MAJORSHIP: HOME ECONOMICS Focus: HANDICRAFT LET Competencies: 1. Discuss the importance of handicrafts in the economic growth of the country. 2. Explain the characteristic of indigenous materials used in handicraft project 3. Discuss the content of the project plan. 4. Observe the safety precautions when working. PART I; CONTENT UPDATE
Handicrafts is a course which deals with needlework as in embroidery, crocheting, quilting, smocking and cross stitching, hand made products which includes: basketry, rattan crafts, bamboo crafts, leather crafts and fiber crafts. This course also deals with recycling local and discarded materials.
Importance of handicrafts in the economic growth, use of indigenous materials, employment and environment protections.
NEEDLEWORKS CROCHETING
The only tool required is a crochet hook and the only basic material s is some thread. Crochet hook are made of steel, plastic, and alloy metal. Each hook is specially adapted for used with a certain size of thread. The size of the hook is used depend on the weight and type of thread used. The lower the number the bigger the hook. The bases of every crochet pattern is the chain stitch. Basic crochet stitches. -Slip Stitch- This stitch can be used to give a firm edge or fot joining, fastening or repositioning the thread. -Double Crochet- Two thread over the hook and draw through two loops. -Half treble- Three thread over the hook and pull loop through three thread on hook. -Treble- Three thread over the hook and pull through first two loops on hook. Two loops remain on hook. Draw through the remaining two loops. -Double treble- Four thread over the hook. Draw thread two loops at a time. Other crochet stitches are- Single stitch, scallop, shell, popcom, picot. Terms used in crocheting. -Increasing- Specific instruction for increasing are usually given in individual patterns, but it is quite a simple matter, and consists of working two stitches into one stitch, instead of just one. It can be done in nearly any part of the work, but preferable at the beginning or end of a row. To increase several stitches make a chain equivalent to the number of extra stitches required plus turning chain. -Decreasing- One way to decrease is to miss a stitch of the previous row in the center or at the beginning of the row which shorten the length of the work but be sure the space is not too obvious. Another way to decrease is to work two stitches together. -Turning- A certain amount of chains are added at the end of each row to bring the work into position for the next row. The work is turned so that the reverse side is facing the worker. The number of turning chain differs according to the stitch with which to begin the next row. -Joining the Thread- Avoid making a join in the middle of the pattern and never make short knots in the work. As the thread is coming to an end, lace the new thread along the top of the work and crochet a few stitches over this. -Finishing- Do not make any turning at the finish of the last row. Cut the thread leaving an end approximately 3 inches from the work, and draw the end through the last loop on the hook and pull it tight. To hide the loose end, use a tapestry needle to darn into the work.
1
-Tension- Wrong tension can destroy the beauty of a pattern or create an ill-fitting garment. Tension in crochet, as in knitting, refers to the number of stitches and rows worked to each square in of fabric. This measurement is achieved by the combination of a certain weight and type of thread with a suitable hook size, and it can be work in a variety of threads and hook sizes and an entirely different result is obtained.
Crochet Threads - Crochet threads are made in a variety of sizes, twists, and color to provide a suitable one for all types of crochet, from fine to delicate laces to coarse heavy rugs. - It is important to use the type design for the article planned to use. Usefulness depends greatly on the thread with which it is made. - The finer mercerized threads are more effective for the delicate designs used for tablecloth, doilies, runners, edgings and accessories. - If the exact thread given is not available, be careful with the substitute thread as an equivalent may not work up exactly the same measurements; therefore be sure to make tension check before starting to work. - It is also important to purchase at one time entire amount needed to make the articles as dye lots vary in color strength.
