj akkdpt jr rdgdkt et.
Vbat es mjhd wetb a rdgdktdm cjt lay `d a lattdr ji hdfjteatejh `dtwddh a `uydr ahm sdccdr.
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Ehspdktejh Cdvdcs at Gaya [brdd ]dxtecds Mevesejh
Kbdkoehf
Ldtbjm
Pdspjhse`ecety
Ldhmehf
Hdps, Mbafa, Ohjts
Lahuac Kbdkoehf
Kbdkodr/ [updrvesjr
Framehf (@uydr wesd)
Vdavehf, prjkdssehf, Kbdkoehf
Pjccehf ahm ^ammehf (@uydr wesd)
]bah, rjcc sezd ahm Vdefbehf wdefbt kbdkoehf, lakbehd, vesuaccy rjcc tj rjcc [bamd kbdkoehf
Yesuaccy (Thmdr iauct stahmarm cefbt)
Mdkjratehf ]a`cd Jrmdr kbdkoehf ahm ^akoehf ahm `uydr wesd kbdkoehf
Lahuaccy
Kbdkodr/ [updrvesjr Kbdkodr
^akodr jr Mata Jpdratjr jr [updrvesjr
Aldrekah =-pjeht ehspdktejh systdl
]bd =-pjeht systdl, acsj kaccdm Aldrekah Lahuiakturdrs Assjkeatejh (AALA) pjeht framehf systdl ijr mdtdrlehatejh ji ia`rek quacety, es wemdcy usdm `y prjmukdrs ji appardc ia`reks. [ezd ji Mdidkt (Cdhftb eh Ehkbds)
Hj. Ji ^dhacty ^jehts
; ehkbds jr cdss
1
Jvdr ; ehkbds `ut cdss tbah 9 ehkbds
0
Jvdr 9 ehkbds `ut cdss tbah 5 ehkbds
;
Jvdr 5 ehkbds
=
Bjcds ahm meldhsejhs)
Jpdhehfs
(carfdst Hj. Ji ^dhacty ^jehts
1 ehkb jr cdss
0
Jvdr 1 ehkb
=
^afd | 10>
]jtac mdidkt pjehts/1>> ym0 ard kackucatdm ahm hjrlaccy tbjsd ia`rek rjccs kjhtaehehf ljrd tbah => pjehts/1>> ym0 ard kjhsemdrdm sdkjhms. Hjtds7 Ia`rek wecc `d ehspdktdm jhcy jh tbd semd mdsefhatdm as tbd iakd `y tbd lecc.
Ia`rek wecc `d ehspdktdm ijr spehhehf jr wdavehf jr prjkdssehf mdidkts ahm staehs, bjcds, dtk., ahm ard framdm akkjrmehf tj tbd quacety tj framd A ahm @. Hj ljrd tbah ijur pjehts kah `d assefhdm tj ahy 1l ji ia`rek. Acc mdidkts lust `d icaffdm at tbd sdcvdmfd sukb tbat tbd icaf kah `d mdtdktdm irjl detbdr tbd `ako jr iakd ji tbd ia`rek murehf sprdamehf ahm pjehts ard mjkuldhtdm. ]bd laxelul pjehts accjwdm pdr 1>> cehdar ldtdrs7 ;> ]bd laxelul hj. ji = pjehts accjwdm pdr 1>> cehdar ldtdrs7 = Hj. ji bjcds accjwdm pdr 1>> cehdar cehdar ldtdrs7 ;
Avdrafd pjehts pdr cjt pdr 1>> cehdar ldtdrs7 04
Ahy bjcds wecc `d pdhacezdm ijur pjehts.
Jhd typd ji mdidkt rdsuctehf eh sehfcd pjeht accjwdm7 14 pdr 1>> cehdar ldtdrs A rdpdatehf mdidkt ji 0 ldtdrs ahm a`jvd sbjucm hjt `d accjwdm? jtbdrwesd tbd rjcc sbjucm `d rdgdktdm. Lehelul rjcc cdhftb7 0> ldtdrs Ijur pjeht ehspdktejh systdl es appceka`cd ijr `jtb ^M ahm UM quacety, jhcy ijr PLM.
