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IGNACIO BURGOA ORIHUELA DOCTOR EN DERECHO Y MAESTRO EMÉRITO DE LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO MÉXICO

EL PROCESO DE CRISTO Monografía jurídica sin!"ica Tercera edición

EDITORIAL PORR#A AV. REPÚBLICA ARGENTINA 15 . MÉXICO, 2002

IGNACIO BURGOA ORIHUELA DOCTOR EN DERECHO Y MAESTRO EMÉRITO DE LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO MÉXICO

EL PROCESO DE CRISTO Monografía jurídica sin!"ica Tercera edición

EDITORIAL PORR#A AV. REPÚBLICA ARGENTINA 15 . MÉXICO, 2002

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III. LA REPÚBLICA. DESDE 244 HASTA ÉL AO 2 AC.

II. LA MONARUJA. DESDE LA 6UNDACIÓN DE ROMA EN 5F HASTA EL AO 224 AC. E' "-" r:+!"' "/ D"r"%( P"'#/ '( "-#9# r"+/#$( )(r /"*" )(-7# '( )(r /# %(-!9r". C#'$( " %(!"-# ' #-"'-#$( %('-r# /# %(# )=9/%# r" p#!lica), "/ $"/-( "r# $" %#r%-"r )(/-%(, %*# )"r"%%&' %(rr")('$# # $( %$#$#'( (duoviri). E-# "'%(!"'$# &/( !)(r-#9# /# '-r%%&' $"/ )r(%"( * /# #%#%&' %('-r# "/ #-(r $" $%( #-"'-#$( #'-" "/ )"9/( (coram F Idem. A )r()&-( $" /# %r('(/(+# $" /# 7$# $" 'risto, "/ %-#$( #-(r <(r!/# '-"r"#'-" %('$"r#%('", $"-#%#'$( "'-r" "//# /# $" ;" Jesús nació el 25 de diciem!re del #( 4 de oma, ( "#,  a*os antes de la "r# cristiana, !!# ;", )(r "'$", '( %(!"'3& #/ !" +"'-" $"  '#%!"'-(, %(!( 7/+#r!"'-" " )('".

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CAPJTULO SEGUNDO

DERECHO PENAL HEBREO I. CONSIDERACIONES PREVIAS

E' "/ #( F #.C., P(!)"*( -(!# /# %$#$ $"

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11

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12


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CAPJTULO TERCERO

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IGNACIO BURGOA OR/HUELA

II. SOMERA SEMBLANA DE LA DOCTRINA DE CRISTO L# $(%-r'# $" @"= %('<r!# /# %## $"  )r(%"(. S" "'%"'-r# ")"-# "' "/ 9ermón de la 1onta*a # -r#7: $" /# /ienaventuran0as. S"+=' "/ #-(r %-#$(, Cr-( " $r+" #  $%)/( * # -($(  "+$(r" /"7#'-#'$(  (8( #/ %"/(, )#r# $#r # "'-"'$"r ;"  $(%-r'# 7"'# $" /( A/-(14 * !#'<"-#'$( "'  S"r!&' /( +"'-" # /ienaventurados los po!res de espíritu, porue de ellos es el reino de los cielos. E/ )(9r" $" ")r-, %(!( #<r!# 6"r$'#'$ Pr#-, " "/ (!9r" '$"<"'( * 8+"-" $" /# -r#'# $" /( )($"r((.15 P(r -#'-(, '( " "/ !"'-"%#-(, "/ -('-( ( "/ $(-#, %(!( +"'"r#/!"'-" " %r"". 9 /ienaventurados los mansos, porue ellos poseerán la tierra. E/ !#'( " "/ !/$", "/ $"%")%('#$(, "/
14 op. cit., )+. 2F. 15 Idem, )+.. 2F. 1 Idem, )+. 2F.

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r"+'#%&' ;" #%" #9r#3#r "/ 

7(3 $"/ C#9#//"r( $" /# Tr-" 6+r#, $"'(!'# /# /"* $"/ "'%#8" ;" "/" -"'"r !%# %#9$# "' /( +'(r#'-" ;" )r"!"' $" #+$(. 1


2.1

-"'"' /# (9/+#%&' $" )r#%-%#r  !#'$#!"'-( "' /( $-'-( !9-( $"  7$# * "' /# $<"r"'-" r"/#%('" ;" /# %('<+r#'. E-# (9/+#%&' " !#'<"-# "' "/ )(/<#%:-%(

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7(3 $"/ C#9#//"r( $" /# Tr-" 6+r#, $"'(!'# /# /"* $"/ "'%#8" ;" "/" -"'"r !%# %#9$# "' /( +'(r#'-" ;" )r"!"' $" #+$(. 1  /ienaventurados sois, cuando os maldijeren % os persi guieren % dijeren con mentira toda suer te de mal contra voso tros, por mi causa. E-# 9"'#7"'-r#'3# " /# )r"$%%&' $" /( 
1 Pr!"r %('"8( $#$( )(r $(' 8(-" # S#'%( P#'3# # )r()&-( $"/ +(9"r'( $" /# I'/# B#r#-#r#.


