CHEMISTRY PROJECT REPORT
“TO STUDY DIFFUSION OF SOLIDS IN GASES”
SUBMITTED TO: - Mohini Ma’a SUBMITTED BY: Sh!"a Na#a$ ROLL NO: - %&'%&() CLASS: - *II S-% SCHOOL: - Mo+!$n ,i+a Ni.!/an
A0.no12!+#!!n/
First of all, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude and dedicate this to my teachers and thank them for their faith in me. I would like to express this gratitud gratitude e especially especially towards towards all my chemistry chemistry teacher’s teacher’s incl includ udin ing g Me Meen ena a Ma Ma’a ’am m and and Mo Mohi hini ni Ma Ma’a ’am m fo forr thei theirr guid guidan ance ce,, supp suppor ortt and and enco encour urag agem emen ent. t. I woul would d al also so like like to exte exten nd my than thanks ks to Mo Mon nika ika Ma Ma’’am fo forr her motivation and help in the completion of this project. Without them this project would not have seen the light of day.
Sh!"a Na#a$ *II S%
AIM
CONTENTES
• • • • • • •
In/$o+30/ion O45!0/i"! E67!$i!n/ -' E67!$i!n/ -% E67!$i!n/ -8 R!932/ Bi42io#$a7h
INTRODUCITON When When sus susta tanc nces es are are rou rough ghtt in co cont ntac actt with with ea each ch other, they intermingle with each other. !his phenomenon is known as diffusion. "iffusion takes place very rapidly in case of gases, to a lesser extent in case of li#uids and not at all in the case of solids. $owever, diffusion of solids in li#uids does take place, aleit at a very slow
If a solid is kept in contact with excess of solvent in which it is solule, some portion of the solid gets dissolved. !his process is known as dissolution of a solid in li#u li#uid id,, and and it ta take kes s plac place e due due to the the diff diffus usio ion n of so soli lid d particles into li#uid medium.
Molecules of solute are in constant random motion due to the collision etween molecules of solute and that of the solvent. It is this physical interaction etween solute% solvent particles that lead to diffusion.
Di39ion
Hi#h Con0!n/$a/ion
Lo1 Con0!n/$a/ion
OBJECTI,E !o demons demonstra trate te that that rate rate of diffus diffusion ion depend depends s upon upon the following factors&
!emper mpera atur ture&
's
tempe emperratur ture
inc increa eas ses,
the the
kine kineti tic c
ener energy gy of the the part partic icle les s incr increa ease ses. s. !hus !hus,, the the spee speed d of particles also increase, which in turn increases the rate of diffusion.
(i)e of the particle& 's the si)e of particle increases, rate of diffu iffus sio ion n dec decreas rease es. !his !his is eca ecaus use e the the partic rticle les s ecome less moile in the solvent.
Mass of the particle& 's the mass of the particle increases, the rate of diffusion decreases* as the particle ecomes less moile.
E*PERIMENT - ' !o st stud udy y diff diffus usio ion n when when co copp pper er sulp sulpha hate te is rou rough ghtt in contact with water +li#uid. R!;3i$!!n/9 -opper sulphate +-u(/ crystals, 011 m2 eaker P$o0!+3$! •
!ake aout two grams of copper sylphate crystals in
•
011 ml eaker. eaker. 'dd aout 31 ml of water and allow it to stand for few
•
minutes. 4ote the development of lue colour in water. 'llow to stand further till it is oserved that all copper
•
sulphate disappears. 4ote the lue colour change in water.
•
Con0239ion When When so soli lids ds such such as co copp pper er sulp sulpha hate te are are rou rough ghtt in cont co ntac actt with with li#u li#uid ids s such such as wate waterr, inte interm rmin ingl glin ing g of sustances, i.e. diffusion takes palce.
E*PERIMENT - % !o study the effect of temper perature on the rate of diffusion of solids in li#uids. R!;3i$!!n/9 -opper sulphate +-u( / crystals, three 011 ml eakers, watch
glass,
wire
gauge,
urner
tripod
stand,
thermometer, stop watch. P$o0!+3$! •
!ake five ive gram of coppe opperr sulp ulphate hate each in thr three
•
eakers. 5our 011 ml of distilled water slowly in one of the
•
eakers. -over this eaker with a watch glass. 5our 011 ml of cold water in a second eaker slowly. 5lace a third eaker containing 011 ml of water on a
•
tripod stand for heating. serve the diffusion process which egins in all the
•
eakers. 6ecord of copper sulphate the time taken for the the diss dissol olut utio ion n of co copp pper er sulp sulpha hate te in al alll the the thre three e cases.
E*PERIMENT - 8 !o study the effect of temper perature on the rate of diffusion of solids in li#uids. R!;3i$!!n/9 7raduated 011 ml measuring cylinders copper sulphate +-u(/ crystals of different si)es, stop watch. P$o0!+3$! 8 'dd 31 31 ml of wat water er to eac each h of the thre three e cylind cylinders ers.. 8 !ake five five gram gram ea each ch of ig ig si)e si)e,, medi medium um si)e, si)e, small small si)e
crystals
of
copper
sulpahte,
and
add
them
separately separately in three cylinders. O49!$"a/ion9 (.4o. 0 ; <
-rystal si)e
!ime
!aken
9ig Medium (mall
"uffuse 0: Minutes 0< Minutes 3 minutes
to
Con0239ion !he rate of diffusion of copper sulphate in water is in the order as given elow&
9eaker< = 9eaker ;= 9eaker 0 !hus, (maller particles undergo diffusion more #uickly than igger particles.
OBSER,ATIONS
(.4o. !emperature of Water 0 ; <
011;31?11-
!ime
!aken
to
"uffuse 0> Minutes 03 Minutes ? minutes
Con0239ion !he rate of diffusion of copper sulphat in water is in the order as given elow&
9eaker< = 9eaker ;= 9eaker 0
!hus, (maller particles undergo diffusion more #uickly than igger particles.
RESULT
When solids such as copper sulphate are rought in contact with li#uids such as water, intermingling of sustances, i.e. "iffusion takes 5lace. !he
rate
of
diffusion
varies
directly
with
temperature. (mall particles undergo diffusion more #uickly than igger particles.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
-hemistry +5art I !extook for -lass @II, 4ational -ouncil Aducational 6esearch and !raining -oncepts of 5hysics ; y $ - Be Berma* rma* 9harti 9hawan +5ulishers C "istriutors
Wesite & http&DDwww.cseportal.com http&DDwww.google.co.in http&DDwww.wikipeida.org