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Ehspdktejh ji Frdy Ia`rek Frdy Ia`rek
Frdy ia`rek rdkdevdm irjl wdavehf
[bjucm latkb wetb tdkbhekac sbddts
Ehspdktejh jh l/k usehf =pjeht systdl
Tptj ;“-1, uptj 9-0, uptj 5-;, 5 ahm a`jvd = pjeht systdl
[dhmehf ia`rek tj ldhmehf wetb laroehf
Ldhmdr sbjucm ijccjw laoehf murehf ldhmehf
Aitdr ldhmehf ia`rek sdht tj rjccehf l/k
Uarh mydm ia`rek sdht tj ijcmehf l/k
Aitdr laoehf rjcc, ijcm sdht tj frdy pakoehf
Ijcmdm ia`rek sdht tj yarh mydm cjkatejh
Frdy pakodm ia`rek sdht tj rako wetb cjkatejh
Irjl yarh mydm cjkatejh, gj` karm wesd ia`rek essud tj prjkdss
Irjl rako, gj` karm wesd ia`rek essud tj prjkdss
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Vardbjusd Lakbehds at Gaya [brdd ]dxtecds ]wj typds ji ehspdktejh lakbehds ard usdm7 1. ]brdd Framehf kul ^ammehf Lakbehds7 LAOD7 ]rud [bapd LJMDC7 Lastdr 0. Ievd Ehspdktejh kul Pjccehf Lakbehds7 LAOD7 ]rud [bapd LJMDC7 Lastdr - Acc ia`reks ard ehspdktdm jh a ehspdktejh lakbehd jr irald dqueppdm wetb a varea`cd spddm ljtjr as wdcc as ldtdr ijr ldasurehf rjcc cdhftbs. Irald es tectdm sj tbat ia`rek passds at ah ahfcd `dtwddh =4j ahm 9>j jii bjrezjhtac. Murehf ehspdktejh, tbd ehspdktjr lust `d a`cd tj stahm at ah apprjpreatd mestahkd irjl ehspdktejh irald tj dhsurd `dst pjsse`cd vese`ecety ji ia`rek sbamehf ahm mdidkts.
- ]bd irald es cefbtdm wetb a lehelul ji twj ]CI-2= tu`ds paraccdc tj dakb jtbdr ahm pdrpdhmekucar tj tbd merdktejh ji ia`rek ljvdldht. ]bd cefbts sbjucm `d ijur iddt away irjl tbd sdktejh ji ia`rek `dehf ehspdktdm. ehspdktdm. ]bd cefbts lust acsj `d merdktcy a`jvd tbd vedwehf arda, at ah ahfcd ji 9>j. - Acc lakbehds bavd mefetac ldtdr tj kackucatd tbd tjtac cdhftb ji tbd ia`rek.
Ehspdktejh kul Pjccehf Lakbehd
^afd | 10;
Ia`rek Mju`cd Pjccehf Lakbehd7 Iddm7 Cjjsd, @atkb wjvdh cehdh ia`reks Mdcevdry7 Pjccdm wjvdh cehdh ia`reks
Ia`rek Mju`cd Pjccehf Lakbehd es a befbcy diiekedht tjjc ijr ijcmehf tbd ia`rek wetb kard. Jrefehac cdhftb ahm wemtb es acways laehtaehdm. Ijcmehf rdmukds trahspjrtatejh ahm ehkrdasds prjmuktejh. Idaturds7 Mju`cehf, rjccehf, ldasurehf ahy typd ji ia`reks wetb ehcdt irjl pcaet/ cjjsd ia`reks, rjccs jr `atkbdrs ahm wetb jutcdt jh rjccs. Ijr prjpdr ijcmehf, spdkeac systdls ijr tbeh ahm sdhsetevd ia`reks. Autjlatek acefhldht ji sdcvdmfd jh tbd mju`cehf treahfcd wetb vdry sdhsetevd ahm prdkesd pbjtj- dcdktrek fuemd. Pdcea`cd ldasurehf wetb dcdktrjhek kace`ratdm kjuhtdr ldtdr systdl. Barm jr cjjsd ijcmehf idaturd, mud tj tjrqud kjhtrjccdm, irjl ehcdt ji ia`rek tj dhm ji tbd rjcc. Autjlatek prehtehf jh sdcvdmfd, kbdkoehf ta`cd, prehtehf ji ldasurehf ‛ Jptejhac Cehdar Ia`rek Pjcc Dhm Kuttdr - Jptejhac.
^afd | 10=
Ehspdktejh ji Iehesbdm Ia`rek ^rjkdss Icjw Kbart ji Ehspdktejh ji Iehesbdm Ia`rek
J]K U/Ms/Vbetd/^M's
Ehspdktejh ahm Framehf
Irdsb Ia`rek
[tetkbehf
^ammehf (L/K)
Mdkjratejh
^akoehf
@ar-Kjmd
^afd | 104
t wj parts- bahm framehf ahm lakbehd framehf. [tdp 1. Framehf- ]bes es mevemdm ehtj twj
Eh bahm framehf tbd ia`rek was ehspdktdm ijr mdidkts ahm ei ahy mdidkt es ijuhm tbdy laro et ahm sdhm tbd ia`rek `ako tj prjkdss bjusd. Eh lakbehd framehf tbdy usd rjccdr ehspdktejh lakbehds ijr ehspdktehf ahy typd ji mdidkt.
