CHEMISRTY CHEMISRTY PROJECT PROJECT REPORT REPORT
TO DETECT THE PRESENCE PRESENCE CATIONS CATIONS AND ANIONS ANIONS IN DIFFERENT HOLI COLOURS [GULALS]
Submittedby: Name
-
Class
- XII
Roll NO.School -ABC -ABC SCHOOL SCHOOL
CERTIFICATE
I !s he"e#$ o ce"!%$ ha& o"!'!(al a() 'e(*!(e !(+es!'a!o( ,o" has #ee( ca""!e) o* o !(+es!'ae a#o* he s*#ec mae" a() he "elae) "elae) )aa collec!o( a() !(+es!'a!o( has #ee( com/lee) solel$ &s!(ce"el$ a() sa!s%aco"!l$ #$ 0 X12 3 o% 0CLASS XII 3& 0ABC ABC SCHOOL SCHOOL 3& "e'a")!(' h!s /"oec 4 0ANAL1SIS OF IONS IN HOLI COLOURS3.
5RS. -------------------6CHE5ISTR1 TEACHER7 ABC SCHOOL ABC SCHOOL
AC8NO9LEDGE5ENT
I& :ABC ABC ;am ;am !mme(sel$ '"ae%*l o m$ chem!s"$ eache" :P
CONTENTS =. >. . . .
INTRODUCTION OB?ECTI@E APPARATUS THEOR1 PRELI5INAR1 PRELI5INAR1 TESTS A. TEST FOR GREEN COLOR B. TEST FOR SIL@ER SIL@ER COLOR
.
CONCLUSION
I("o)*c!o(
•
•
•
•
The "a)!!o( o% hol! hol! has #ee( /"ese( /"ese( !( I()!a s!(ce !me !mmemo"!al a() hol! cele#"a!o( . Hol! colo"s a"e a+a!la#le !( m*l!/le colo"s %"om o"a('e o "e) o #lac a() so o(. Each colo" !s e*all$ /"om!(e( a() e*all$ /"e%e""e) . The colo"s *se) he"e he"e a"e '"ee( '"ee( a() s!l+e" s!l+e" a() a"e #o*'h %"om a local ma"e.
AI5 To To )eec he !o(s /"ese( /"ese( !( he '!+e( hol! colo"s. colo"s. APPARATUS RE
GREEN color !s o#a!(e) %"om co//e" s*l/hae -,h!ch ma$ ca*se alle"'!es !( e$e o" e+e( em/o"a"$ #l!()(ess. PURPLE COLOR COLOR !s o#a!(e) %"om ch"om!*m !o)!)e ,h!ch ma$ ca*se #"o(ch!al ashma o" ohe" %o"ms o% alle"'$. SIL@ER SIL@ER COLOR !s o#a!(e) %"om %"om al*m!(!*m al*m!(!* m #"om!)e a (o,( ca"c!(o'e(!c. ca"c!(o'e(!c. RED COLOR !s o#a!(e) %"om %"om me"c*"$ s*l/h!e s*l/h! e ,h!ch ma$ ma$ ca*se ca*se s!( ca(ce" ca(ce" o" m!(amaa )!sease 6me(al "ea")a!o(& /a"al$s!s& "ea")a!o( & !m/a!"e) +!s!o(7 SHIN1 COLOR COLOR a"e "es*l o% /o,)e"e) 'lass #e!(' a))e) o he colo"s. 5OREO@ER 5a($
,ae" colo"s ha+e a( alal!(e #ase ca/a#le o% ca*s!(' se+e"e se+e"e !(*"!es. Colo"s !( he %o"m o% /ases ha+e o!c com/o*()s m!e) !( a #ase o% e('!(e o!l o" ohe" !(%e"!o" *al!$ o!l. These o!c o!c com/o*()s ma$ ma$ ca*se s!( alle"'$ alle"'$ em/o"a"$ #l!()(ess ec.
TEST FOR GREEN COLOR COLOR a.PRELI5INAR1 OBSER@ATIONS 4 COLOR-GREEN
SOLUBILIT1-SOLUBLE
STA STATE- CR1STALLINE CR1STALLINE SOLID SOLI D #. OBSER@ATION OBSER@ATION TABLE4 TEST
S.NO =
>
>.a
EXPERI5ENT A)) )!l.H>SO o he sol(.
FOR ANIONSOBSER@ATION No cha('e.
A)) co(c. Re))!sh #"o,( H>SOo 9.E. +a/o"s ,!h 6,ae" e"ac7 /*('e( smell. 7 Co( Co("m "ma ao" o" es es 6B 6B""=-7 A)) A'NO L!'h $ello, a() )!l HNO //.6Pa"!all$
INFERENCE CO>-&SO>-& a() S>a#se(. B"=!()!cae).
o he sol(. > .#
To 9.E. a)) CCl a() co(c.HNO )"o/ ,!se. A)) co(c. H>SO a() hea.
sol*#le !( ,ae"7 O"a('e colo*"a!o( .