EMBROIDERY
Different styles of embroidery depending on the materials available and on the local culture have developed throughout the world. Since World War II there has been a great revival of interest in creative embroidery. The choice of materials depends on the type of work being done. For an everyday dress or a fun table cloth, a good quality casement cloth, unbleached calico or sturdy cotton may be used. Linen, which is the most generally useful of the embroidery fabrics, should always be good quality. Here is an endless range of silk, cotton, rayon, and wool working threads in variety of colors with varying weight and thicknesses. Knitting and embroidery thread are called perle and have a luster. Amount of thread used differs and cannot be exactly determined. All threads and wools are bought either in skeins or ball. For decorative purposes there are beads of all shapes and sizes, many varieties of sew on crystal (jewels) and even shells, pebbles and feathers have been used as part of the design. The background texture is very important as well as color. Many modern furnishings are lively and suitable as long as they harmonize with the threads used. If the materials has an unstable weave it can be backed with a strong cotton and Vilene. Equipment Used in Embroidery - The tools needed in embroidery are few and inexpensive. Have a special place to keep the equipment together, preferably in a workbox or a basket. Keep an assortment of small boxes for threads, beads, etc. Place your tools together in one place where they are easily accessible. - Ordinary sewing scissors are usually not advisable. A good pair of slender, sharp pointed embroidery scissors (like surgical scissors) is essential. - A box of lace pins and pin cushion are necessary. Lace pins are very fine and will not mark fine silks although they are inclined to bend if the material is too tough. - For design you will need tracing and plan white paper, colored tissue papers and some watercolor paints, squared or graph paper for working out canvas designs. - A water color brush No. 0 or 1 for transferring the design by the “picking” and “pouncing” method. - Pencil, thimble, tape measure with metal ends, tailor’s chalk, a plastic square ruler. - Various needles-crewel needles are long sharp points and large eyes to take the thicker thread easily, chenille needles also have sharp points but they are shorter and thicker, tapestry needles have blunt points, beads needles are long and thin with long, thin eye to carry the thread.
There are several ways of obtaining a design. Commercial transfer designs and traced needlework designs already done on the fabric are available. If transfer design technique is used, pick out a pattern which is suited to the fabric and to the type of embroidery intended. Be sure that the transfer is correctly ironed to the material to have a clear outline. Traced needlework design is also called stamped linen. Applying the design to the fabric. - Trace design onto thick tracing paper. 2
- Put the tracing on a thick soft pad of material and pick the design outline or other guidelines with a large darning needle. - Placed the pricked design in position over the material and secure with pins. - Take a pad made from porous materials filled with either talcum powder for use. - Puff the pad along the holes. - Carefully remove the paper and the outlines will be clearly shown in lines of tiny dots to fix this dots go over them with a fine pointed watercolor brush dipped in contrasting watercolor. Be careful not to use too much water or the powder will run.
Some of the Embroidery Stitches -Chain Stitch- simplest way of following a line. The finish work is like a chain. - Stem stitch consist of a long step forward on the front of the fabric and a short one at the back. - Herringbone stitch can be used a filling stitch and hemming stitch. - Lazy Daisy Stitch- used for small flower. - Feather stitch is ideal for finishing hems or edges of embroidered work. In children’s wear it is used for smocking. - Wheat Ear Stitch is used for veining on large leaves or for working ears of com and for borders on children clothes. It is a combination of lazy daisy and fly stitch worked together to make a wheat ear formation. - Buttonhole stitch- used for making borders and edges and buttonholes on garments. - Cretan is taken from Eastern embroideries. Stitches close together to form a solid border or leaf filling, or openly as thin braid-like border. - Romanian stitch- This is a quick filling, that takes the place of satin stitch it is used for broad outlines and fillings, particularly flower or leaf shapes. - Satin stitch is a most useful embroidery filling stitch that gives an all-over effect. - Long and short shading stitches is used to obtain shaded effects by the use of graduated colors of thread.
SMOCKING
Traditionally smocking was a decorative needlework used on the center front and sleeves of the smock Smocking is a kind of needlework used for holding gathers in place and when properly done it is long lasting and extremely decorative. Basic rules in smocking - Every gather must be picked up in the needle if the work is to look good. - Smocking stitches are usually worked from left to right. - When working down, the thread must be over the needle. When working up, the thread is below the needle. - Before starting to smock plan the design carefully a true sense of balance between the different types of stitches should be maintained. - Avoid monotony, try to intersperse straight stitches with those which form a diamond pattern and do not overcrowd the work leave a blank line here and there. - Plan for an attractive blending of colors which will tone or contrast with the fabric such as red or white. Almost any type of fabric can be smocked, but the lighter weight fabrics are the most successful like organdy, voile, fine cotton, poplin, silk shantung and lingerie fabrics. Heavier weights fabrics can be smocked such as linen and velvet. Standard embroidery cotton is the usual thread used for smocking and it is expected to make a thinner strand depending on the weight of the fabric used. Basic Smocking Stitches - Honeycomb smocking is used where the gathers need to be held together but no. - Cable stitch - Chevron stitch - Wave stitch
QUILTING
Quilting is the process of stitching together two layer of fabric usually with soft thick substance between them. The stitches are usually made in a pattern to produce a textured effect unique in quilting. Traditionally, quilting is associated with bedcovers and other bed linen but more articles are being quilted today including garments vest and bags. Kinds of Quilting - Padded Quilting is a type of quilting in which only specified section of the stitch design are padded, to give the design the physical qualities of length, breadth or thickness. It is best to use plain color fabrics. 3
- Corded Quilting is a type of quilting in which linear designs are raised from the background with accord of yam filler. This kind of quilting is often combined with padded quilting to accentuate both the lines and shapes of the design. There are two ways of achieving the raised look. - Stitch the design in two lines through two layers of the fabric. The passages are threaded with yam or other rope like fillers. - The second method involves only one layer of fabric. The cord is laid under the fabric and stitched in place at the same time. - Trapunto or Stuffed quilting is distinguished by the top layer of the quilt or wait hanging is lined and selected areas are outlined with running stitch Stuffing as pushed into the areas from the back to emphasize them and make them stand out more distinctly. - Shadow quilting is done by putting in a transparent cloth on the top layer and a fabric with a patched design underneath. Colored wool is used to stuff between layers. The embossed effect can be achieved by using shapes of different thickness and combining them with appliqué and other types of stitches. - Sashiko is a form of quilting which originated in Japan as a plain running stitch made to strengthen or repair a fabric padded or unpadded.