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-"'"' /# (9/+#%&' $" )r#%-%#r  !#'$#!"'-( "' /( $-'-( !9-( $"  7$# * "' /# $<"r"'-" r"/#%('" ;" /# %('<+r#'. E-# (9/+#%&' " !#'<"-# "' "/ )(/<#%:-%( $"9"r $"/ %r-#'( $" %('$%r" %(!( -#/ "' %#/;"r #%-7$#$ ;" $""!)"" * "' %#/;"r )(%&' ;" (%)". E/ Cr-#'!( '( " '# r"/+&' %('<'#$# "' /( %/#-r( ' "' /( -"!)/( ' (/#!"'-" (9"r7#9/" "' /( r-(, "' %"r"!('# /-=r+%# * "' "/ %/-(. P(r /( %('-r#r(, /( )r'%)( %r-#? '(, /# $"# !(r#/" ;" '7(/%r#' * /( 7#/(r" ")r-#/" ;" )r(%/#!#', $"9"' "r /# 9#" $" /# "-r%-r# (%#/" $"'-r( $" /# ;" )r"-"'$# /(+r#r" "/ !"8(r#!"'-( * /# )"r#%&' $" /( +r#'$" "%-(r" !#'( $" ' )"9/(. L# ""'%# -"/"(/&+%# %r-#'# '( " -r#$%" "' '# r"+'#%&' #'-" /# #$7"r$#$, /( '"+#-7( " '8-( ;" +"'"r# '# "-:r/ %('(/#%&', '( "' ' %('-'( %(!9#-" * "' '# /%# '%#'#9/" )(r (9-"'"r /# r"#/3#%&' (98"-7# $" /( )(-/#$( $"/ S#/7#$(r. A!#r #/ )r&8!( '( !)/%# ='%#!"'-" '( $##r/( ' !)/"!"'-" "'-r## "/ $""( )(r  9"'"-#r, '( -#!9:' #%-#r )#r# <#7(r"%"r/(, !"8(r#r/( * $"<"'$"r/( *  "" )r&8!( "- r")r""'-#$( )(r '# %(/"%-7$#$ !#'# ;" 
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/# %('$%-# (98"-7#, " <#r"!( * <#/#, ( "#, /# '"+#%&' !!# $"/ Cr-#'!(. S"r# %('-r#$%-(r(, )(r '( $"%r #9r$(, ;" (/#!"'-" "' "/ -"!)/(, "' /( r-( * %"r"!('# " (9"r7#r#' /( )(-/#$( )r"%('3#$( )(r @"%r-( * ;" "' /# 7$# )=9/%#, "' /# r"/#%('" (%#/" * "' %#/;"r (-r# #%-7$#$ "-"r'# $"/ (!9r", -#/" )(-/#$( " 7(/#r#' ( $"8#r#' $" %!)/r". L# %('$%&' $" %r-#'( " ' !)"r#-7( ;" $"'(-# -(-#/$#$ "' "/ %(!)(r-#!"'-(. 4o $"9" #9"r %r-#'( # !"$# ;", )(r /# <#/#%# ;" "-# -#%&' !)/%#, no (' %r-#'( 7"r$#$"r( #';" " #8-"' "-r%-#!"'-" # /# <(r!# $"/ %/-(. M"r%"$ # "# $" ('-(/&+%# -(-#/$#$, "/ %r-#'( $"9" '-"r7"'r #%-7#!"'-" "' %#/;"r "<"r# )#r# !)"$r ;" " ;"9r#'-"' /( )r'%)( :-%(?(%#/" $"/ Cr-#' mo, ;" (' $" 7#/$"3 '7"r#/, * )#r# /(+r#r ;" !)"r"' "' /# %('$%-# '$7$#/" * )=9/%#. E-# r"
III. PROCEDIMIENTO ANTE EL SANHEDRJN, DE6ENSA DE @ESÚS Y SENTENCIA CONDENATORIA

