3 MS Scaffolding

METH OD STATEMEN TATEMEN T GENERAL PROJECT SCAFFOLDING WORKS

M E TH OD STA STATE TE M E N T BS ST AN D ARD

PROJECT: WORK

:

CLIENT

:

SCA CAFF FFOLD OLD IN G WOR ORK K

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INDEX

3

INTRODUCTION

4 SCOPE OF WORK 5 MAN MAN AGEME N T GUIDAN GUIDAN CES 6 APPLICABLE PPLICABLE RE GULATI GULATI ON S AN D STAND ARDS 7 SCAFFO CAFFO LDI N G DE SIGN 8 SCAFF CAFFOLD OLD IN G MATE MATE RIAL 9 GEN ERAL ERAL ERE CTION PROCEDURES 10 SCAFFOLDING TYPES 11 IN SPE CTIO N 12 SCAFF SCAFF O LDT LD T AG SYSTE SYSTE M 13 MODIFICATION 14 H AZARDS ZARDS DURIN G ERECTI ON , USE USE AN AN D DISMAN DISMAN TLE O F SCAFFOLD 15 SAFETY SIGNS AND BARRIERS 16 PRECAUTIO PRECAUTIO N S DURIN G ERECTION AN D DISMAN DISMAN TLE 17 REQUEST TO E RECT AN AN D DISMAN DISMAN TLE BY USER USER / CLIEN TLEVEL LEVEL O F URGEN CY 16 COMPETENCE AND TRAINING

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1

INTRODUCTION This METHOD STATEMENT is specially prepared for the Provision of Specialist Scaffolding Services for the PROJECT to be undertaken by SCAFFOLDING CONS CON STRUCTIO TRUCTION N (SC) (SC)

2

SCOPE OF WORK SCAFFO CAFFOLDIN LDING G CONS CON STRUCTIO TRUCTION N (SC) (SC) has bee b een n invited invited to bid and upon successful successful award award if the Contract Cont ract will will be engaged engaged to provide pr ovide Site Site Wide Wide Scaffolding Scaffolding Services Services for the th e above-ment above-mentioned ioned Project. The Scope of work shall be summarized below:iii)

Provision Pro vision of sufficient scaffolding materials, accessories, labor, hand tools, to ols, PPE and Supervision to meet the project site scaffolding requirements. iii)

Responsible for the th e planning, design, erection, alteration alteration,, inspection and dismantle of any scaffolding work to British Standard as required to provide safe access and 100% fall protection in connection to all construction works and other related works of the project.

3

MAN MAN AGEMEN T GUIDAN GUIDAN CES SCAFFOLDING CONSTRUCTION (SC) shall - mandatory iii)

E nsure nsur e that all all its employees employees adhere to the recognized standard standar d or code of practice with respect to the selection, erection erection and possible p ossible modificati modifications ons o f scaffolds.

iii)

Appoint fully trained Scaffold Scaffold Supervisors.

iii)

Provide proper pro per training for its scaffolders and ensure that the Scaffolding Scaffolding Supervisor Supervisor properly prop erly monitors the performance p erformance of scaffolders. scaffolders.

iii)

Provide adequate personnel perso nnel protective pro tective equipment (PPE) (PPE ) such as gloves, gloves, coveralls, coveralls, head protection pro tection,, safety foot-wea foot -wear, r, harnesses, lifelines, lifelines, safety safet y nets, and when working above water, life jackets. Ensure the proper use of all personal protective equipment (PPE) provided.

iii)

Carry out regular regular quality control contr ol and safety checks on scaffolding materials and on erected scaffolds.

iii)

Adhere to the written hand-over hand- over procedures pro cedures and maintain good communication with the scaffolding Supervisor at all times.

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iii)

E nsure nsur e safe dismantling of scaffolding and site clearance clearance upon upo n completion completio n of the th e job.

CLIENT shall:

4

iii)

E nsure nsur e at all times t hat scaffolding scaffolding is safely used by users and and not modified without authorization.

iii) iii)

Ensure En sure that users report defects defects and unauthorized modifica modifications tions of the scaffolding scaffolding to the scaffolding supervisor.

iii)

E nsure nsur e that users inform the scaffolding supervisor when scaffolding is no longer required and is available for dismantling.

APPLI CABLE CABLE REGULATION S AN D STAND ARDS i)

BS E N 12811-1: 2003 ‘Temporary Tempor ary works equipment – Part 1: 1: Scaffolds – Performance requirements and general design’.

iii)

BS EN 39: 2001 ‘Loose steel tubes for tube and coupler scaffolds – technical delivery conditions’.

iii)

BS E N 131-1:19 131-1:1993 93 ‘Ladders Part 1 Specification Specification for terms, types, functional funct ional sizes’. sizes’.

iii)

BS E N 131-2:1993 131-2:1993 ‘Ladders- requirements, testing, test ing, marking’. marking’.

iii)

BS2482: BS2482: Specification for Timber Scaffold Boards. Board s.

iii)

BS5974: BS5974: Code of Practice for temporarily tempor arily installed suspended scaffolds and access equipment.

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5

SCAFFO CAFFO LDIN G DE SIGN

The access access and workings workings scaffolds listed listed in Table -1, with their construction const ruction criteria, cr iteria, shall be designed by SCAFFO SCAFFO LDIN G CON STRUCTIO N (SC) (SC) in accord accordance ance with appropriate appro priate BS Stand Standards. ards. All other scaffolds, and all scaffolds which are the subject of a specific user request outside the prespecifie specified d format fo rmat of Table 1, shall be designe designed d by SCAFFOLD SCAFFOLD ING IN G CONS CON STRUCTION (SC) (SC) to to the requirements requirements and approval approval of client. client.

Table 1 – Loads and Dimensions for Tubes and Fittings Scaffold Type of scaffold

Use of scaffold

Scaffold loading per m2

Maximum number of working platforms

Very light duty independent Very light duty independent

Inspection access and painting Power cleaning, painting, light engineering Light engineering, e.g. welding or electrical Heavy engineering, e.g. large pipe work of structual

75 kg.

150 kg.

General purpose independent Heavy duty independent

Special purpose

200 kg.

250 kg.

To be stated on design drawings

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Maximum spacing between standards

Typical load examples per ba y

1 working platform

2.7 m.

1 man+ tool. No materials materials

2 working platform

2.4 m.

2 men+ tool. No materials materials

2 working platforms+ 1at very light duty 2 working platforms+ 1at very light duty

2.1 m.

2 men+ 175kg.of materials

2.0 m.