Tools and Materials for piercing and Quilting - Needles- a “between” needles is considered best in piercing. - Thread polyester core-wrapped thread is used. - Pins- ordinary pins or plastic headed pins can be used. - Scissors- They come in variety of shapes and sizes. - Other tools are ruler, pencils thimble.
Fabrics used in Quilting - Batting, or wadding, is the padding that gives the embossed surface to the top layer. - Filler-the bottom layer or lining placed after the filler. Best for backing is heavy and compact material to prove the support for the wadding like flannel woolen and cotton material.
HAND MADE PRODUCT BASKETRY
Basketry is a general term which includes basket making, its process or art, basketwork. The technique of stitches or ornaments, basket ware, a collection of finished products. Basketry is the process of weaving twigs grasses, roots and other pliable materials into containers or baskets. Types of basket found in the Philippines. Snare and traps, holding basket, carrying basket, sieves and strainers. Factors in designing the basket. - In the construction of any basket take into consideration the law of line, form, area in the color harmony in making the proper shape as well as in observing the relative proportion of the parts.
Source of Splints - Splints from stalk bamboo, cogon, talahib, rattan. - Splints from petroles, sugar palmbun, coconut palm nipa. - Splints from stem roots nito kilog.
Safety precautions while working - Do not compress the leaves tightly in order to have an equal distribution of colors. - The leaves should be submerged during the process of dyeing. - Do not put the materials under the sun when drying because this will cause the color to fade.
Terms -
Dyeing is the process of coloring splints, strips and other materials to be more attractive. Splints fairly loose stiff fibrous pieces split from stalks, stem and other parts of the plant used as ribs or weavers in and the like. Strips rather thin, supple soft, more or less flat strips taken from any stalks petioles or from a thin leaf blade.
4
RATTAN CRAFT Rattan is found nearly all- mountainous regions in the Philippines especially in the forest and deep shady places. Ordinarily this plant climbs and has a single main stem without branches. Young rattan generally has leaves and spines. The general name of rattan applies to all species of slender scrambling spiny palm of the tropics. The rattan producing provinces in the Philippines are Agusan, Batan, Bulacan, Capiz, Ilocos Sur, Isabel, Laguna, Mindoro, Misamis Oriental, Mountain Province, Occidental Negros, Oriental Negros, Nueva ecija, Palawan, Pangasinan, Rizal Province, Samar, Surigao, Tarlac, Tayabas, and Zamboanga.
Methods in bending rattan stems -
-
For making the framework of chairs and articles where this operation is employed, the stem is cut into the sizes required for the various parts. The pieces are placed in a steam compartment and left there for about ten minutes. Then they are transferred to an iron mold of the desired shape. Being soft and pliable these pieces assume the shape of the mold. Then they are next tied to the mold and allowed to cool and harden. Another method used is by soaking it in fresh water to restore its flexibility though rattan tends to assume a darker color in consequence. Another method which has been found more effective easy and satisfactory is by heating with fire. This is done by Directly heating the part to be bent with the flame of a blow torch. By heating with a piece of metal, preferably a soldering iron. By direct heating with fire without any device used. To obtain the desired shapes in rattan from this method, bending should take place immediately after heating with the use of any molding devices like pipe, fixed guides on a work bench, or by the use of the knee, and the like allowing several minutes to cool off to obtain good results.
