SUDHIR MEMORIAL INSTITUTE
CHEMISTRY PROJECT ON
PREPARATION OF RAYON FROM FILTER PAPER
ISHITA MALLICK CLASS : XII B ROLL NO : 2016-2017 :
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CERTIFICATE SUDHIR MEMORIAL INSTITUTE CHEMISTRY PROJECT
2016-2017
This to certify that I ISHITA MALLICK of class XII B of S!HI" M#M$"IAL I%STITT# has co&'lete( the 'ro)ect o* the to'ic +"#+A"# A "A,$% TH"#A! "$M ILT#" +A+#" .*(er the co&'lete /.i(a*ce of &y CH#MIST", T#ACH#"
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T#ACH#" SI%AT"# +"I%CI+AL SI%AT"#
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ACKNO!LED"EMENT I# $% a&&'()*+,% '. $%+, )/'&$ ,&&,,.**3 (a# )')* %a4 5,$ '# )'# ( $%+/ 5*,,+#g, a# $% %a/$ )*g ,))'/$3 $%+, $+( I a( $+*++#g $' $%a#8 a** $% )')* %' %a4 5# &'#&/# +$% )/'&$9 P/+(a/ I '* $%a#8 SUDHIR MEMORIAL INSTITUTE .'/ 5+#g a5* $' &'()*$ $%+, )/'&$ +$% ,&&,,9 T%# I '* '* *+8 *+8 $' $%a#8 ( ( ./+#, a# ( CHEMISTRY $a&%/ M,9 M'(+$a C%a8/a5'/$ %', 4a*a5* g+a#& %a, 5# $% '#, $%a$ %*) ( )a$&% $%+, )/'&$ a# (a8 +$ .** )/''. ,&&,,9 H/ ,gg,$+'#, a# %/ +#,$/&$+'#, %a, ,/4 a, $% (a'/ &'#$/+5$'/ $'a/, $% &'()*$+'# '. $% )/'&$9 T%# I '* '* *+8 *+8 $' $%a#8 ( ( )a/#$,3 )a/#$,3 ./+#, %' %a4 %*) ( +$% $%+/ 4a*a5* ,gg,$+'#, ,gg,$+'#, a# g+a#& %a, 5# %*).* +# 4a/+', )%a,, '. $% &'()*$+'# '. $% )/'&$9 La,$ 5$ #'$ $% *a,$ I '* *+8 $' $%a#8 ( &*a,,(a$, %' %*) ( +# '/ga#+,+#g ( )/'&$9
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INDEX •
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INTRODUCTION 0 AIM OF PROJECT 06 APPARATUS AND CHEMICALS 07 THEORY THEORY 0; CHARACTERISTICS 10 APPLICATIONS 11 PROCEDURE 16
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RESULT 1; PRECAUTIONS 1; CONCLUSION 1; BIBLIO"RAPHY 1<
INTRODUCTION T%+, +, #a$/=, #a$/=, '# g+a#$ ('*&*9 ('*&*9 I$ +, $% >5/', (a$/+a* $%a$ 4/ )*a#$ ./'( ,a $' ,?'+a (a8, 5 5a8+#g g*&', ('*&*, +# 6 | Pag