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1 "
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)r"%")-(r $" S#/(, '(!9r" 8$( $" S#' P#9/(. A "# A#!9/"#, #$"!, #-"r(' $( !)#-3#$(r" $" /# $"# $" Cr-( @OSÉ DE ARIMATEA Y NICODEMUS, ;"' <'+& %(!( $"<"'(r $"/ #%#$(. D"9"!( #$7"r-r ;" G#!#/"/ (%)#9# "/ #/-( %#r+( $" +r#' )('-<%" $"+'#$( %r(#!"'-" %(' "/ '(!9r" $" NASI.21 E-" "!'"'-" )"r('#8" $"/ )r(%"( $" Cr-(, #/ r")('$"r '# '%r")#%&' ;" /" 3( '( $" /( ! <r9'$( "'"!+( $" @"=, O'W"/(, #<r!&E' "-# %## " #-r()"//# -($# /"*, -($# -r#$%&', * "/ S#'"$r', /# )r"!# #-(r$#$ $" Ir#"/, "- #(r# )"-# "' !#'( $" '( '-r+#'-" #!9%((, * )r"'-"'$( "/ !!( G#!#/"/ /# !"r-" $" Cr-(, /#'3& "-# $"!(/"$(r#
21 @(: PALLÉS, "' /# (9r# *# %-#$#, )('" "' 7(3 $" N%($" ! /# +"'-" )#/#9r# $r+$# # G#!#/"/ D"9" #%"r ' )r"!( "<"r3( )#r# #/7#r /# 7$# $" "" om!re, ;" 7( 83+# '(%"'-" -#' (/(, * ;" *( %r"( "r D( ? "7-#'$( ' %r!"' " )#'-(( # /# '#%&', !)$"'$( ;" /# #'+r" $" "" @-( %#+# (9r" Ir#"/ * /" #%#rr"" $"+r#%# ' %"'-( L# P#&' $"/ R" $"'-(r, T(!( ', )+. . 22 =p. cit., )+. F.


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"' /# -"'"9r(# (!9r# $" /# '(%"  ' (!9r" %*# '(%"'%# " !# %/#r# ;" /# ")/"'$(r(# /3 $"/ $# S )r(-"- $" 7"-r# 9"' $""(,  !" "'%#r"%: 7"-r( #<' )(r #%"r 8-%#, *( ( %('-"-#r: ;" #'-" -($( $"9: )r(%r#r '( "r ' )#r"%"r '8-( * ;"  -#'-# " 7"-r# r"%--$,  -#' +r#'$" " 7"-r( #!(r  /# 8-%#, $"9: #'/#r -($( /( ;" " # "%(, $"9: r"-r#r#  7"-r# %##, )r""'-#r# #/ %&'%/#7" $"): $"/ #%r<%( $" /# !##'# * #// "!)"3#r $" '"7( /# %##,  " ;" 7"-r# %('%"'%# '( ( $%"  +r-( ;" @"= $" N#3#r"- " '(%"'-" ;" @"= $" N#3#r"- $"9" "r $"$" @"+( )"-( "' /9"r-#$, $"): $" $#r/" '# r")#r#%&' +#/  /# (<"'# ;" /" #9: "%(. P"r( /( ;" ( '$%( '( /( #r: * "-( " /( ;" !" )('" "' "/ %#( $" r")"-r ;", )##'$( )(r -($(, ;"r: %('$"'#r  ' (!9r" $" %*# '(%"'%# ( #// )/"'#!"'-" %('7"'%$(. P#r# 8-<%#r( (/( #//( ' !"$( " "/ ;" ( '$%( * '( %r"( ;" ( #//: $)"-(  "%#r !#'( $" :/. N( ( ;"8:, )", %#'$( ( #%", '( ( rr-: %#'$( ( "%" "' %#r# 7"-r# 7"'+#'3# * /# ';$#$ $" 7"-r# '8-%#, )(r;" *( )($r: $"%r( "!)r" *Q "!)r" ( /( $r: "' #/-# 7(3 S @"= " '(%"'-" %(!( r"/-# $" /# $")(%('" $" /( -"-+(, )(r ;: $"!(-r -#'-( "!)"( "' //"7#r/" #/ )#-9/(, '( )#r# 7"'+#r# $"  '!#%/#$# 7r-$ S " %r!'#/, )(r ;: ( #%: %r!'#/" 7((-r(, %(/(%#' $#( $"/ -($( <"r# $" /# /"* "' "/ #%-( $" 83+#r  %r!"' P(r ;: '( /" %('$% #/ /+#r $('$" (/( )"$"' 83+#r" /( %r!'#/", )(r ;: '( )r(%r 8-<%#r 7"-r# "'-"'%#  /( (8( $"/ )"9/(, $%-'$(/# "' )/"'( $#, $"): $" ;" -($( Ir#"/ " #//# %"r%(r#$( )(r /( $"9#-" * )(r /# $")(%('", $"/ )r"-"'$$( %r!"' $" @"=, $" /# 8-%# $" /# )"'# ;", "+=' $"%, $"9" #)/%r"/" )(r "!"8#'-" %r!"' U'# $" $(, "(r", & @"= $" N#3#r"- " %/)#9/" * 7((-r( ( #%" %/)#9/" -#!9:' " '$+'( $"/ )"-( ;" (%) * $+'( $" /# )"'# $%-#$# %('-r# /( -r#'+r"(r" $" /# /"* #'-# $"/ S"(r, "' "/ #%-( $" "'-"'%#r/" %('-r#