Framehf Lakbehd
[tdp 0. [tetkbehf- ]bes es mjhd tj laod rjccs ijr `uydrs. [jld `uydrs waht tbd ia`rek eh rjcc ijrl ahm tbdh stetkbehf es mjhd.
Laoehf ]bah eh ^ammehf Lahfcd.
[tdp ;. ^ammehf- ]bes es mjhd ijr rdtaecdrs wbj waht tbd kcjtb eh ]bah ijrl. ]bd pammehf lakbehd ijcms tbd kcjtb ahm laods tbah jut ji et.
^afd | 109
Iefurd ;^akodm Ia`reks
Mdkjratejh ]a`cd
[tdp =. Mdkjratejh ta`cd- Bdrd mdkjratejh es mjhd e.d. tbd ijcmdm jr rjccdm ia`rek es pakodm ahm tafs ahm ca`dcs ard attakbdm tj et.
@acd ^akoafehf
[tdp 4. ^akoafehf ahm `acd pakoehf- ]bd iehesbdm prjmukts ard tbdh pakodm ahm stjrdm ijr rdtaec ahm tbd rdst es sjcm as pdr jrmdr.
^afd | 106
[tdp 9. @arkjmehf- ]bd `acds ard skahhdm ahm tbder ehijrlatejh es stjrdm eh [A^.
@ar Kjmehf
[jitward usdm eh @arkjmehf
Aitdr acc tbdsd stdps tbd ia`rek es sdht tj rdspdktevd `uydrs ahm sjld ard stjrdm ijr rdtaec purpjsd.
^akoafds [tjrdm ijr Pdtaec ^urpjsd
^akoafehf Kbdko ]bd pakoehf rdquerdldhts ji tbd rjcc hjs./ `acd hjs., pedkd cdhftb ahm pedkd hjs. wetb tbd kjhtraktuac spdkeiekatejhs ard kbdkodm. ]bd ljmd ji pakoafehf, e.d., Bdsseah/B.M.^.D jr pjcytbdhd sbddt es kjlpardm.
^afd | 102
Cdarhehf Ehtdrdstehf Iakts
A tbjrjufb ohjwcdmfd ji tbd ehmustreac dhverjhldht.
A tbjrjufb ohjwcdmfd ji tbd lahuiakturehf prjkdssds eh mdtaecs.
]bd praktekac ohjwcdmfd a`jut acc ji tbd lakbehds es ohjwh eh mdtaecs. ^raktekac ohjwcdmfd a`jut tbd tdsts ahm tbd quacety kjhtrjc prjkdmurds. ^raktekac j`sdrvatejh ji tbd wjroehfs ji tbd lakbehds.
1. Vbat es mjhd wetb yarh rafs tbat `rdao murehf wehmehf: ]bdrd was a kbal`dr `dcjw tbd ljhetjr skrddh ji Autjkjhdr wetb kcdar fcass wbdrd acc tbd yarhs tbat `rdao mud tj uhdvdhhdss fdt kjccdktdm. ]bd jpdratjr dlptedm tbd kbal`dr wbdh et fjt ieccdm ahm kjccdktdm acc tbd rafs eh a kjhtaehdr. Vd tbjufbt tbat et kjucm `d hjtbehf ljrd tbah wastd ahm tbdy wjucm prj`a`cy p rj`a`cy sdcc et eh skrap. @ut, tj jur alazdldht, et was sjcm at a prekd lukb befbdr tbat wd bam elafehdm. As wd ohjw tbat kurrdhky papdr es lamd irjl 64% kjttjh ahm 04% cehdh. [j tbdsd rafs ard sdht tj tbd kurrdhky papdr laoehf ehmustry. Ljrdjvdr, tbd kurrdhky papdr es hjt tdkbhekaccy a papdr, `ut a ia`rek wbekb bas warp, wdit, ahm es wjvdh ahm mdsezdm. 0. Vby vat mydehf es mjhd murehf hefbt teld: ]bd wjrodrs fdhdraccy myd usehf vat eh tbd hefbt sbeit. E rdacezdm tbes wbdh E bam tj fdt idw kjhds mydm eh vat as a part ji ly prjgdkt. Catdr, E fjt tbes mju`t kcdardm. Aktuaccy, wbecd mydehf eh rdaktevd myds, tbd lakbehd bas tj `d jpdhdm aitdr a kjupcd ji bjurs ahm tbd sbamd es kbdkodm tj dhsurd tbat sj iar tbd mydehf bas tjjo pcakd prjpdrcy, ahm wbdtbdr jr hjt ahy ehfrdmedhts hddm tj `d ehkrdasdm jr rdljvdm. [j, a supdrvesjr ahm bes tdal bavd tj `d prdsdht. Haturaccy, et es ljrd kjhvdhedht eh tbd may teld. Vbdrdas, vat mydehf ehvjcvds a kjlpcdx kykcd k ykcd ji laoehf tbd myd sjcu`cd ahm tbdh ehsjcu`cd. [j, et kahhjt `d kjhtrjccdm dvdh ei kbdkodm eh `dtwddh. ]bat‚s wby vat mydehf m ydehf es prdidrrdm eh tbd hefbt teld as et mjds hjt rdquerd ljhetjrehf.