*'#g &%a+#,@ $% &%a+#, a/ 5'# $'g$%/ +# $% >5/, $%a$ g+4 )*a#$, $%+/ ,%a) a# ,$/#g$%9 !'' %a, #' 5&'( $% (a+# ,'/& '. &***',9 S+#& +$ &'#$a+#, '#* 0 $' 0 &***',3 $% ,5,$a#& (,$ 5 $/a&$ 5 )*)+#g=9 T% *'g, a/ a83 a# $%# ,+((/ +# &%(+&a*, $%a$ +,,'*4 $% $a// *+g#+#3 /,+#, a# (+#/a*,9 T% /(a+#+#g )*)3 a5'$ < &***',3 +, /+ a# /'** +#$' ,%$,-/a (a$/+a* .'/ )a)/3 /a'# a# '$%/ )/'&$,9 I$ &a# 5 '5$a+# +# 2 a,: 19 iscose +rocess C***', +, ,'a8 +# 0 &a,$+& ,'a ,'*$+'# .'/ a5'$ %/,9 T% a*8a*+ ,'*$+'# +, /('4 a# $% )/'&$ +, $/a$ +$% CS29 T%+, g+4, &***', a#$%a$ 3 %+&% +, +,,'*4 +# NaOH ,'*$+'# $' g+4 4+,&', ,'*$+'#9 T%+, +, >*$/ a# .'/& $%/'g% a ,)+##/$ +#$' a +*$ H2SO ,'*$+'#3 5'$% '. %+&% %a/# $% g(-*+8 $%/a +#$' /a'# >5/,9 T% )/'&,, '. (a8+#g 4+,&', a, +,&'4/ 5 C9F9C/',, a# E9J9B4a# +# 1;<19 29 C.'ra&&o*i.& "ayo* C)/a(('#+( /a'# +, '5$a+# 5 +,,'*4+#g )+&, '. >*$/ )a)/ +# a ) 5* ,'*$+'# &'#$a+#+#g $$/a-a((+# &)/+& %/'+9 T% *a$$/ +, '5$a+# ./'( a ,'*$+'# '. &'))/ ,*)%a$9 T' T' +$3 NHOH NHOH ,'*$+'# +, +, a $' )/&+)+$a$ )/&+)+$a$ &)/+& %/'+3 %+&% +, $%# +,,'*4 +# &,, '. NH9 7 | Pag
"eactio*s CUSOG 2NHOH COH2G NH2S0 Pa* 5* ))$9 COH 2 G NHOH CNH0H 2 G H2O CNH0H 2 G )+&, '. >*$/ )a)/ *.$ .'/ 10-1 a, g+4 a 4+,&', ,'*$+'# &a** ISCOSE9
AIM OF PROJECT T% (a+# '5&$+4 '5&$+4 '. $% )/'&$ )/'&$ +, $' +**,$/a$ +**,$/a$ $% )/)a/a$+'# '. /a'# 5 $% &)/a(('#+( )/'&,,9 I#,$a '. '' )*) a, $% &***', ,'/& 3 a$$()$ +, '# $' (a8 , '. $% /a &***', ,&% a, a,$ )a)/ #-)/+#$3 >*$/ )a)/ $&9
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APPARATUS a C'#+&a* a,8 )/./a5* 20 (* 5 F##* & "*a,, /' Ba8/ )/./a5* 20 (* !a$/ 5a$% 9 | Pag
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CHEMICALS a CSO 5 NaOH ,'*$+'# & L+?'/ a(('#+a ,'*$+'# D+*$ H2SO !%a$(a# Pa)/ . D+,$+** H2O9
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THEORY THEORY O. a** $% >5/,3 /a'# +, )/'5a5* $% (',$ )/)*+#g $' &'#,(/,9 I$ &a# 5 .'# +# &'$$'#-*+8 # ,,3 a, ** a, ,()$', 4*4$, a# $a$a,9 I$ (a .#&$+'# ,&&,,.** +# a5,'/5#$ %g+# a# +#&'#$+##& )a, a# ?a** ** )/'4++#g ,$/#g$% +# $+/ &'/,9 !%a$ 10 | P a g