2


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2

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F0


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F1

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F2


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F4


)#/#%(, )#r# )r""'%#r /# ';$#$ $" /( 8"%" $"/ )"9/(. Y "-( '( " -($( #'. D"8#$ ;" !" #+# %#r+( $" (-r# /"+#/$#$ $" /# ;" #' #%(!)##$( "/ #%-( $" C#<, /"+#/$#$ ;",  /# 7"!( '%#$# )(r "/ )('-<%" '( " (/( $"/ )('-<%", '( ;"  r")('#9/$#$ %#" -#!9:' (9r" 7((-r( "' /# !!# )r()(r%('", )"-( ;" '( (/( /# #9: -(/"r#$(, '( ;" /# #9: )r(8#$(, * #%:'$(( (/$#r( $" "//# %(' "/ r"+(%8( $"/ ;" '( ")"r# ' 9"' r"/-#$( * /( (9-"'" !)"'? #$#!"'-", /# #9: "%( "r7r $" 9#" )#r# )r(<"rr "/ '-"!)"-7(, "/ /"+#/, "/ '8-( >es reo de muerte? S"'-"'%# )r"%)-#$#, ;" $"%9r"'$( 7"-r( %(r#3('", !" #-(r3# '# 7"3 !# )#r# $"%r( ;", #'-" $" "!)"3#r /# %##, -"'# *# $%-#$# /# "'-"'%#, r"/-#r# /( ;" r"/-#" $" /# '$#+#%('" !"'-$# ;" #9r"r# )#r# $"%9rr /# 7"r$#$. Y %(!( ;" ( #9: "%( (/$#r( $" /# /"+#/$#$ $" C#<, * %(!( ( %('$"r(  -($( %(' +#/ %/)#9/$#$ #'-" /# /"*, )"r!-$ ;" $r8# ! )r"+'-#  -($( )"r!-$, '( ;" #9/" %(' C#<, '( %(' "/ S#'"$r' $" Ir#"/, * ;" /" $+# D"%('(%" "/ -r9'#/ $" /# '#%&' /# /"*" ;" $"9"' r"+r/", )#r# )r(%"$"r %(' 8-%# * #%"r-( "' /# %## ;" " /" )r""'-#', #/ (98"-( $" $%-#r ' <#//( #9(/-(r( & %('$"'#-(r( S $"%('(%" /# /"*", %&!( )r"-"'$"' "'-#r"  !"!9r( "'  #"'-(, ;" )r(%"$"'$( "' %('%"'%# '( )"$"' (%)#r, )"-( ;" " #//#' %('-#'-"!"'-" ")"-(  %('$"'#r #/ '(%"'-" S /# %('(%", )(r ;: '( (9r# %('<(r!" "/ S"(r !#'$# ;" (9r" ' -r9'#/ * $+( "-(, "(r", )(r;" 7((-r( ( #// %(/(%#$( "' /# $r# #/-"r'#-7# ;" r"/-# $" ! $/"!#, )"-( ;", & '( %('(%: /# /"*", %#'$( #9: %('"'-$( ;" " )r"+'-#r#  @"= $" N#3#r"- %(' "/ (98"-( $" ;" $")"r# %('-r#  !!(, &  %('(%: /# /"*", #9r: (9r#$( /# '8-%#, #9: )"%#$( $"/#'-" $"/ S"(r )"-( ;" '( (/( '( #9: %!)/$( %(' 7"-r( $"9"r $" 8"%", '( ;"