2 men+ 250kg.of materials


3

SCAFFO CAFFO LDIN G MATE MATE RIAL RIAL Scaffold Materials Standards Materials Materials Steel Tub e

Standard BS 1139 Part 1 and 2

Fitting Fitt ing

BS 1139 Part 1 and 2

Boards

BS 2482

Additional Requirements. Only Galvanized tube to be used. Used tubes to be regularly regularly inspected and cleaned. All tubes to be checked before used for corrosion and general condition, Defective tubes to be discarded. Butt welded welded tubes may be used on condition that the welding has been carried out to an approved procedure All fittings to be examined before use for damage and wear. Damaged or worn fittings fittings to be discarded. No heat to be applied to fittings. Moving parts to be lubricated. To be clean and free of nails, free of warping and significant cracks. Not to be painted.

When scaffolding is erected in areas where high levels of radiated heat are unavoidable encountered, e.g. where high temperature pipe work is in close proximity, timber scaffold boards may be exposed to the risk of burning or charring. In these circumstances, the use of pressed steel staging boards is an acceptable alternative. Note: Aluminium tubes, tub es, fittings, fitt ings, components compon ents and proprietary pro prietary system frames are vulnerable in the case of fire and are potentially spark producing, If they are to be used where flammable atmospheres could be present during normal operations, their use shall shall be controlled cont rolled the work permit system and precautions precaution s specified to ensure ensur e a safe atmosph atmos phere ere is provided. pro vided. If a safe atmosphere atmosp here cannot be reliably provided, equipment manufactured manufactur ed from steel shall be used.

7

GENE RAL RAL E RECTION PROCEDURES PROCEDURES.. There are many types of scaffolding that may be erected on a construction site, some of which are documented document ed in in this th is Code of Practice: The physi ph ysical cal environment of the work area will will determine the type of o f scaffold to be erected, however, there th ere are safety precautions precaution s and recommended recommend ed work practices common to all scaffolding.

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a)

Planning In order to satisfy the requirement requirement of o f personnel personn el intending to work from the t he working platform, platform, the scaffolder will need to liaise with those personnel, the maximum load likely to be placed on the working platform, the area of working platform necessary to carry out the work, positioning of access ladders and a comfortable working height for the working platform will all need to be discussed. Any hazards involved with the th e erection shall be identified at the th e planning stage and appropriate approp riate precautions taken. Proximi Pro ximity ty to live live electrical electrical equipment or interface problems pro blems may need to be given consideration.

b)

Bracing & Ties. All scaffolds shall be braced and tied to form a rigid stable structure. There are minimum requirements for bracing and tying tying scaffold scaffold but these is a guide only on ly to the t he scaffolder. scaffolder. A priority prior ity concern of the scaffolder is to provide pro vide a safe working platform platfor m free from movement. If this priority prior ity is not satisfied satisfied on completion of the minimum minimum requirements requirements for bracing and tying, tying, the scaffolder scaffolder is bound to include such extra ties and braces as in needed. i)

Braces.

With the exception of tower and single bay scaffolds, face braces shall be provided that are attached to the t he external row of standards of the scaffold scaffold as as close to the th e junction junction of the t he ledge ledgerr and standard as is practicable and extend to the full length and height of the scaffolding. Transverse braces shall be provided that are attached diagonally in every lift joining the internal and external standards at both ends of the scaffold and at intervals not exceeding 25 metres. Tower and single bay scaffolding shall be provided pro vided with braces diagonally diagonally in every face in every lift of the scaffold. ii)

Ties.

Ties shall shall be provided that th at are att attached ached by 90 couplers to the outside and inside standards or ledgers ledgers as close as possible to the junction of ledgers and standards. They shall be located horizontally no further than one bay from the ends and at intervals not exceeding 3 bays. They shall be located vertically in the first lift and at intervals not exceeding 4 metres. c)

Guard Rails Rails All working platfo platform rm above a height height of o f 2 metres or at any height less than 2 metres where a hazard such as starter st arter bars exists, shall be b e provided p rovided with double dou ble guard rails and kickboards to all open edges. The guard rails shall consist of a top rail erected 1 metre above the working platform and a midrail erected midway between the top rail and the working platform.

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Kickboards shall extend a minimum of 200mm above the working platform and shall be secured firmly to the standards. Puncheons may be fixed to the guard rails to facilitate the securing of kickboards if necessary. d)

Scafftags Upon completion of the scaffolding the scaffolder shall affix a scaffold complete Scafftag to the base of the scaffold at the point of access. The Scafftag shall display the following information; Location Ref. No. Date erected Requested by Built by Foreman Signature Safe Working Load During erection, alteration or dismantling of the scaffolding a scaffold incomplete sign of scafftag shall be displayed. Personal other than scaffolders are not permitted to access a scaffold while the incomplete sign or scafftag is displayed.

e)

Dismantling Prior to any dismantling of scaffolding taking place and during the dismantling procedure, the following safety precautions shall be observed: The scafftag is to be changed from “Complete” status to “Incomplete” status. The area at ground level is to be barricaded with general purpose bunting and a sign displayed stating “Danger – Men Working Above” All planks are to be turned to remove dust and dirt that may cause eye injuries. Care shall be taken to ensure personnel perso nnel are not working wor king below below when plank cleaning cleaning is taking place. place. All All horizontal horizon tal tubes, once removed, shall be turned to the vertical to remove grit and metal flakes from inside the tubes to avoid eye injuries during lowering operation.

8

TYPES O F SCAFFO CAFFO LD In all cases, the following scaffold types are to be subject to specific design by SCAFFOLDING CONSTRUCTION (SC) when the client may require to approve in detail prior to erection: Independent Tube & Fitting Scaffolding. Independent Modular Scaffolding. Tower Scaffolding-Tube & Fitting. Drop Dr op Scaffolding. caffolding. Mobile Scaffolding-Tub Scaffolding-Tubee & fitting. fittin g. Birdcage Scaffolding. Cantilever Scaffolding. Light Duty Suspended Stages

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8.1

IN DEPE NDE N T TUBE & FITTIN G SCAFFOLDING. CAFFOLDING.

a)

Definition An independent independ ent scaffold scaffo ld consists consist s of two t wo rows of standards, stand ards, joined longitudinally longitud inally by ledgers and transversely transversely by transoms and / or putlogs and is braced and tied to form a rigi rigid d stable structure.

b)

Bay Sizes Heavy duty Medium duty dut y Light duty dut y

c)

1.8m x 1.5m 2.4m x 1.5m 3.0m x 1.5m

Loadings One working platform in a bay of independent tube and fitting scaffolding shall not be loaded in excess of followi fo llowing; ng; Heavy duty Medium duty dut y Light duty dut y

625 kg 430 kg 180 kg

The load to be placed on the working platform is to be distributed evenly over the area of the working platform but any concentrated concentrated loading is to be borne b orne by the th e standards. No more than two working platforms are to be fully loaded per bay but this number may be increased provided the total loading per bay does not exceed the total of two fully loaded bays. d)