+, $%+, >5/ $%a$ %a, ,' (a# .a&, Ra'# a, $% >/,$ (a#.a&$/ >5/9 T% $/( /a'# a, '&+a** a')$ 5 $% $$+* +#,$/9 U#*+8 (',$ (a#-(a >5/,3 /a'# +, #'$ ,#$%$+&9 I$ +, (a ./'( '' )*)3 a #a$/a**-'&&//+#g3 #a$/a**-'&&//+#g3 &***',-5a, /a (a$/+a*9 A, a /,*$3 /a'#Q, )/')/$+, a/ ('/ ,+(+*a/ $' $%', '. #a$/a* &***',+& >5/,3 ,&% a, &'$$'# '/ *+##3 $%a# $%', '. $%/(')*a,$+&3 )$/'*(5a, ,#$%$+& >5/, ,&% a, #*'# '/ )'*,$/9 A*$%'g% /a'# +, (a ./'( '' )*)3 a /*a$+4* +#)#,+4 a# /#a5* /,'/&3 )/'&,,+#g /?+/, %+g% a$/ a# #/g ,3 a# %a, &'#$/+5$ $' a+/ a# a$/ )'**$+'#9 M'/#+a$+'# '. (a#.a&$/+#g )*a#$, a# )/'&,,, &'(5+# +$% a4a+*a5+*+$ '. /a (a$/+a*, %a, +#&/a, /a'#=, &'()$+$+4#,, +# $% (a/8$9 H+,$'/ Ra'# +, $% g#/+& $/( .'/ >5/ a# $% /,*$+#g a/# a# .a5/+& (a#.a&$/ '. /g#/a$ &***', 5 a# '# '. ,+ )/'&,,,9 I$, +()'/$a#& +()'/$a#& a, a >5/ *+, +# +$, 4/,a$+*+$3 a# +# $% .a&$ $%a$ +$ a, $% >/,$ 4+a5* (a#.a&$/ >5/9 A, .a/ 5a&8 a, 1663 E#g*+,% #a$/a*+,$ R'5/$ H''8 $%'/+ $%a$ a/$+>&+a* >*a(#$, (+g%$ 5 ,)# ./'( a ,5,$a#& ,+(+*a/ $' $%a$ %+&% ,+*8'/(, ,&/$ $' (a8 ,+*89 T%+, a, '.$# '.$# $/+ 5 ,&+#$+,$, ,&+#$+,$, +# $% #,+#g #,+#g a/, %' ,'g%$ a# a/$+>&+a* ,+*83 $ #' '# 11 | P a g
a, $' ,&& #$+* +# 1; $% F/#&%(a# + ,'3 "'/g A(a/,9 A(a/,9 B +))+#g a #* +#$' a 4+,&', ,'*$+'# '. (*5// 5a/8 )*) a# g(( /55/3 % a, a5* $' (a8 a $%/a9 !%+* +#$/,$+#g ./'( a ,&+#$+>& ,$a#)'+#$3 $%+, )/'&,, a, %a/* 4+a5* &'#'(+&a** - +$ a, 4/ ,*'3 a# /?+/ a g/a$ a* '. ,8+** a# )/&+,+'#9 T% >/,$ &'((/&+a* ,#$%$+& >5/ a, )/'& 5 H+*a+/ B/#+ga3 C'#$ '. C%a/'##a 1;<-1<2 a.$/ 2< a/, '. /,a/&%3 a, )a$#$ +# 1;;3 a# (a#.a&$/ 5 %+( +# 1;;<9 T%+, &***',-5a, &***',-5a, .a5/+& 8#'# 8#'# a, C%a/'##a C%a/'##a ,+*8 a, )/$$ 5$ 4/ a((a5*3 +$ a, /('4 ./'( $% (a/8$9 S''# a.$/3 $% E#g*+,% &%(+,$ C%a/*, F//+&8 C/',, a# %+, &'**a5'/a$'/, Ea/ J'%# B4a# a# C*a$'# Ba* +,&'4/ $% 4+,&', )/'&,, +# 1;<1 1;<29 C'/$a*, F+5/, )/'& $% >/,$ &'((/&+a* 4+,&', /a'# +# 1<0@ $% >/,$ +# $% U#+$ S$a$, a, +# 1<10 5 $% A(/+&a# +,&', C'()a#9 I#+$+a** /a'# a, &a** A/$+>&+a* S+*83 a# (a# '$%/ #a(,9 I# 1<2 1<263 a &'((+$$ .'/( 5 $% U9S9 D)a/$(#$ '. C'((/& a# 4a/+', &'((/&+a* a,,'&+a$+'#, &+ )'# $% #a( /a'#9 I$ a, &a** /a'# .'/ '# '. $' /a,'#,: +$%/ 5&a, '. +$, 5/+g%$#,, a# ,+(+*a/+$+, +# 12 | P a g