Common uses of Rattan - Rattan splints are used in making baskets and hats, tying rims of baskets, caning the bottom of chairs, wrapping the joints in bamboo and rattan. - Unsplit stem is used for framing work like picture frame, framework of furniture and others.
Bleaching Agents - Sunshine is the most reliable agent for all purposes, but most frequently material being bleached are treated with water to which certain bleaching agents have been added Sodium peroxide is the best chemical bleaching agent. This chemical however, impairs the strength of the materials if the solution is too strong, and the process of boiling is not regulated. - Other bleaching agents: Tamarind. The leaves added to boiling water acts as bleaching. The young fruit when crushed can be used instead of the leaves. Pandakaki. The leaves of the plant are used as bleaching agent. Lemon. The juice of the various species and varieties of citrus is employed for bleaching. It is added to the boiling water when the materials are immersed. Vinegar. White vinegar from coconut, nipa, and bun palms, to which no coloring material has been added to the boiling water for bleaching. Alum. Is added to the boiling water in bleaching. It is commonly used in combination with other bleaching agents.
BAMBOO CRAFT Bamboo is one of the most common materials used in house construction, furniture making and in manufacturing other useful articles. The stem or culms of bamboos are cylindrical and generally hollow and separated by partitions or joints called nodes. The process in between nodes is called internodes. The thickness of the very greatly in different species. Shoots are generally developed at the beginning of the rainy season. The young shoots grow very rapidly and reach their full growth in height and thickness, and in most species, the plant assume a feathery appearance. The culms are not considered mature until their branches are fully formed. The mature age of most species is considered to be 30 years. Kinds of bamboo - Spiny bamboo - Zigzag - Kawayan china - Dwarfed - Kawayan killing - Bamboo 5
- Bikal - Buho - bayug Safety precaution - Do not put the splints to be dyed at the same time with the dye. - Do not boil the splint too long. - Clean the container where you will boil the water. - Select the container where you will boil the water. - Put out the fire after bleaching LEATHER CRAFT The first kind of clothing used by man is made of leather. When the Spaniards arrived in the Philippines, in the early part of the 16’Th century, the Filipinos where already adopt in tanning leather. Leather during those days was used as clothing, shelter, footwear, water container, and was also used by Romans as money. Today leather is used in making purses, billfolds, card cases, portfolios, belts slippers, watch fobs, sheaths, shoes key holders, gloves, bags, jackets. Manufacture of Leather - Pelts are the undresses skins of animals with furry coats. - Source of Pelts Hides are obtained from large sized animals such as cows, horses, elephant, carabao, and camel. Skins are obtained from the small sized animals such as calves, sheeps, goats, kangaroos, pigs, and alligator. Kips are the pelts of undersized animals like snakes, lizards. Tanning of leather is the process by which pelts, skins and the ides are smoothen and made pliable, so they will be ready for use. This is simply made by immersing the pelts in chemical solution, or extracts from bark of tree like chestnuts and many others.
Methods of Tanning - Vegetable tanning. This is considered the earliest method in tanning leather. The bark of trees, leaves, and sometimes wood are used and this is called bark tannage. This is very slow process for it requires several months to finish. The pelt is hung on sticks and immersed in vats containing water and extract from hemlock, oak, and other plant material. Everyday the liquid is made stronger by adding more tanning extracts. - Chrome tanning is done with use of chemical like chromium salt. This is applied to the hide which will then produce leather very much different from that produced in the bark tanning method. Other chemicals are also included like salt, copper, crystal, sodium carbonate, and chrome alum. When these chemicals are dissolved, the pelts are immersed in the solution to open the pores of the skin. The pelt should be thoroughly immersed. Twelve hour is sufficient to finish the chrome tanning. - Fur method. This is considered the easiest method. The hair of the pelt is preserved as a decoration on the leather. The chemical compounds used are the grease, oils, or any other compound which may possibly produce leather with different characteristics. The application of the compound is only on the flesh side and never at all on the grain side because it will destroy the hair. The brush is used to apply the compounds and application done three times is enough. Splitting is done with the hands and never with the machine. RECYCLING Recycling is the process of transforming an item which has already been used into another usable quality work. Recycling is now a profitable business transforming bottles, tins, scraps of fabric, seeds of plants feathers and the like into a new decorative article. Potpourri is the term used for a mixture of dried petals, wood ,shaving soap, kernels, dried leaves, wrapped in a piece of then sprayed with essence to serve as room freshener. PART II: ANALYZING TEST ITEMS Direction: write the letter of the correct answer on the blank before the number. 1. Which of the following materials can be used to make garment that could be worn on ordinary occasion? __________ A. bamboo C. Rattan B. leather D. shell Option A. Bamboo is a material used for house construction. Option C. Rattan is used for making furniture. Option D. shell can be used for making garment in part could be decorations for a dress only for especial event and exhibits. 6