B"=co("me).
Re))!sh #"o,( +a/o" /e"s!ss.
NO=!()!cae).
Co( Co(""mao mao"" es es NO=-
K
No, a)) C* @a/o" )oes (o *"(!('s !(e(s!%$. Tes Tes %o" I()e/e()e( Ra)!cals. A)) BaCl> o 9h!e.//.%o"m 9.E. e) 6,ae" !(sol*#le7 A)) lea) 9h!e //. aceae o %o"me) 9.E. A)) No cha('e ammo(!*m o#se"+e). mol$#)ae o 9.E. Bo!l ! a() a)) co(c. HNO a%e" cool!(' .
NO=-a#se(.
SO>co("me).
SO>co("me). PO-a#se(.
TEST
S.NO = >
a
EXPERI5ENT
FOR CATIONSCATIONSOBSER@ATIO N No "eac!o( No "eac!o( Blac //
A)) NaOH o 9.E. A)) )!lHCl o 9.E. A)) )!lHCl a() /ass H>S. Co("mao"$ "e "ees 6C*>7 D!ssol+e #lac Bl*e colo" // !( co(c. HNO o#a!(e). a() a)) NHOH
INFERENCE NH= a#se( P#> a#se( C*>!()!cae)
C*>co("me )
To To sol*!o( a)) ace!c ac!) a() )!+!)e )!+!)e !(o > /a"s
# c
A)) 8[Fe6CN7 ] o /a" = A)) 8I o /a" >
B"o,( // B"o,( colo"(.
A)) NHCl a() NHOH 6ecess7
9h!e // %o"me)
C*>co("me ) C*>co("me ) Al!()!cae) Fe a#se(
Co("mao"$ es 6Al7 D!ssol+e // !( )!l*e HCl a() )!+!)e !(o > /a"s
a #
To asol( a)) #l*e l!m*s A)) NHOH !ll sol*!o( *"(s #l*e
I *"(s "e)
Ac!)!c sol(
Floa!(' ,h!e // ,!h #l*e
Al co("me)
H>S a))e) o se/ sol*!o(
a)so"#e) o( ! D!"$ ,h!e // a//ea"s
2(> !()!cae)
Co("mao"$ es 62(>7 D!ssol+e // !( )!l*e HCl a() )!+!)e !(o > /a"s
a #
K
To /a" = a)) NaOH To /a" > a)) Poass!*m %e""oc$a(!)e 6NH7>CO a))e) o se/ sol*!o( 6NH7>HPO a))e) o se/ sol*!o(
9h!e // 9h!e // %o"me) No cha('e No "eac!o(
c. CHE5ICAL REACTIONS4 Reac!o( %o"4 =. B"=>8B"H>SO 8B"A'NO
8HSOHB"6'7 8NOA'B"6$ello, //7
2(>co("me ) 2(>co("me ) Ba>&S">&Ca> a#se( 5'> a#se(
>NaB"CCl )!ssol+es o '!+e o"a('e colo*" !( CCl la$e" >.SO>Na>SO BaCl>
Ba SO6,h!e //.7>NaCl
Na>SO P#6CH COO7> >CHCOONa
P# SO6,h!e //7
.C*> C*Cl>H>S
>HClC*S6#lac //7
C*SMHNO C*6NO7>H>O>NOS C*6NO7>NHOH H>O
[C*6NH7].[NO]>6#l*e7
[C*6NH7]SO CHCOOH C*SOCHCOONH > C*SO8I
C*>I>6,h!e //7I>>8 >SO
. 2(> 2(6OH7>H>S 2(S>HCl
2(S6,h!e //7>H>O 2(Cl>H>S
2(Cl>NaOH >2(Cl>8 [Fe6CN7 ] . Al
2(6OH7>6,h!e //7>NaCl 2(>[Fe6CN7 ]6,h!e //78Cl
AlClNHOH
NHClAl6OH76,h!e //7
Al6OH7HClAlClH>O AlClNHOH //7
NHClAl6OH76#l*e.colo" a)so"#e) o(
TEST FOR SIL@ER SIL@ER COLOR COLOR A.PRELI5INAR1 OBSER@ATIONS 4 COLOR-SIL@ER
SOLUBILIT1-SOLUBLE
STA STATE- CR1STALLINE CR1STALLINE SOLID SOLI D B.OBSER@ B.OBSER@A ATION TABLE4 ABLE 4 TEST
S.NO =
FOR ANIONS
EXPERI5ENT A)) )!l.H>SO o he sol(.