Erection All gear gear to be b e used in the erection of an independent ind ependent scaffold will be laid out nearly and and sorted sort ed into sizes for easy access. It will be necessary to erect general purpose bunting around the gear so as not to create create a trip hazard for other o ther personnel. The area to be scaffolded scaffolded will will have general purpose bunting erected at ground level and a sign strating “caution – men working above“ displayed prominently to protect personnel from hazards involved in the erection of the scaffold. The surface to support the scaffold should be checked to ensure it is even and free from obstructions. If required, level the ground surface at the ground surface at the point’s standards are to be located. For ground surfaces other than concrete slabs, timber sole plates are to be placed at the required spacing for the scaffold to be erected, i.e. heavy duty, dut y, medium duty or light light duty. du ty. Base plates of mild steel with an area no less than 0.0225m2 x 6mm thick are to be positioned on the sole plate. If the scaffold is to be erected on a concrete slab, the base

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plates may be placed directly on that surface without the use of timber sole plate. The standards may then be placed on the base plates as required. Temporary raked raked tubes t ubes should be used to plumb the first two t wo standards and may be removed at such time as the scaffold is self supporting through the fixing of addition member. Caution must be observed at this base lift of the scaffold to ensure joins do not occur in adjacent standards in the same lift lift and in adjacent adjacent ledgers in in the same bay. bay. Appropriate Approp riate tube tub e sizes are selected at the th e planning p lanning stage to t o satisfy these th ese criteria. crit eria. All horizontal hor izontal members are to be made level and all standards made plumb with the use of an accurate spirit level. On completion of the base lift a two board wide platform is to be provided to enable scaffolders to erect t he next lift. The T he minimum working workin g platform platfo rm width width for use by scaffolders to erect all additional lifts lifts is is two two boards. The working working platform platform to be provided provided for other personnel at the required heights must conform to the standards set down in Section 4. During the erection of the scaffold, and while any alterations to the scaffold are being carried out, a “scaffold incomplete” sign is to be displayed prominently at the base of the scaffold. On completion of the t he scaffold, scaffold, a “scaffold “scaffold complete” sign sign is to be display displayed ed prominently at the base of the th e access to the th e scaffold, and in a manner mann er so as not to cause in in to be b e dislodged by any inadvertent action. 8.2 8.2 a)

IN DEP EN DEN T MODULAR MODULAR SCAFFO CAFFO LDIN G. Definition Modular scaffolding consists of pre-fabricates members that lock together using a variety of patented fixing points located at approximately 0.5 m intervals on the standards.

b)

Bay Sizes Sizes Standard tand ard spacing spacing for modular scaffolding may vary from those th ose set down for tube tub e and fitting scaffol scaffolding ding provided approval has been granted but the Department of O ccupational Health H ealth Safety Safety and Welfare Welfare / An example of this variation variation is the th e 2.4m transoms transo ms available in the wedge lock system that enable the scaffolder to erect 2.4m x 2.4m medium duty bays. The standard spacing is limited to the following:Heavy duty dut y Medium duty Light duty

1.8m x 1.5m 2.4m x 1.5m 3.0m x 1.5m

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c)

Loadings One working platform in a bay of independent modular scaffold shall not be loaded in excess of the following; Heavy Heav y duty dut y 625 kg Medium Medium duty dut y 430 kg Light duty dut y 180 kg The load to be placed on the working platform is to be distributed evenly over the area of the working platform but any concentrated loadings is to be borne by the standards. No more than two working platforms are to be fully loaded per bay but this number may be increased provided pro vided the th e total tot al loading loadin g per bay does d oes not exceed exceed the total to tal of two fully loaded platforms.

d)

Erection All gear to be used in the erectin of independent modular scaffolding will be laid out neatly and standards sorted into sizes for easy access. General purpose bunting will be erected around the gear so as not to create a trip hazard for other personnel. The area to be scaffolded will have general purpose bunting erected at ground level and a sign stating “caution – men working above” displayed prominently to protect personnel from hazards involved in the erection of the scaffold. The surface to support the scaffold should be checked to ensure it is even and free from obstructions. obstru ctions. If I f required, level level the ground surface surface at the point’s standards arte to be located. located. For ground surfaces other than concrete slabs, timber sole plates are to be placed at the required spacing for the scaffold to be erected, i.e. heavy duty, medium duty and light duty. Adjustable base plates or “screw “screw jacks jacks”” are to be positioned on the th e sole plates plates to accommodate accommodate the standards. If the th e scaffold is to t o be erected on a concrete co ncrete slab the t he adjustable base plates may be placed placed directly on that surface without the use of timber sole plates. Caution must be observed at this base lift of the scaffold to ensure joins do not occur in adjacent standards in the same lift. Appropriate standard sizes are selected at the planning stage to satisfy these criteria. Legers, transoms and braces are fixed to the standards using the patented fixing methods and each member will will be made level using the adjustable base plate and and an accurate spirit le level. vel. Bracing Bracing is to be installed “progressi “pro gressively vely”” at the th e required locations, lo cations, not as an afterthought afterth ought at the th e completion of the scaffold. Ties securing the th e scaffold to the building pr structure structu re as set down in Schedule Schedule 6 of O ccupational ccupatio nal H ealth ealth,, Safety and Welfare Regulation Regulation 1988 are to t o be b e install inst alled ed as an integral part of each lift.

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On completion of the base lift, a tow board wide platform is to be provided to enable scaffolders to erect t he next lift. The T he minimum working platform platfo rm width width for use by scaffolders to erect all additional lifts is two boards. The working platform to be provided for other personnel at the required height or heights must conform to the standards set down in Section 4. Where hop-up brackets are used as an extension of the working platform width, they must be restrained from rotation by approved tie bars. A two board hop-up bracket will not be used to accommodate one board. During the erection of the scaffold and while any alterations to the scaffold are being carried out, a “scaffold incomplete” sign is to be displayed prominently at the base of the scaffold. 8.3 8.3 a)

TO WE R SCAFFOLDI CAFFOLDI N G – TUBE & FIT TIN G. Definition A tower scaffolding s caffolding consists o f four fou r joined t ogether longitudinally by ledgers ledgers and transversely by transoms and/ or putlogs and is braced and tied to form a rigid rigid stable stable structure. A tower is basically four parallel trusses on end and joined in the form of a box to support a working platform.

b)

Bay Sizes The minimum base dimension of a tower is 1.2m x 1.2m. The maximum base dimension of a tower is 3.0m x 2.4m.

c)

Height The maximum height of a free standing tower is three times the least base dimension measured centre to centre of the standards. The maximum height of a tied tower is 45 meters. The maximum height of a guyed tower is 15 meters.

d)

Loadings Not No t more than t han one working platform shall be erected erected on a tower t ower scaffold scaffold although intermediary intermediary landing platforms platfor ms may be erected for access to the th e working platform. The Th e working platform on a tower scaffold shall not exceed the following loadings; Heavy Heav y duty dut y Medium duty dut y Light duty dut y

625 kg. 430 kg. 180 kg.