Option B. is the right answer. Leather is use in making garment even during the Roman Empire. 2. Which of the following terms in crocheting refers to number of stitch and rows worked to each square that can create or destroy the beauty of the pattern? __________ A. Decreasing C. Tension B. Increasing D. Turns Option A. Decreasing is missing a stitch of a previous row. Option B. Increasing consists of working two stitches into one stitch, instead of just one. Option D. Turns. The term itself is wrong because the right one is turning which means making chain stitches at the end of each row to bring the work into position for the next row. Option C. Tension is the correct answer which means the tightness or the looseness of the stitches which can destroy the beauty of the pattern. 3. There are several embroidery stitches __________ stitch is the embroidery stitch that can be used for embroidering and hemming. A. Buttonholes C. herring bone B. Cretan D. Lazy Daisy Option A. buttonhole is used for making borders and edges like making buttonhole for shirt. Option B. Cretan. This is used for making solid borders and leaf filling. Option D. Lazy Daisy is used for making small flower in a design. Option C. Tension is the correct answer. Herringbone is an embroidery stitch on soft material and slacks. 4. Which of these needle works automatically makes gathers on garment and at the same time as decoration? A. Crocheting C. Quilting B. Embroidery D. Smocking Option A. Crocheting makes usable materials like table runner, centerpiece, etc. using hook and thread. Option B. Embroidery is putting design on garment using needle and thread. Option C. Quilting is stitching together two or three layers of fabric to produce padded effect. Option D. Smocking is the correct answer because it is the needlework used for holding gathers in place and when properly done it is long lasting and extremely decorative. 5. The following are sources of splint stalks, petioles, and roots. Which of the following splint are from stalks? A. Bamboo C. Nipa B. Coconut palm D. Nito Option B. Coconut palm comes from petioles. Option C. Nipa also comes from petioles. Option D. Nito comes from roots. The correct answer is Option A. 6. Bea planned to frame her cross stitch project. It is a rule to have an equal margin for a square frame. Which could be use for measuring the margin _____? A. Ruler C. Tape measure B. Steel square D. Zigzag ruler 7. Abaca is known as “Manila Hemp”. The abundant supply of abaca is in _____? A. Bicol C. Mindanao B. Bohol D. Tarlac 8. The following are hand tools needed in making rattan projects except _____? A. Bolo C. plane B. Hammer D. saw 9. Fibers from banana, abaca, and maguey can be extracted using the following except _____? A. Dull knife C. fingernails B. Sharp knife D. Broken pottery object 10. is an industrial fiber from the coconut husk. It is flexible and can be bent and be used to make different products except _____? A. Ash tray C. door mats B. Cushion D. duster 11. Which is a better way of nailing bamboo _____? A. Heat the nail C. smoothen the rough surface B. Bore a little hole in the bamboo D. sharpen the end of the bamboo 12. Rattan is widely used material in the field of craftsmanship. What is the most reliable and cheaper way of treating rattan _____? A. Exposing to sunlight C. smocking B. Dressing D. tanning 13. Pina cloth becomes more expensive when it is made into _____? A. Barong C. cushions 7
B. Camesa de chino D. veils 14. It is defined as a art of decorative stitching especially by hand _____? A. Embroidery C. Handcrafts B. Crocheting D. Smocking 15. IT is a type of open work embroidery which is done mostly on even-weave fabrics _____? A. Hard anger C. Oblique B. Italian D. Pilot 16. The following are the three fillings used in hard anger embroidery, which is not? A. Doves eye C. Oblique loop B. Cloister blocks D. Slip stitch 17. Which of the following material cannot be used in Italian hemstitching? A. Cotton C. Linen B. Gabardine D. Silk 18. Crochet is a French word for _________. A. Hook C. pins B. Needle D. thread 19. What do you call the material use in between the top and under fabric quilting? A. Backing C. topping B. Filler D. trimmer 20. Daniel bent rattan stem through heating. Which of the following procedure not part of this method? A. Heating the part to be bend with the flame of blow torch B. Heating with a piece of metal using soldering C. Direct heating with fire D. Retting method 21. You plan to make a shawl made of yarn thread. The number of hook is A. 5 C. 10 B. 8 D. 13 22. Which of the following statement is true? A. Double crochet stitch can be done without chain stitch B. Chain stitch is done at the end of the finished crocheted material C. All crochet pattern begin with chain stitch D. Slip stitch starts the work of a crochet pattern 23. If you will join crochet stitches which of these crochet stitches will you use? A. Double stitch C. single stitch B. Half double stitch D. Slip stitch 24. If you Skip or miss a crochet stitch of previous row you are ___________. A. Decreasing C. Increasing B. Finishing D. turning 25. Which of the following fabric considered best for embroidery? A. Cotton C. Silk B. Linen D. Wool
1.