F5

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F


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45

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4


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(' 8"%" $"/ )"9/( $" Ir#"/ * " //#!#' A'#'# * A%#3#. : (98"-( //"7#9#' "( #+"'-" ;" "'7#9#  @"= $" N#3#r"- T"'-#r/", )r")#r#r/" /#3(, r$r -r#!# )#r# #%"r/" %#"r "' /( ;" 7((-r( //#! %r!"' $+'( $" !"r-". P(r <(r-'# )#r# A'#'# * A%#3# '( )$"r(' )('"r "' 7# $" "%( 7"-r( "'%#r+(, )"-( ;" #;"/  ;"' /( "'7#9# )#r# #%"r/" '%rrr "' /( ;" //#! %r!"', "-#9# #"'-" *# $" /( $(!'( (!"-$(  7"-r# 8r$%%&', %#'$( 7"-r( #+"'-" )r(7(%#$(r" //"+#r('  B"-#'#. A9r+( /# %"r-"3# $" ;" "' "/ %#( $" "'%('-r#r "' B"-#'#  @"= 7"-r( #+"'-", "-( 9"r#' $( %('<'$$( * $""'!#%#r#$( )(r /# #/-!# %"'%# $" ! "+r"+( $"<"'$$( * (/( -"'"'$( "' %"'-# "-# r#3&', " $%( ;" A'#'# * A%#3# -7"r(' /# 9"'# <(r-'# $" '( "'%('-r#r *# #/ ;" 9%#9#', %#'$( //"+#r('  /# 7"%'# #/$"# * "-( ;" #/+'( $" 7((-r( /( %('$"r#-" -#/ 7"3 %(!( '# $"+r#%#, *( /( %('$"r( %(!( '# <(r-'# )#r# "/ $"%(r( * /# ('r# $"/ S#'"? $r'. S, "(r", <(r-'# * +r#'$" <: )#r# "-# %(r)(r#%&' "/ ;" 7"-r( )"'#!"'-( '( )$"r# //"+#r  7# $" "%(, )(r;" "'-('%" " 9"r#' )"-( "' "7$"'%# -($# /# ';$#$ * -($( /( !"'+#$( )r()&-( $" '( (!9r" ;" " //#!#' 8"%" $" Ir#"/, * $" #;"//# ';$#$ * $" "-( )r()&-(, 9"r# '"%"#r#!"'-" #/$( -3'#$( %#'$( !"'(,  '( $"/ -($( "''"+r"%$(, "/ -r9'#/ )r"!( $"/ )"9/( $" D(. *  '(, %('$"r#$, #';" '( "# !# ;" $" )#(, "/ "'%#r+( ;" "'%(!"'$#-"  A'#'# * A%#3# * ' +r#'$" "<"r3( ( r"/-#r /&+%( * "7$"'-" %#'-( ( #%#9( $" $"%r ( r"/-#r $" '# !#'"r# '%('-r(7"r-9/" ;" 8-<%#9#  @"= $" N#3#r"- * ;" r"%('(%#  '!#%/#$# '(%"'%#, "' "/ #%-( !!( $" !#'$#r '( #+"'-", %(' "/ ")r"( "'%#r+( $" #%"r/" '%rrr "' ' %r!"' )#r# )($"r/" 83+#r * %('$"'#r $"):, )(r %## $"/ $"/-( ;" " '-"'-#9# #%"r/" %(!"-"r. S " '-"'-#9# #%"r/" %(!"-"r "/ %r!"' )#r# )($"r %('$"'#r/",

50


" "7$"'-", "(r", ;" %('<"#9# '( #9"r" %(!"-$( "/ %r!"'  %('<"#9# /# '(%"'%# $" @"= $" '# !#'"r# -#' !#'<"-#, %('<"#9# -#!9:' "/ $"/9"r#$( )r()&-( ;" -"'# $" #%"r/" 7%-!# $" 7"-r( ($( !)/#%#9/" * " '#-r#/ ;" "'$( #, 7"-r# ';$#$ r"/-" "7$"'-" * /( )r()&-( !"'+#$( $" 8"%" "!"8#'-", $"9"r#' -3'#r * "''"+r"%"r /# ('r# * "/ $"%(r( $" /# %(r)(r#%&' $" ;" <(r!#' )#r-",  /# %('%$"'%# & /# )r(7$"'%# $" D( '( /( "7-#", #%"'$( ;" @"= " #"'-#r# $" B"-#'# #'-" $" //"+#r 7"-r( #+"'-" )r(7(%#$(r"  $%( )'-(. A+"'-" )r(7(%#$(r"... H#9: %('$"r#$( 9"', 8"%" $" Ir#"/, /( ;" +'<%# "-# "'%" (r/( $" ! /#9(. @"%" $" Ir#"/ $"8#$ ;" ( )r"+'-" #(r# ;:' " "/ %r!'#/ #; ;:' " "/ '(%"'-" P"r( 7"-r( #%-(, -#' (rr9/" !r#$( 9#8( "-" #)"%-(, -"'" (-r( #)"%-( !# (rr9/" #' ' #)"%-( -#' ""%r#9/", ;" /# !#+'#%&' ")#'-#$# " )"r$" #/ '-"'-#r !"$-#r/(.