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e)

Erection All gear to be used in the erection of a tower scaffold will be laid out neatly and sorted into sizes for easy access. It will be necessary to erect general purpose bunting around the gear so as not to create a trip hazard for other personnel. The area to be scaffolded will have general purpose bunting erected at ground level and a sign stating “caution – men working above” displayed prominently to protect personnel from hazards involved in the erection of the scaffold. The surface to support the scaffold should be checked to ensure it is even and free from obstructions. If required, level the ground surface at the points standards are to be located. For ground surfaces other than concrete slabs, timber sole plates are to be placed at the required spacing for the scaffold to be erected, i.e. i.e. heavy duty dut y, medium duty or light duty dut y. Base Base plates of mild steel with an area no less than 0.225m2 x 6mm thick are to be positioned on the sole plates. If the scaffold is to be erected on a concrete slab, the base plates may be placed directly on that surface without the use of timber sole plates. Temporary raked raked tubes t ubes should be used to plumb the first two t wo standards and may be removed at at such time as the scaffold is self supporting through the fixing of addition members. Caution must be observed at the base lift of the scaffold to ensure joins do not occur in adjacent standards in the same lift. Appropriate tube sizes are selected at the planning stage to satisfy these criteria. All horizont h orizont al members are to be made level level and all standards stand ards are to be made plumb using an accurate spirit level. A spreader may be used to accurately guage the diagonals of the tower to ensure the standards remain plumb and prevent “corkscrewing” On completion of the base lift a two board wide platform is to be provided to enable scaffolders erect the th e next lift. The minimum working platform width for use by scaffolders to erect all additional lifts lifts is two boards. The working working platform platform to be provided provided for other personnel at the required height must conform to the standards set down in Section 5. When the span of the t he putlogs pu tlogs supporting working platform platform exceed exceed 1.5 metres, they will will be support ed by a puncheon to a lower member, or strutted to lower members. During the erection of the scaffold, and while any alterations to the scaffold are being carried out, a “scaffold incomplete” sign is to be displayed prominently at the base of the scaffold. On completion of the t he scaffold, scaffold, a “scaffold “scaffold complete” sign sign is to be display displayed ed prominently at the base of the th e access access to t o th e scaffold, scaffold, and in a manner so as not to cause it to be dislodged dislodged by any inadvertent action.

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f)

Bracing Diagonal face bracing will be installed “progressively” on all faces of a tower scaffold. Where it is not possible to install such bracing due to protrusions from the building, that face will be tied in the manner outlined out lined in AS1576 AS1576 – 1974. Diagonal plan bracing shall be installed at every third th ird lift lift of the tower scaffolding scaffolding to t o the full height height of the tower scaffolding. scaffolding.

h)

Access T owers owers Where the tower to wer scaffolding scaffolding is erected to provide pr ovide access access to a work area above above 6 metres in height, the th e landing places for the ladders must be fully decked (except when access is provided). The maximum spacing between landing places shall be 6 metres. The platform shall have a safe means of access which shall always be on the narrowest side of the tower. Access may be achieved in the following ways: ways: •

•

•

By vertical ladders ladders attached internally to the t he narrow narro w side clear clear hand and foot holds h olds shall be provided, pro vided, by b y blocking b locking piece p iecess if necessary. necessary. Where vertical vert ical ladders ladd ers rise r ise more than 9 m, an intermediate landing shall be provided. By internal stairways or inclined ladders. By ladder sections integral with the frame members. These are to be climbed from inside the tower. Rungs shall be no more than 300 mm apart and the stiles no more than 500 mm apart.

Climbing the tower by using the horizontal members is not permitted. With a prefabricated tower, access to a platform made of scaffold boards is difficult when the tower is climbed from the inside. Platform boards incorporating a trapdoor or hatch are therefore preferred. With tube and fitting tower, scaffold boards may be used and the platform constructed so that there is a permanent access opening adjacent adjacent to the t he ladder. ladder. This opening open ing shall be as possible po ssible to allow allow safe access access and provided there is adequate support supp ort,, a loos loosee cover may be used u sed to protect pro tect the t he opening while people peop le are ar e on the th e platform. platfor m. With a tube tub e and fittin fittings gs steel tower, the ladder shall, shall, where possible, be lashed to the inside. If it has to be lashed to the outside, the access opening in the guard rail shall be protected pro tected by a hinged section or some other ot her equally effective means. With all other oth er towers, to wers, the t he ladder ladder shall be fixed fixed on the inside. Ladders shall never be placed placed on the th e platform platform to t o extend the th e height of the t he tower, nor shall be leaned leaned against against the side of a to wer. wer. Tools and heavy loads shall not be carried but hauled up or lowered down by a person on the platform within within the t he confines of the t ower. ower.

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8.4 8.4

DRO P SCAFFO CAFFO LDIN G.

a)

Definition A drop or hanging scaffold consists of two or more rows of standards, joined longitudinally by ledgers ledgers and transversel trans versely y by transoms and putlogs put logs and and braced br aced to form for m a rigid stable structure stru cture that th at is secured to overhead overh ead suppor sup ports ts of sufficient capacity capacity to withstand any load likely likely to be imposed on such overhead supports.

b)

Application A drop scaffold is erected where it is not possible or it is not practicable to erect a scaffold from the ground.

c)

Drop Tub e Spacing The maximum spacing of drop tubes tub es support suppo rting ing the working platform plat form of hanging h anging scaffolding shall be as for medium duty and light dut duty y independent independ ent tube t ube and fitting fit ting scaffold. Medium duty dut y Light duty dut y

2.4m x 1.5m 3.0m x 1.5m

Any work to be performed from the working platform of a drop scaffold requiring the drop scaffold to be erected to heavy duty specifications and shall only be erected with prior approval. d)

Maximum Maximum Drop The maximum distance that a working platform may be erected from overhead supports is three lifts or six metres. Single lengths of tube only, are to be used as drop tubes, there are to be no joins or “dropping again” from ledgers or transoms.

e)

Loadings One only working platform per bay of drop scaffolding shall be loaded at any one time and such working platform shall not be loaded in excess of the following:

f)

Medium duty dut y

430 kg.

Light duty dut y

180 kg.