^afd | 105
;. Vbat es Mdcavd diidkt:
]bd wehmehf ji yarh jh kbddsds es mjhd eh sukb a way tbat tbdy jvdrcap ahm ehtdrsdkt jtbdr yarhs at ah akutd ahfcd. At tbjsd jvdrcappehf pjehts, tbd pdhdtratejh ji myd es cdss, wbdrdas et es ljrd at jtbdr pjehts. ]bes ]bes krdatds a –patkby“ diidkt eh tbd ia`rek prjmukdm, wbekb es a kbaraktdrestek idaturd ji cehdh. ]bes es ohjwh as –Mdcavd“ diidkt. diidkt .
Mdcavd Diidkt
Kuppehf ji Kjhds
=. Kuppehf ji kjhds ijr vat mydehf ]bd ljst kjlpakt part ji ahy pakoafd es dmfds jr sbjucmdrs, wbdrd tbd yarh turhs tbd kjrhdr ahm tbes es tbd ljst meiiekuct pcakd tj wdt jut ahm tj pdhdtratd. Ehkjlpcdtd pdhdtratejh wecc kausd wecc kausd et tj myd cefbtdr jr hjt at acc, Kuppehf jr krelpehf es tbd jhcy wjroa`cd sjcutejh tj tbes prj`cdl. ]bd dmfds ard rjuhmdm `y appcyehf prdssurd irjl bahms.
^afd | 1;>
4. Ehhjvatejh `y Ametya @erca7 Kjhvdydr `dct `dcjw karmehf lakbehd ]bd kjhvdydr `dct `dcjw tbd karmehf lakbehd kjccdkts tbd hjecd (sbjrt ie`rds) tbat es sdparatdm irjl ]jw. ]bes hjecd es usdm tj laod rjpds ahm as ieccehf eh kar sdats.
Kjhvdydr @dct `dcjw Karmehf Lakbehd
9. Ljtejh ji bahms tj mdtdkt wbekb mrjp werd bas mrjppdm ]bd sdreds ji mrjp werds kah `d ljvdm icjwehfcy `y tbd ljtejh ji bahms. @ut at tbd pcakd wbdrd tbd werd bas mrjppdm, tbdrd es ah j`struktejh. ]bus tbd dxakt pjsetejh kah `d cjkatdm.
Ljtejh ji bahms tj mdtdkt mrjppdm werd
^afd | 1;1
6. Vdavdr―s ohjt7 Vbdh ahy warp yarh `rdaos murehf wdavehf, et bas tj `d tedm. ]bd ohjt usdm es hjt a selpcd ohjt `ut a wdavdr‚s ohjt eh wbekb tbd twj yarhs ard sj tefbtcy iexdm tbat tbdy kahhjt scep, ahm acsj tbd cdhftb ji taecs ard lehelul. 2. Oddpehf iesbds eh tbd iehac trdatdm watdr at D]^7 ]bd dlpcjydds at Gayasbrdd oddp iesbds eh tbd trdatdm watdr, tj sbjw tbd diidktevdhdss ji tbder trdatldht, tbat tbd watdr es sj kcdah tbat iesbds ard acevd eh et. 5. ]rahspjrtatejh mdvekds ]bdsd pjwdr-mrevdh kbarfda`cd Yjctas trahspjrtatejh mdvekd, wetb a kapakety ji ; tjhhds wdrd usdm eh tbd pcaht ijr trahspjrtatejh ji latdreacs. A iuccy kbarfdm vdbekcd bas a `ako-up teld ji 2 bjurs.
^afd | 1;0
@e`cejfrapby
Ehijrlatejh kjccdktdm tbrjufb Ehmustry J`sdrvatejh
Gaya [brdd ]dxtecds jiiekeac wd`setd
Bahm`jjo jh tdstehf at Gaya [brdd ]dxtecds
Veoepdmea
Ehmustry Pdpjrts at Quacety Kjhtrjc Mdpartldht
^afd | 1;;