51

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52


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54


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55

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56


(r# $" "!)/"#r )#/#9r# (%(#, 7((-r( '( -"'$r# )#%"'%# )#r# "%%#r/#, ' *(, ;" !" "'-( 9#-#'-" <#-+#$(, -"'$r# -#!)(%( <"r3# ' !(r )#r# r"'r $%# #%#%('", * 7(/7"r # r"$%r/#  /# '#$# $"  ';$#$. T#!)(%( ( !(/"-#r: r")-"'$( #; /# )r"9# $" /# #9(/-# /"+#/$#$ $"/ #r9-r#r( )r(%"$"r $" C#<, "' "/ #%-( $" (9/+#r  @"=  <(r!/#r %('-r#  !!( /( ;" #9: -(!#$( )(r '# #%#%&' 9#-#'-" " #9/#$( *# $" "(, * %(' 9#-#'-" %/#r$#$ ( " )r(9#$( ;" "/ )('-<%" ' )($# ' $"9# #%"r /( ;" # "%( ;" 7((-r( '( )($# ' $"9# )"r!-r "/ '%#/<%#9/" )r(%"$"r $" C#<, * ;" 7"-r# "'-"'%# * 7"-r# #)#r"'-" rr-#%&', -#' /"+( %(!( #9: ($(  @"=, " %('-r# -($# /"*, # $( )r(<"r$# (//#'$( -($# /"*, * '( -"'"'$( "' %"'-# !# ;" /( '%( )r()&-( $" 7"'+#'3# ;" $"$%#$#!"'-" ( #'!#'. E-( -($( ( /( " )r(9#$( #-# /# #%"$#$ # ;:, )", #%"r!" $" '"7( %#r+( $" "//( L( $%( $%( "-, * )(r !# ;" '-"r#, ' 7((-r( 7#r#r# $" r"(/%&', ' /# '(%"'%# #)#r"%"r# !# (-"'9/" * %/#r#!"'-" #-r()"//#$# $" /( ;" # r"/-#$( #-# #;. V"'+#!(, )", #/ #'-(, * 7"#!(  "' Ir#"/ " '# 9/#<"!# #)"//$#r" 8( $" D(. N ( ;"r( "'-r#r #(r# "' "/ "-$( $"  "<"%-7#!"'-" @"= $" N#3#r"- " H8( & '( $"/ A/-!(, * '( ;"r( "'-r#r "' "-" "-$(, )(r;" *# (-r# 7"3 "!" (%)#$( $" "//( #'-" -($( 7((-r( r"'$(, * (-"'+( #(r# /( ;" "'-('%" $"<"'$ ;"r( (/( "-$#r %'-#!"'-", * )r(9#r# "' )(%# )#/#9r#, ;" %#'$( @"= # $%(  C#< ;" "r# H8( $" D(, C#< '( )($# -(!#r "!"8#'-" %(' -"-#%&' )(r '# 9/#<"!# C#< '( $"9# "%#'$#/3#r " %(!( # )r"-"'$$( $"!(-r#!(, * 7((-r(, )(r %('+"'-", '( )($# +r-#r >es reo de muerte? )(r;" '( #9# )r(<"r$( @"= ''+'# 9/#<"!#. @"%" ;" #9: )r"-"'$$( %('$"'#r  ' r#"/-# )(r '#

5

E/ (!9r" '( //#!# #%#( 8-#!"'-" P#$r" #/ ;" /( 3( $" /# '#$# S "-( " #, ;: 9/#<"!# #* "' //#!#r" 8( $" D( %#'$( "/ Cr#$(r " '"-r( P#$r". E' ;:, )" # 9/#<"!#$( @"=, %#'$( C#< #/ )r"+'-#r/" * %('8r#r/" )#r# ;" /" $8"r#  "r# H8( $" D( "/ A/-!(,? /" # %('-"-#$( >T# lo dices? P"r( #' #)#r-" $" "# )r"9# '%('-r(7"r-9/" $" ;" ! $"<"'$$( '( # )($$( 9/#<"!#r $#'$( "!"8#'-" %('-"-#%&', "-" "' '"-r( )"9/( (-r# ;" '( " !"'( %('(%$# ;" /# #'-"r(r 7((-r( #9: ;"  /( (!9r" $" '# r#r# %"'%#, $" '# r#r# 7r-$, %(!( /( " @"=, " /" //#!# "' Ir#"/ hijo de &ios, )#r# $#r )(r !"$( $" "-" ('r(( %#/<%#-7( ' -"-!('( rr"
5