Erection All gear gear to be used in the erection erectio n of a hanging scaffold will will be laid out nearly and and sort ed into sizes for easy access. The physical environment of the area to be scaffolded will determine whether the gear to be used in the erection of the scaffold will be passes up or

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passed down. d own. This d ecision will be made during dur ing the th e job safety analysis analysis discussion between the th e work supervisor and the licensed scaffolders. Prior to commencement of work, the area at ground level beneath the proposed scaffold will be barricaded with general purpose bunting and a sign displayed prominently stating – “Danger – Men Working Above”. All gear to be used in the erection of the scaffold will have general purpose bunting erected around the storage area to prevent trip hazards to other personnel. i) Grid Mesh used as Overhead Supports Grid mesh may be used as an overhead support for drop tubes. An approved closed eye bracket welded welded to the th e end of the scaffold tube shall be retained in the grid grid mesh by a mild mild steel pin 20mm in diameter and 400mm in length. The pin shall s hall be prevented p revented from fro m movement or dislodgement through inadvertent action by being lashed securely to the grid mesh with a suitable fire retardant lashing. Prior to raising or lowering the drop tubes into position a short tube approximately 300mm shall be fixed with a 90 coupler to the lower end of the drop tubes. This short tube affords the scaffolder a degree of comfort when erecting the initial ledgers and transoms and shall not be substituted by a 90 coupler. Scaffolders are permitted to access the lower end of the drop tube by sliding sown the tube to the “T” piece or by walking the steel beams if the former is not practicable. It is paramount for the scaffolder to secure his lanyard to the drop tube prior to descending to the “T” piece. The lanyard will be given two full turns on the drop tube and secured back to the second belt ring, and shall only be removed to relocate to another member. As there will be two scaffolders involved involved in fixi fixing ng the first lift, lift, it it will will not be necessary necessary for either to traverse the longitudinal longitudinal spacing between the drop tubes. This negates negates the practice of moving about during the initial initial erection stage without anti-fall protection. As early as is practicable the working platform planks and guard rails shall be installed and only when this is complete may anti-fall protection be removed. The nature of the overhead supports will cause the scaffold to sway considerably and must be eliminated as early as possible by bracing all faces of the scaffold and where possible, by the installation of ties. Subsequent lifts may be installed in the scaffolding at maximum spacing of 2 metres and are erected as for independent t ube and fitting fitt ing scaffolding scaffolding.. Where Where the scaffolder is in in a stationary position during the th e erection of subsequent subsequen t lifts, and guard rails are not provided, pro vided, he will secure his lanyard to a member of the scaffold. Access shall be provided to the working platform via a ladder or ladders placed inside the drop scaffold. When more than one ladder is providing access to the working platform the landing place shall be fully decked except where access is provided through the decking.

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The gap in the decking shall be fitted with guard rails and a swing rail to define the open edge or an approved trapdoor. Where it is not practicable to provide access to the working platform via ladders through the drop scaffold, alternative access access wil willl be provided. pro vided. Personnel required to work from the th e working platform platfor m are not to placed in a hazardous situation situat ion to t o access the working platform. ii) ii) Beams used as Overhead Supports Structural beams beams provide excelle excellent nt opport op portunities unities for overhead suppo supports rts for drop dro p scaffolding. Purpose made beam clams only are to be used to lock tubes onto or into “I” beams. Tubes may be placed above or positioned inside the web of two parallel beams. In all cases they will be locked in position using beam clamps. Drop tubes are fixed to the horizontal tubes that are fixed to the beams using inverted 90 couplers and a check fitting positioned immediately adjacent to and above that fitting. In some cases cases it may be necessary necessary to build b uild temporary platforms platforms to reach reach the t he next beam to be b e used as an overhead support. suppor t. Temporary platforms platforms can be spurred back to existing existing members to provide access to previously inaccessible inaccessible beams. The scaffolder should shou ld alway alwayss be prepared prepar ed to erect temporary tempo rary accesses accesses t o eliminate eliminate dangerous work practices. Scaffolders Scaffolders are not no t assessed assessed on their th eir ability to take risks but their ability to perform their duties in a safe and efficient manner. iii) Purpose Made Scaff Scaffol old d T ube O verhead verhead Supports for Drop Scaffolding. Scaffolding. Where structural members are of insufficient capacity to withstand the forces imposed on them by a drop scaffold or where there is no structure suitable as an overhead support, a structure may be erected using scaffold tube. This inboard restraint must be designed and erected to withstand three times the load likely to be imposed on the outboard projection of the needles. The outboard moments are to be calculated as being imposed at the fixing point of the outside standard to the needle. The inboard structure is erected with the needles projecting the required distance from the fulcrum point and the purpose p urpose made counterweig counterweights hts positioned the required distance distance inboard from the th e fulcrum as per the calculations. The counterweights will have their mass clearly stamped on them and locked onto the standard so as not to become dislodged. Temporary Tempo rary tension members shall be installed from the t he fulcrum to t o the th e needles to eliminate eliminate any bending of the th e needles needles under load. A minimum of two two boards board s will will now be positioned posit ioned on the needles to afford the scaffolder a degree of comfort while fixing the drop tubes and under slinging the ledgers.

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Prior to any work commencing on the outboard section of the scaffold the scaffolder will secure his lanyard to the fulcrum or other substantial anchorage. Under no circumstance is work to commence outboard, without anti-fall protection. All permanent tension members are to be in place and check fittings fixed appropriately before descending the drop tubes to the “T” pieces.

g)

Dismant ling ling Drop Scaff Scaffolding olding When dismantling a drop scaffold the scaffolder is to commence at the top lift. This method will facilitat facilitatee the removal of long tube tub e be fixed to secure anchorages at all all times and only removed to relocate to another anoth er member. The Th e scaffold scaffold should sho uld endeavout to remove guard rail r ailss progressi pro gressively vely on a multiple bay drop dro p scaffold. This practice will will enable a section of t he lift t o remain intact int act to pass the bulk of the gear up. When all members of the scaffolding have been removed the scaffolders return to the overhead supports by climbing up the drop tubes. Temporary tension members are again fixing to the needles and fulcrum to eliminate nay bending effect and the remainder of the scaffold may be dismantled.

h)

General Safety Precutions Precu tions There are some so me general safety guidelines guidelines that t hat must mus t be considered when erecting or dismantling drop scaffolding; Whilst provision of safe access to working platforms is an integral part of erecting a drop scaffold, consideration must also be given to the point of access to and egress from the top of the ladder. A suitable landing platform at the top of the ladder is very important. Such landing platform shall be fully decked and guard railed. This is after the area personnel will set their tools and equipment down in preparation for lowering them to them working platform 11.7.2 11.7.2 Personnel should not be required required to t o scale permanent permanent edge protection or structure members to gain access to the ladder. Consideration must be given to a system of steps to eliminate this type of hazard. The nature natur e of th e work to be performed from fr om the th e working platform platform may require the scaffold scaffold to be fully enclosed with a fire retardant material to protect those personnel working below.

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8.5 8.5

MOBILE SCAFFOLD CAFFOLD IN G – TUBE & FIT TIN G.

a)

Definition A mobile scaffold consists of four or more standards joined together longitudinally by ledgers and transversely by transoms and putlogs and are supported by approved castors. The scaffold is braced in all faces to form a stable rigid structure.

b)

Bay Sizes Heavy duty dut y Medium duty Light duty

1.8m x 1.5m 2.4m x 1.8m 3.0m x 2.1m

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c)

Loadings Not No t more mor e than one on e working platform shall be erected on a mobile scaffold scaffold although altho ugh intermediary landing platforms may be erected for access to the working platform. The working platform on a mobile scaffold shall not exceed the following loadings; Heavy duty dut y Medium duty dut y Light duty dut y

d)

625 kg. 430 kg. 180 kg.