2. 3.
4. 5.
6.
PART III: ENHANCING TEST TAKING SKILLS Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer on the blank before the number. You are assigned to make a cross stitch design. The thread you are going to use comes in________. A. Ball C. strand B. skein D. yarn The following are materials used for embroidery except__________. A. beads C. needle B. embroidery threads D. Shell For a successful embroidery work. Design has to be accurately transferred to the fabric, so Nita used traced needle work, this is done through____________. A. Tracing with the use of carbon paper and tracing wheel B. Pricking and pouching with talcum powder C. Directly drawing design on fabric D. Transferring design using tailored chalk Grace will make a delicate design for crocheted table cloth what thread will she uses? A. Crochet thread C. stranded thread B. Finer mercerized thread D. yarn thread How will you finish a crocheted article? A. Draw the end through the last loop on the hook and pull it tight B. Cut the thread and full it tight C. Darn the end thread D. Cut the end thread short The following are use for tracing design for embroidery which is not? A. Carbon paper C. Tailored chalk 8
B. Plain white paper D. tracing wheel 7. You used thick thread for you embroidery work which needle will you use? A. Beads needle C. Crewel B. Chenille D. Tapestry needle 8. How is the transferred design unique done in transferring embroidery design? A. Trace use design on thick fabric B. Take the pad from porous material filled with talcum powder C. Puff the pad along holes D. Iron the design to the fabric 9. This embroidery stitch which is combination of lazy daisy and fly stitch use for borders on children ‘s garment A. Lazy Daisy C. Satin stitch B. Fly stitch D. Wheat ear stitch 10. Any type of fabric can be smocked but the lighter fabric is most successful like _________. A. Colduroy C. maong B. Double knit D. voice 11. Which of the following heavy fabric can be smocked? A. Canvass C. velvet B. Khaki D. wool 12. This is the process of weaving twigs, grasses, roots and other pliable materials into containers. A. Bamboo craft C. leather craft B. Basketry D. tapestry 13. What should not be done when dyeing splints of bamboo? A. The leaves should be submerged during the process of dyeing B. Do not compress the leaves tightly C. Put the material under the sun when drying D. Hang the material in shaded area 14. What do you call the process of coloring splints, strips and other materials to be more attractive? A. Dyeing C. Painting B. Embossing D. tanning 15. What type of quilting is used in which linear designs are raised from the background with yarn filler? A. Corded quilting C. Sachiko B. Padded quilting D. Trapunto 16. Lia made a quilted bag where she uses just plain machine stitching. The kind of quilting used is ___________. A. Padded C. Shadow B. Sachiko D. trapunto 17. What kind of needle is best for quilting? A. Between C. Crewel B. Chenille D. Tapesstry 18. The fabric that gives the embossed surface to the top layer of quilted materials is___________. A. Backing C. Filler B. Batting D. Flannel 19. The following are best materials for backing is heavy and compact material to provide support for the wadding except ____________ A. Chinese cotton C. Flannel B. Denim D. wool 20. The following are ways of bending rattan stems which is not? A. Direct heating C. Soaking fresh water B. Steaming D. Sun drying 21. Rattan splints are used for making this material except_____________. A. Basket C. Picture frame B. Hats D. rim of baskets 22. Pelts, skins and hide leather are smoothen and made pliable through the process of A. Embossing C. Tanning B. Tooling D. Welding 23. There are different sources of pelts as hides, skins and kips. Kips are obtain from A. Cows C. Lizards B. Horse D. pigs 24. The _________ tanning is the earliest method of tanning leather? A. Fruit C. Skin B. Tree D. Vegetables 25. The edge of leather wallet can be finished by ___________. A. Lacing C. Tooling B. Stamping D. Untoolings 9
10