%('%"'%#, ;" /# (r' ' )#r#r ' !(!"'-( $r#'-" -($( "/ -r#'%r( $" /# "-"r'$#$. T"r!'( *#. L# '(%"'%# $" @"= " #//# )/"'#!"'-" $"!(-r#$#, * /# #%#%('" ;" ( " $r+$( "-' "7$"'-"!"'-" )r(9#$# %r"( ;" " $#$( %!)/!"'-( # /# !&' ;" " r"%9$( "' /# -"rr# * *# '( !" !)(r-# !(rr. O8#/ ;" "-( %"$# #'-" ;" 7"# /# !#'( $" Ir#"/ -"$# "' /# '(%"'-" #'+r" $"  M"# H" $%(. A(r#  ;"r: #%"r!" r")('#9/" $" ! #"7"r#%('", !" #//#r" $)"-(  8"-#r!" +-((  7"-r( <#//( #)#('#$(. N( r"-r( ' '# )#/#9r# $" %#'-# " $%( $"<"'$"'$( /# 7"r$#$, /# '(%"'%# * /# 8-%#, 8'-( %(' "/ )(r7"'r * /# ('r# $" ! )#-r# 8'-( %(' "/ $"%(r( $"/ S#'"$r',  %*# #+('# !" )#r"%" ;" #-( "' "-" !(!"'-( ..24 L# 7(/#%('" ;" " %(!"-"r(' "' "/ )r(%"( $" Cr-( " ")r"#' %(' )r"%&' * %/#r$#$ "' "/ #/"+#-( $"<"'7( ;" -r#'%r9!( "#-7#!"'-", "/ %#/, #';" '( #*# -"'$( "-"'%# r"#/ "' /( -:r!'( * %(' /( +r( (r#-(r( ")"-( )(r N%($"!,  7"r&',
24 $a asión del edentor, -(!( 1I, )+. 221 a 253.


5

% V(/#%&' #/ principio de li!ertad deensiva, *# ;" # Cr-( '( " /" $& ()(r-'$#$ $" )r""'-#r -"-+( )#r#  $"<"'#. $ V(/#%&' #/ principio de rendición estricta de la prue!a testimonial % de análisis riguroso de las declaraciones de los testigos, )" /# #%#%&' " <'$& "' -"-+( <#/(. " @iolación al principio de proi!ición para ue nuevos testigos depusieran contra 'risto una ve0 cerrada la instrucción del procedimiento, *# ;" %(' )(-"r(r$#$ # /# $"? %/#r#%('" $" /( -"-+( <#/(, "/ S#'"$r' #$!-& '"7(. < @iolación al rincipio consistente en ue la votación condenatoria no se sujetó a revisión antes de la pronunciación de la sentencia. + V(/#%&' #/ )r'%)( $" presentar prue!as de descargo antes de la ejecución de la sentencia condenatoria, )"-( ;", '# 7"3 $%-#$#, " (!"-& # /# (!(/(+#%&' $"/ +(9"r'#$(r r(!#'( P('%( P/#-(.  V(/#%&' #/ )r'%)( $" ;" # /( testigos alsos $"9# #)/%r"/" /# !!# )"'# %(' ;" " %#-+#9# "/ $"/-( !#-"r# $"  $"%/#r#%('", -($# 7"3 ;" "/ S#'"$r' " #9-7( $" $"%r"-#r $%# #)/%#%&' # ;"'" $")"r(' %('-r# @"=. E "7$"'-" ;" /# 7(/#%('" #)'-#$# #<"%-#r(' "/ )r(%"( %('-r# Cr-( )(r vicios in procedendo " '7#/$#r(' /# "'-"'%# %('$"'#-(r# %(' /# ;" %/!'&, !!# ;" " )r(''%& )(r sesenta % cinco votos %('-r# seis votos a!solutorios, <+r#'$( "'-r" :-( /( $" N%($"! * @(: $" Ar!#-"#. E/ -"-( $" $%( <#//( /( %('%9" P#//: "' /( +"'-" -:r!'( E/ S#'"$r' $" Ir#"/, r"'$( /"+#/!"'-" # /# (!9r# $"/ S#'-#r(, )#r# "'-"'$"r "' /# %## $" @"= $" N#3#r"-, acusado de !lasemo % de acerse 5ijo del ltísimo, $"): $" #9"r '7(%#$( /# #-"'%# $"/