Height The maximum height of the working platform plat form on o n a mobile scaffold is 3 times the th e minimum base dimension. It will be seen that this requirement will make it necessary to increase the base area of the scaffold I order to erect the working platform to a height greater than world be permitted by the area of one bay. When the base of a mobile scaffold is extended, the centre of the working platform must be located vertically above the centre of the base, providing that; When a wall, or the like, prevents the extension being used on one side, the base on the opposite shall be extended to give the required ratio.

e)

Castors No castor shall be used on a mobile scaffold unless it meets the following; The SWL is clearly stamped Pneumatic tyres prohibited Safe locking device Minimum diameter 125mm Eccentricity between between the th e centre of the castor and the shank is less less than 60mm Shank is not less than 150mm in length and is able to be properly secured in the standard.

f)

Bracing Diagonal face bracing shall be installed progressive pro gressively ly on all faces of a mobile mo bile scaffold. Diagonal plan bracing shall be installed in the th e base b ase lift as close to the th e castors cast ors as practicable and coupled coup led in the centre using a swivel coupler. Plan bracing shall be further located in every third lift.

g)

Erection A mobile scaffold scaffold is effectively a tower to wer scaffold scaffold suppor sup ported ted on castors. casto rs. As such the th e erection procedure applicable to tower scaffold is to be observed. The only exception is to be the substitution of base plates for castors.

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h)

Safe Safe use us e of a Mobile Mobi le Scaffold Scaffold There are a number of points to be remembered when using a mobile scaffold to ensure the safety of all personnel. Castors are to have the locking device engaged at all times when stationary and only released for the purpose pur pose of shifting location. location. Personnel are not permitted to remain on the working platform when the scaffold is being moved. Planks are to be laid on uneven ground grou nd surfaces sur faces to allow allow the scaffold to be moved smoothly smoot hly from one point to the next. Where possible the mobile scaffold is to be tied to a building or structure when stationary to restrict movement Access to the t he working platform platfo rm shall s hall only be gained via the t he ladder access provided throu th rough gh the centre of the t he scaffold. scaffold. Planks shall not span the working platforms of two mobile scaffolds unless the mobile scaffold are tied together with ledgers. The maximum jacking adjustment on the castors shall not exceed 300mm.

i)

Light Aluminium Alloy Alloy Frame There are a number of patented designs of light aluminium alloy frame mobile scaffolds on the market. There is very little difference between brands and therefore a few general safety precautions cover the erection of these scaffolds. i)

Loading

The maximum maximum load per platform un it shall not exceed exceed 225kg. 225kg. Not N ot more than two platform platfor m units shall be loaded at any one time. ii)

Bracing

Two diagonal braces shall be provided to each longitudinal face between adjacent frames. Horizontal plan bracing shall be provided as near to the castors as possible, so that each standard supported by a castor is effectively braced. iii)

Maximum H eight of Working Working Platform Platform

The height of the th e working platform platform shall not exceed exceed two times t imes the least least base b ase measurement measurement but in any event the height of the working platform shall not exceed 9 meters.

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8.6

BIRDCAGE BIRDCAGE SCAFFO CAFFO LDIN G.

a)

Definition Birdcage scaffolding consists of more than 2 rows of standard joined together by ledgers, and transoms or putlogs, and braced and tied to form a rigid stable structure. Birdcage scaffolding is used to gain access to ceilings and walls.

b)


c)

1.8m x 1.5m 2.4m x 1.8m 3.0m x 2.1m

Loadings It is unlikely unlikely that birdcage scaffolding would ever require more mor e than th an one on e working platform platfor m to be erected, as the most common application is for ceiling work. However, should there be a need for more than one working platform; it is permissible to erect a maximum of two. One working platform should not be loaded in excess of the following; Heavy duty dut y Medium duty dut y Light duty dut y

625 kg. 430 kg. 180 kg.

d)

Bracing Diagonal bracing is to be provided pr ovided on all faces of the t he scaffold and where necessary, necessary, internally to ensure a rigi r igid d scaffold. Where a birdcage scaffold is erected erect ed within a confined area, butt but t tubes tub es may be used in addition to, or in substitution of, other bracing or ties, if the wall surface permits. In some cases the ledgers and transoms can butt against the wall to give the scaffold rigidity.

e)

Working Working Platform Except where access is provided, the working platform on a birdcage scaffold is to be closely planked at all all times. t imes. There is to be no “hit and miss” with with platform platfo rm planks as specified specified in Occupational Health, Safety and Welfare Regulations. If there are insufficient planks to closely plank the whole area of the working platform then the area not covered shall be guard railed at the open edge.

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f)

Erection Erection procedure for birdcage scaffolding shall follow that of independent tube and fitting scaffolding. All safety aspects outlined are to be observed. It will be necessary in some applications of birdcage scaffolding to provide an inclined working platform. The maximum slope allowable before a stepped or terraced effect is incorporated is 1:6.

Care must be taken to ensure the working platform planks are placed to run at right angle to the grade. This will eliminate any tendency for the planks to slide off the putlogs.

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8.7 8.7

CAN CAN TI LEVER SCAFFO CAFFO LDI N G.

a)

Definition A cantil cant ilever ever scaffolding is support supp orted ed by b y large cantilevered cantilevered beams b eams projecting pr ojecting from fro m a building or structure with an inboard restraint capable of withstanding a force at least 3 times the outboard load.

b)


c)

1.8m x 1.5m 2.4m x 1.8m 3.0m x 2.1m

Loadings Not No t more mor e than two working platforms are to t o be erected er ected and fully fu lly loaded per bay of scaffolding support ed by cantilevered cantilevered beams. One working platform is not to be loaded of the following; Heavy duty dut y Medium duty dut y Light duty dut y

d)

625 kg. 430 kg. 180 kg.

Erection

All gear to be used I the erection of a cantilevered scaffold is to be laid out nearly and sorted into sizes for easy access. It will be necessary to erect general purpose bunting around the work area and at ground level beneath the work area to warn personnel of an overhead hazard. A sign must be displayed prominently at ground level stating “Danger – Men Working Above”. iii)

Positioning Beams

The basis of all cantilever scaffolds is the needle beams and as such is critical to the safe erection of the scaffold. The job safety analysis discussion between the licensed scaffolder and supervisor should cover the following points regarding the beams; The dimension of the beam The ability of the pivot point to support the combined forces of the inboard and outboard The ability of the inboard restraint to withstand three times the force of the load out board The method to be employed to eliminate any lateral movement from the beams The first three points mentioned above require an Engineer’s verification.