,$/&$/ +$% &'$$'# ,# /a3 -'# &'$$'#9 O/ 5&a, $% #a(+#g &'((+$$ &'*#Q$ ># a #a( ./'( $% $%',a#, #$/ +# a &'#$,$ $% ,)'#,'/3 a# %' %') $' ,% a /a '. *+g%$ '# $% ,5&$ ./'( /a'#3 F/#&% .'/ /a9 P/')/$+, +,&', Ra'# %a, a ,+*8-*+8 a,$%$+& +$% ,)/5 /a) a# .* a# /$a+#, +$, /+&% 5/+**+a#$ &'*'/,9 I$, &***',+& 5a, &'#$/+5$, (a# )/')/$+, ,+(+*a/ $' $%', '. &'$$'# '/ '$%/ #a$/a* &***',+& >5/,9 Ra'# +, ('+,$/ a5,'/5#$ ('/ ,' $%a# &'$$'#3 5/a$%a5*3 &'(.'/$a5* $' a/3 a# a,+* +# 4+4+ &'*'/,9 I$ ', #'$ 5+* ) ,$a$+& *&$/+&+$3 #'/ +** +$ )+** #*,, $% .a5/+& +, (a ./'( ,%'/$3 *'-$+,$ a/#,9 Ra'# +, &'(.'/$a5*3 ,'.$ $' $% ,8+#3 a# %a, ('/a$ / ,$/#g$% a# a5/a,+'# /,+,$a#&9 L+8 '$%/ &***',+& >5/,3 +$ +, #'$ /,+*+#$3 %+&% (a#, $%a$ +$ +** /+#8*9
CHARACTERISTICS
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Characteristics Ra'# a, a &*'$% +, ,'.$ a# &'(.'/$a5*9 I$ /a), **3 %+&% +, '# '. $% /a,'#, +$ +, ,' ,+/a5* a, a# a))a/* .a5/+&9 M',$ &%a/a&$/+,$+&, a/ 4a/+a5* )#+#g '# )/'&,,+#g3 )/'&,,+#g3 a+$+4, a# >#+,%+#g $/a$(#$,3 #'$ $' (#$+'# .a5/+& &'#,$/&$+'#9 A:sor:e*cy Ra'# +, $% (',$ a5,'/5#$ '. a** &***', >5/,3 4# ('/ ,' $%a# &'$$'# a# *+##9 B&a, '. $%+,3 /a'# a5,'/5, )/,)+/a$+'# a# a**', +$ $' 4a)'/a$ aa ./'( $% ,8+#3 (a8+#g +$ a# &**#$ ,((/ .a5/+&9 I$, %+g% a5,'/5#& a))*+, ?a** $' ,3 a**'+#g 5a$+.*3 )3 /+&% &'*'/,9
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APPLICATIONS ,ar*s ,ar*s (5/'+/ $%/a3 &%#+**3 &'/3
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!o&estic !o&esti c Te;tiles e;tiles 5,)/a,3 5*a#8$,3
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D+,,'*$+'# : T% &***',+& /a (a$/+a*, .'/ /a'# a/ a/ '' &%+), ,a** ./'( ,)/& '/ )+# '/ &'$$'# *+#$/,9 T%, a/ $/a$ $' )/'& ,%$, '. )/+> &***', &'#$a+#+#g ;7-<; &***',9 T% a/ a/ $%# 5*a&% +$% ,'+( %)'&%*'/+ NaOC* $' /('4 #a$/a* &'*'/9 T%, &***', &***', ,%$, a/ a/ $%# ,'a8 ,'a8 +# 1; &a,$+& ,'a .'