OBSER@ATION No cha('e.
>
A)) co(c. H>SO o 9.E. 6,ae" e"ac7
Re))!sh #"o,( +a/o"s ,!h /*('e( smell.
>.a
A)) A'NO L!'h $ello, a() )!l HNO //.6Pa"!all$ =Co( Co ("m "ma ao" o" es e s B" o he sol(. sol*#le !( ,ae"7 To 9.E. a)) O"a('e
> .#
INFERENCE CO>-&SO>-& a() S>a#se(. B"=!()!cae).
B"=-
CCl a() co(c.HNO )"o/ ,!se. A)) co(c. H>SO a() hea.
colo*"a!o( .
co("me).
Re))!sh #"o,( +a/o" /e"s!ss.
NO=!()!cae).
Co( Co(""mao mao"" es es NO=-
K
No, a)) C* @a/o" )oes (o *"(!('s !(e(s!%$. Tes Tes %o" I()e/e()e( Ra)!cals. A)) BaCl> o 9h!e.//.%o"m 9.E. e) 6,ae" !(sol*#le7 A)) lea) 9h!e //. aceae o %o"me) 9.E. A)) No cha('e ammo(!*m o#se"+e). mol$#)ae o 9.E. Bo!l ! a() a)) co(c. HNO a%e" cool!(' .
TEST
FOR CATIONSCATIONS-
NO=-a#se(.
SO>co("me).
SO>co("me). PO-a#se(.
S.NO =
EXPERI5ENT A)) NaOH o 9.E. A)) )!lHCl o 9.E. A)) )!lHCl a() /ass H>S. A)) NHCl a() NHOH 6ecess7
>
"
OBSER@ATION No "eac!o(
INFERENCE NH= a#se(
No "eac!o(
P#> a#se(
No "eac!o(
C*>a#se(
B"o,( // %o"me)
Fe!()!cae) Al a#se(
Co("mao"$ es 6Fe 6Fe7 D!ssol+e // !( )!l*e HCl a() )!+!)e !(o > /a"s
a
#
To /a" = &a)) Poass!*m %e""oc$a(!)e To /a" = &a)) Poass!*m h!oc$a(ae
Bl*e colo" a//ea"s
Feco("me)
Bloo) "e) colo"a!o(
Feco("me)
A)) H>S o se/ Blac // sol*!o( a//ea"s D!ssol+e #lac 1ello, // !( a*a "e'!a colo"a!o( as
Co>&N!> I()!cae). N!> I()!cae). Co> a#se(
Co("mao"$ es 6N!>7 D!+!)e sol*!o( !(o > /a"s
a
A)) NHOH
Rose /!(
N!>
# K
M
a() D5G o /a" = A)) NaOH o /a" > A)) NHCl a() NHOH 6ecess7 6NH7>HPO a))e) o se/ K sol*!o(
colo" 9h!e // No cha('e
No "eac!o(
co("me) N!> co("me) Ba>&S">&Ca> a#se( 5'> a#se(
). CHE5ICAL CHE5ICAL REACTIONS4 Reac!o( %o"4 =. B"=>8B"H>SO 8B"A'NO >NaB"CCl CCl la$e"
8HSOHB"6'7 8NOA'B"6$ello, //7 )!ssol+es o '!+e o"a('e colo" !(
>. SO>Na>SO BaCl>
Ba SO6,h!e //.7>NaCl
Na>SO P#6CH COO7> >CHCOONa
P# SO6,h!e //7
. Fe FeClNHOH
NHClFe6OH76"e))!sh #"o,( //7
Fe6OH7HCl
FeClH>O
FeCl8 [Fe6CN7 ] colo"7 FeCl8CNS
=>8ClFe[Fe6CN7]6#l*e 8ClFe6CNS7 6#loo) "e)7
. N!> N!Cl>>NHOH>CHNO>
N!Cl>>NHOH
>NHCl>H>O
>NaClN!6OH7 >B">H>O >HB"[O]
N!6OH7> H>O[O]
>N!6OH76,h!e //.7
CONCLUSION
COLOR
ANION PRESENT
CATION PRESENT
GREEN COLOR
B"=SO>-
2(> C*> Al
SIL@ER COLOR
B"=SO>-
Fe N!>
As
see( a#o+e& )"$ colo"s 6'*laal7&co(a!(s 6'*laal7&co(a!(s se+e"al com/o(e(s ,h!ch a"e "elae) o s!( "elae) /"o#lems. Hea+$ meals /"ese( !( he colo"a(s ca( ca*se ashma& s!( )!seases a() a)+e"sel$ aecs he e$e.