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The beam b eamss are positioned position ed the required required distance apart according to the standard spacings spacings of the t he scaffold scaffold and projec pro jected ted the th e required required distance outboard from the buil bu ilding ding or structure. The outboard distance is calculatd from the desired width of the working platform plus the clearance required from the building or structure to the working platform, plus 200mm. The inboard restraint toms are installed the required distance inboard and tied together and welded or bolted to the beam to prevent any movement. On completion of the inboard restraint of the beams, the scaffold can be erected on the projecting portion of the needle. All work to be preformed on the outboard requires the scaffolder to secure his anti-fall lanyard to a secure anchorage. iv) iv)

E rection rection of the O utboard

A minimum of two boards are to be laid on the needles to afford the scaffolder a degree of comfort when erecting the scaffold. The standards are to be located on base plates welded to the beams at the required spacing. Ledgers are to be erected as close to the base of the standards as possible and secured to the th e top flange of the beam beam with purpose pur pose made beam clamps. The Th e scaffold is erected as for tube and fitting independent scaffolding scaffolding with with attent attent ion being paid to ties ties and bracing. bracing. e)

Formula to Calculate Calculate Unkn owns owns Formula to calculate unknown:As we would alwa alway ys know the outboard outbo ard specification specification of a cantilever cantilever scaffold and it is is recommended recommended that t hat the t he inboard distance of the beams (piv (pivot ot point p oint to t o inboard restraint) is three times the th e outboard out board distance, d istance, the t he count cou nterwei erweight ght or onb o nboard oard restraint is the th e only o nly calculation calculation likely likely.. The following formula is used to find the unknowns: CW x D – d x 1 x 3 CW D

= =

inboard restraint restraint inboard distance

d 1 3

= = =

outboard outbo ard distance outboard outbo ard load safety factor

When calculating the outboard load the mass of the components of the scaffold must be considered as they make up part of the load. The outboard distance is calculate as the clearance from the pivot point t o the inside standard standard of the scaffold scaffold plus 2/ 3 the width width of the scaffold. scaffold. f)

Access A safe access is to be provided to the working platform. The ladders are to be positioned through the centre and all landings are to be fully decked and guard railed. All manholes to facilitate the positioning of ladder are to be guard railed and a swing gate installed.

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8.8

LIGH T DUT Y SUSPEN DE D STAGES.

a)

Definition A light light duty du ty suspended stage st age means a working platfo platform rm suspended suspend ed from fro m overhead overh ead support supp ortss and ; The means of lowering or raising the stage, whether those means are operated by hand or are power driven The overhead supports, support s, attachments and trac tr acks ks ; and The means of suspension

b)

Platforms Although it is quite possible to construct a platform suitable for a light duty suspended stage from scaffold tube it is unlikely that it would be necessary. With the availability of patented prefabricated systems to the market, the task of erecting a suspended stage has

Page 26 of 32


been simplified. This section of the Code of Practice will concentrate on the prefabricated units. Should the scaffolder be required to construct the working platform from tube and fitting, approval by SAS Accident Prevention Superintendent will be necessary. There are a variety of platforms platfo rms available, available, some single sin gle units and an d some so me component compon ent assemblies that allow the length of the platform to be varied. However, there are some basic requirements that apply to all platforms; III) III ) IV) V)

c)

The platform is to be of rigi rigid d construction construction and and neither neither more than 600mm 600mm nor less less than 500mm wide. The platform is is to have guard rails securely fixed around aroun d the outer edges. edges. The platform platfor m is to have fender boards of not less less than 100mm fitted fitt ed to all edges. VI) SWL to be clearly displayed.

Overhead Supp orts The overhead o verhead support supp ortss of a light duty d uty suspended suspend ed stage will will vary with individual job applications but can basically be divided into two categories. They are ; IV) V)

Purpose made modular modular or scaffold scaffold tube overhead overhead supports Structure members of the building building or structure

The over-riding requirement of any overhead support of a light duty suspended stage is that it must be able to withstand a force equivalent to three times the maximum load to be suspended from such overhead overhead support suppo rt a)

Pu rpose Made Modular Overhead Supp orts

Manufacturers of light duty suspended stages market the overhead supports to suit there gear. Many are telescopic which makes for easy transportation and have a locking device to retain them at the required extension. The overhead supports must be prevented from moving laterally by being tied together or in some other oth er way prevented from moving to the satisfaction satisfaction of the Superviso Supervisor. r. They must be counterbalanced by weight as follows: Have a weight not less than 3 time the weight necessary to balance the weight of the load on the projecting part of the needle when the platform is fully loaded. Are properly secured to the needle Are of purpose made metal or similar approved material Have their weight clearly stamped thereon

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c) Pu rpose Made Made Scaf Scaffo fold ld Tube Overhead Overhead Supp Supp orts Scaffold Scaffold tube needle supports suppor ts may take the form of a spurred needle arrangement or a double dou ble needle arrangement as show in figure 10. They are to be counterbalanced as in figure 10 or tied to the building or structure capable of withstanding three times the force likely to be imposed. d) Structu ral Members of the Building Building or Structure Structure Provided an Engineer’s evaluation has approved the use of structural members of the building or structure as overhead overhead supports, supp orts, it is acceptable acceptable to do so.

e) In spection Prior to Use Prior to any light duty suspended stage being put into service for the first time or being put into service after a substantial period of non use, the light duty suspended stage shall be inspected and tested by a SAS Accident Prevention Advisor. f)

Load Calculation

In order to have the correct counterweight inclusive of the safety factor, it is necessary for the scaffolder to be able to calculate the load outboard. The load shall be calculated in the following manner: SWL of the platform + Mass Mass of the platform + Mass Mass of winches winches + Mass of wire wire and cables = Total suspended load load + 25% allowance allowance for shock load load = Total outboard load load the total t otal outboard load is divided divided by two to determine determine the th e outboard load per needle. needle. f)

Winches There are numerous climbing winches available, each with their own special features. Prior to any climbing winch being put into service on prior approval must be obtained. Features common to all climbing winches approved for use on site are: Drive up, drive down SWL clearly displayed Dead man button operation Manual operation in the event of power failure Automatic fall stop rope

Page 28 of 32


g)

Winch Ropes Winch ropes are supplied with winches by the manufacturer and under no circumstances should be substituted for any other rope. The ropes ro pes are general generally ly 8mm diameter, diameter, 6/ 24 or 6/ 31 steel core construction galva galvanize nized d steel st eel.. All the safety features of the climbing winch are to no avail should the rope break so the correct handling and inspection of the rope are critical. The following procedures shall be observed to ensure the correct handling, storage and inspection; I) Store in a coil of approxima appro ximately tely 400mm diameter tied at quarter points point s with twine. II) II ) Store in an area free from moisture. III) II I) A rope rop e register shall be kept in which which regular rope rop e inspections shall be logged. logged. IV) The operator operator of the light light duty suspended stage should observe observe the rope when ascending ascending or descending and report to his supervisor, any signs of wear, broken wires, kinks or bird caging. V) When When suspended from overhead overhead support support s, the rope shall be anchored to remain remain taut and any excess coiled up. VI) Ropes stores sto res in coils shall be rolled out rather rath er than th an pulled from the middle as this th is will will cause the rope to kink and ultimately birdcage.

h)

General Safety All personnel required to work from the platform of a light duty suspended stage shall wear at all times, approved anti-fall protection secured to the guard rail. The area shall sh all be barricaded with general purpo pu rpose se buntin bu nting g and a sign displa d isplaye yed d prominent pro minently ly stating “Danger – Men Working Above”.