/ 1 $' 2 %'/ )/'&+#g ,%$, '. a*8a*+ &***',9 A# &,, a*8a*+ +, )/,, '$9 T% ,5,$a#& ,5,$a#& +, 5/'8 5/'8# # ) +#$' a8 a8, , '/ g/a+#, &a** &***', &/(5,3 %+&% a/ ag .'/ $' '/ $%/ a, #/ &'#$/'** $()/a$/ a# %(++$9 L+?+ &a/5'# +,*> +, a $' $% &/(5, $' &%a#g $% &***', +#$' &***', a#$%a$3 a *+g%$ '/a#g ,5,$a#& $%a$ +, ,$+** +# &/(5 .'/(9 T%, &/(5, a/ +,,'*4 +# a 19 | P a g
a8 ,'*$+'# '. &a,$+& ,'a a# $/a#,.'/( +#$' a 4+,&', ,'*$+'# &a** 4+,&',3 %'#*+8 +# &'*'/ &' *'/ a# a # &'#,+,$#& &'#,+ ,$#&99
E$/,+'# : T' T' )/'& )/'& $% /a'# >*a(#$3 $% $% 4+,&', ,'*$+'# +, ag3 >*$/3 $%# 4a&(-$/a$ $' /('4 a# a+/ 555*, $%a$ &'* a8# $% >*a(#$ a# &a, +$ $' 5/a89 I$ +, $%# )() $%/'g% ,)+##/$, +#$' a 5a$% '. ,*./+& a&+3 %+&% &'ag*a$, $% &***', a#$%a$ $' .'/( /g#/a$ >*a(#$, '. 100 &***',9 T% (a# 4a/+a$+'#, a# +/#$ )/')/$+, '. 4+,&', ,&% a, *,$/3 ,$/#g$%3 ,'.$#,, a# a#+$ .'/ ,3 a/ +##& %/ 5 4a/+#g $% $&%#+? a# 5 $% a+$+'# '. $/#a* (a$/+a*,9
P/+>&a$+'# O#& $/3 $% ./,%* .'/( 4+,&', (,$ 5 )/+> a# ,$/#g$%#9 I$ +, $%'/'g%* a,%3 $/a$ +$% a +*$ ,'*$+'# '. ,'+( ,*> $' /('4 a# ,*./ +()/+$+,9 I$ (a 5 5*a&% $' /('4 a ,*+g%$ **'#,, a# $' ,&/ 4# %+$ %+$ &'*'/3 &'*'/3 a# a# >#a* a,%+#g9
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Ra Ma$/+a*, : Rga/*,, '. $% ,+g# '/ (a#.a&$/+#g )/'&,,3 $% 5a,+& /a (a$/+a* .'/ (a8+#g /a'# +, &***',9 T% (a'/ ,'/&, .'/ #a$/a* &***', a/ '' )*),a** ./'( )+#3 ,)/&3 '/ %(*'&8 $/,9
21 | P a g
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PROCEDURE A +re'aratio* of Scheiters Sol.tio* a !+g% 20g '. CSO9H209 5 T/a#,./ $%a$ $' a 5a8/ %a4+#g 100(* +,$+** a$/ a# a 1(* '. +*$ H2SO $' )/4#$ %/'*,+, '. CSO9 22 | P a g
& S$+// +$ +$% a g*a,, /' $+** a &*a/ ,'*$+'# a, '5$a+#9 A 11(* '. *+?'/ a(('#+a /') 5 /') +$% ,*' ,$+//+#g9 T% )/&+)+$a$ '. &)/+& %/'+ a, ,)a/a$ '$9 F+*$/ $% ,'*$+'# &'#$a+#+#g &)/+& %/'+ $%/'g% a .##* +$% >*$/ )a)/9 !a,% $% )/&+)+$a$ '. &)/+& %/'+ +$% a$/ #$+* $% >*$/a$ .a+*, $' g+4 a )',+$+4 $,$ .'/ ,*)%a$ +'#, +$% 5a/+( &%*'/+ ,'*$+'#9 . T/a#,./ $% )/&+)+$a$ $' a 5a8/ $%a$ &'#$a+# 0(* '. *+?'/ a(('#+a a# a,% +$ '# $% .##*9 T% )/&+)+$a$ )/&+)+$a$ %# +,,'*4 +# *+?'/ a(('#+a ga4 a ) 5* ,'*$+'# '. $$/a-a((+# &)/+& %/'+9 T%a$ a, 8#'# a, SCH=#ITD#"S S$LTI$%