9

INSPECTION SCAFFOLDING CONSTRUCTION (SC) shall ensure that, at all time of handing over, the scaffold iii)

Complies with any design drawing and / or specification specification for that particular part icular scaffold

iii)

Complies with the th e requirements requirement s of statuto stat utory ry regulations and British Standard tand ard

iii)

Is adequate for the th e purpose pur pose of which which it is intended intend ed

iii)

Is stable and in safe condition condit ion

iii)

Is marked to indicate its Safe Working Load mention ed in SCAFFTAG SCAFFT AG

iii)

Has been thoro th oroughly ughly inspected by competent person perso n

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iv) The Hand-over Certificate Certificate has been signed signed and dated on behalf behalf of SCAFFOLDIN CAFFOLD ING G CONSTRUCTION (SC) v)

10

The scaffold scaffold must be inspected prior to dismantli dismantling. ng. If the scaffold is defective, defective, it must be made good before dismantling dismant ling commences. Where Where alterations have been made to the scaffold during its working life. It is not n ot safe to t o assume that t hat dismantling can be carried out in sequence the reverse of that used during erection.

SCAFF SCAFF T AG System SCAFFTAG’s SCAFFTAG’s allow an an immediate visual indication of the th e condition condit ion of o f a scaffold structure. stru cture. The system comprises: •

•

A holder which fits over a scaffold tube and displays “DO NOT USE SCAFFO SCAFFOLD” LD” in red on a white background. background. Insert for the holder, one side white on green to indicate, when showing, that the scaffold is certified for use and giving details, the other side black on yellow to indicate, when showing, that the scaffold is under inspection and must not be used. An exact duplicate of the insert is retained in a SCAFFTAG rack in an appropriate location, e.g. Authorities Office, Control Room, etc.

NOTE: The only person authorized to fix or change a SCAFFTAG is a Scaffold Inspector appointed by SCAFFOLDING CONSTRUCTION (SC). Removal of a SCAFFTAG may be carried out by the Performing Perfo rming Authority Autho rity where where he is of the t he opinion opin ion that t hat a scaffold is unsuitable unsu itable for its intended inten ded application, in which case he shall remove the insert to display the t he “ D O NO T USE SCAFFOLD “ message message and request VIC and/ and/ or Inspector I nspector to rectify/ rectify/ recertify the th e scaffold. scaffold. A SCAFFTAG may also be removed by any person inform his supervisor for remedial to be taken. The client may remove any SCAFFTAG if he deems that area unsafe to work any other reason not attributed attr ibuted to t o the th e scaffold its self self i. e. G as Leeks Leeks area, Steam Steam cleaning cleaning etc.

11

MODIFICATIONS Modifications to SCAFFTAG- certified scaffolds shall be undertaken only by SCAFFOLDING CONS CON STRUCTIO TRUCTION N (SC) (SC) with with the authority of o f the worksite supervisor. After a modification modification has been made, inspection insp ection and recertification shall be carried carried out. If unauth u nauthorized orized modific mod ifications ations are observed, they th ey shall shall be reported repor ted to t o be b e worksite supervisor and the insert removed from the SCAFFTAG holder to reveal the “DO NOT USE SCAFFOLD” warning.

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12

H AZARDS ZARDS DURIN G SCAFFOLDS

CONSTRUCTION ,

USE USE

AN D

DISMA DISMAN TLIN G

OF

All procedures and safety guidelines followed shall take into consideration the following hazards.

13

iii)

Faulty structural stru ctural design design or inadequate bracing

iii)

Faulty materials of construction constr uction

iii)

Overloading

iii)

D eterioration eteriorat ion of fixing or the materials of construction constr uction due to damage or the th e weath weather er

iii)

Unauthorized Unaut horized alteration

iii)

Impact from passing vehicles

iii)

Failure of the th e scaffold structure structur e when incomplete incomp lete

iii)

Scaffolding Scaffolding materials being dropped dro pped during dur ing handling

SAFE TY SIGN S AN D BARRIE BARRIE RS Whenever a scaffold is incomplete, in complete, during du ring construct const ruction, ion, alteration or dismantling d ismantling all access points po ints must be barrier and marked by warning signs and notices to indicate that scaffold is not safe for general use. The access area around a scaffold may need to be roped-off, to reduce the risk of debris or equipment falling on passer-by.

14

PRE CAUTIO CAUTIO N S DURIN G CON STRUCTIO N AN D DI SMAN MAN TLIN G All materials must be raised or lowered in an orderly manner, by hand or by hoist. Small items should be handled in secured bags or baskets. No items may be thrown or allowed to fall. No scaffolder shall work without a secure foothold and a secure handhold. iii)

Properly Pro perly secured ladders shall be used for access access to heights.

iii)

N o scaffolder shall shall work from from a scaffold platform platfor m of less than th an three thr ee scaffold boards all properly supported.

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15

iii)

The method metho d of work employed shall avoid unnecessa unn ecessary ry exposure of scaffloders at heights.

iii)

For exposed exposed work work at heights, scaffolders shall wear safety harnesses and whenever practicable, attach safety lany lanyards ards to t o a secure anchor point p oint on an adjacent adjacent structure.

REQ UEST TO ERE CT AN D DISMA DISMAN TLE BY USERS USERS / CLIEN T – LEVEL OF URGENCY

i) iii) v)

16

Level 1: Level 2: Level 3: Level 4: Level 5:

Required in one on e week’s week’s time of later ii) Required in three th ree days time Required with within in one to two days iv) Required in a half a day Required Requir ed immediately

COMPET COMPET EN CE AND TRAIN TRAIN ING iii)

iii)

iii)

Persons Perso ns employed to erect, inspect, alter or dismantle scaffolds must be competent comp etent and experienced scaffolders. Scaffolding Scaffolding Supervisors upervisor s and Foremen must be qualifi qualified ed from a suitable scaffolding qualification courses and must be experienced in work with scaffolds. Training shall be provided pro vided by SCAFFO SCAFFOLDI LDING NG CONSTR CON STRUCTIO UCTIO N (SC) (SC) Training Center that th at provides training for scaffolders (tubes and fittings) based on British Standards.

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3 MS Scaffolding

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