B +re'aratio* of Cell.lose &aterial a 2g '. >*$/ )a)/ a, +g% a# +4+ +$ +#$' 4/ ># )+&, a# $%# $/a#,./ $%, )+&, $' $% $$/a-a((+# &)/+& %/'+ ,'*$+'# +# $% 5a8/9 5a8/9 5 Sa* $% a,8 a# 8)$ .'/ 10 $' 1 a,3 /+#g $%a$ )/+' $% >*$/ )a)/ a, +,,'*4 &'()*$*9
C or&atio* of "ayo* Threa( a Ta8# 0(* '. +,$+** a$/ +# a g*a,, &'#$a+#/9 &'#$a+#/9 T' T' $%a$ a 20(* '. &'#& H2SO H2 SO /') 5 /')9 C''* $% ,'*$+'# #/ $a) 23 | P a g
a$/9 I# a 5+g g*a,, &'#$a+#/ )'/ ,'( '. $% ,'*$+'#9 5 F+** $% ,/+#g +$% &***', ,'*$+'# )/)a/ 5.'/9 & P*a& $% 5+g g*a,, &'#$a+#/ &'#$a+#+#g H2SO ,'*$+'# )/'& 5.'/ +# +& $% /a&$+'# 5+#g ,)'#$a#', /,*$, +# &,, /*a, '. #/g +# $% .'/( '. %a$ %+&% (a8, $% >5/, a8 a# 5/a8, $%(9 I((/, $% $+) '. $% ,/+#g +# $% ,'*$+'# a# )/,, g#$*9 N'$+& $% >5/, g$$+#g .'/( +# $% a&+ 5a$%9 C'#$+# $' ('4 a# )/,, $% ,/+#g $' $/ ('/ >5/, +#$' $% 5a$%9 L.$ $% >5/, +# ,'*$+'# $+** $% &'*'/+ a# 5&'( ,$/'#g #'g%9 . F+*$/ a# a,% +$% +,$+** a$/9
24 | P a g
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RESULT Ra'# $%/a a, )/)a/ ./'( >*$/ )a)/9
PRECAUTIONS a A+$+'# '. &,, NH ,%'* 5 a4'+9 5 B.'/ $a8+#g $% 4+,&', +# $% ,/+#g (a8 ,/ $%a$ +$ ', #'$ &'#$a+# &'#$a+# a# )a/$+&*, )a/$+&*, '. )a)/3 )a)/3
25 | P a g
'$%/+,3 +$ '* &*'g $% #* '. $% ,/+#g9 &A A +$+'# '. NH ,%'* 5 '# +# a .( &)5'a/ a# +$% $/( &a/9 T% .(, +. +#%a* (a &a, g++#,,9 U, a $%+&8 #* '$%/+, $% >5/, '#=$ &'( '$9
CONCLUSION Sa()* '. "A,$% TH"#A! "$M ILT#" +A+#" a, ,&&,,.** )/)a/9
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BIBLIO"RAPHY 26 | P a g
Na$+'#a*
C'#&+* '. E&a$+'#a* R,a/&% a# T/a+#+#g T/a+#+#g C%(+,$/ C%(+,$/ Pa/$ Pa/$ I V T$5''8 .'/ .'/ C*a,, XII9 T'g$%/ T'g$%/ !+$% !+$% La5 Ma#a* Ma#a* C%(+,$/ C%(+,$/ XII9 B%a/$+ B%aa# P5*+,%/, D+,$/+5$'/, C'()/%#,+4 C%(+,$/ La5 Ma#a* XII 9 !+8+)+a !+8+)+a T% ./ #&&*')+a9
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>#;a&i*er Si/*at.re?
27 | P a g