0


E-"r'( @-%"r(, <"r# $"/ %#/ " !)(9/" (9r#r "' 8-%# * )r(%"$"r r"%-#!"'-", %('$"'# )(r ""'-# * %'%( 7(-( %('-r# ", # muerte ignominiosa de cru0, # @"= $" N#3#r"-, # %*( <' " )('$r $"$" /"+( "' )($"r $"/ Pr"-(r $" R(!#, ;" " P('%( P/#-(, )#r# ;" $"): $" #9"r r"7#$( /# %##, "+=' "/ $"r"%( * /# /"*" $"/ !)"r(, !#'$" #)/%#r/" "/ %#-+( ;" "/ -r9'#/ $"/ )"9/( "%(+$(, ')r#$( )(r @"(7, # -"'$( # 9"' !)('"r/", "' 8-( %#-+( $"  9/#<"!# * $"  -r#-(r'#$(r# !)(-r#. P"r"3%# /# !"!(r# $"/ 9/#<"!( * /( 8( "-:r/" $"  /'#8" * )#r"'-"/#, !#/$+#' #  )#$r" "'  7"8"3, )#r# ;" D( 9(rr"  r#3# *  !"!(r# $" /# <#3 $" /# -"rr#. A!:' A!"'. E-# " /# "'-"'%# $"/ -r9'#/ )r"!( $" 8-%# $" /# '#%&' ;" $%-# %('-r# @"= $" N#3#r"-, r"( %('7%-( $" 9/#<"!# * %('<"( $" )r"$%#r" H8( $"/ A/-!(.25 D"/ -"-( -r#%r-( " '<"r" ;" Cr-( <" %('$"'#$( # /# !"r-" "' %r3 )(r "/ $"/-( r"/+(( $" !lasemia. A(r# 9"', "' "/ D"r"%( H"9r"( '( " %('-"!)/#9# /# crucii+ión %(!( )"'# $" !"r-", '( /# lapidación ;" %('-# "' "/ apedreamiento del condenado. P(r %('+"'-", "/ S#'"$r' #)/%& # @"= '# )"'# '( )r"7-# "' /# /"* 8$#. L# %r%<&' "r# '# #'%&' ;" " )r"7& "' "/ D"r"%( R(!#'( )#r# %#-+#r /( $"/-( ! +r#7", -#/" %(!( /# )r#-"r#, /# "$%&' * /# r"9"/&', "' /( ;" "/ E-#$( "r# /# )#r-" (<"'$$#. D%# )"'# '( " #)/%#9# # /( %$#$#'( r(!#'( * !%( !"'( r")"%-( $" $"/-( r"/+((. P(r %('+"'-", "/ !"'%('#$( -r9'#/ %(!"-&

25 op. cit. T(!( ', )+. F * F.


61

$( '+"'-" <#/-# in judicando6 %('$"'#r # Cr-( # /# !"r-" "' %r3 ' -"'"r %(!)"-"'%# )#r# $"%r"-#r/# %('<(r!" #/ D"r"%( H"9r"(, * (r$"'#r/# )#r# ' $"/-( r"/+((, /# 9/#<"!#, ;" '( "-# "' "/ D"r"%( R(!#'(. P(r "//(, /( !"!9r( $"/ S#'"$r', )#r# ;" P('%( P/#-( (!(/(+#r# /# %('$"'# $" !"r-" "' %r3, #%#r(' #/ S#/7#$(r $"/ $"/-( $" "$%&', "+=' /( %(!"'-#r"!( "' "/ %#)-/( +"'-".

CAPJTULO CUARTO

.

EL PROCESO DE CRISTO ANTE P/LATO /. OBSERVACIÓN PREVIA

E' (%#&' #'-"r(r r"%(r$#!( ;" -($# "'-"'%# ;" !)"" /# )"'# $" !"r-", )r(''%#$# )(r /( -r9'#/" $" /# )r(7'%# r(!#'#, $"9# "r (!(/(+#$# )(r "/ +(9"r'#$(r r")"%-7(, ;"', $"): $" #'#/3#r "/ %#( <#//#$(, )($# o '( (r$"'#r  "8"%%&'. O97#!"'-", $%# %('$%&' ()"r& r")"%-( $" /# %('$"'# $" Cr-( $"%r"-#$# )(r "/ S#'"$r'. A,  !"!9r( ;" )(r #!)/!# !#*(r# /# 7(-#r(' #%$"r(' #'-" /# '-#'%# $" P/#-(, +(9"r'#$(r $" @$"#, )#r# o!tener "/ "";#-r $"  r"(/%&'. E-" )"r('#8" <'+& %(' $%( %#r%-"r $r#'-" ' )"r($( $" $"3 #(, " $"%r $"$" "/ #( 2 #-# "/ #( F $" '"-r# "r#. S '(!9r#!"'-( )r(7'( $" TIBERIO, "!)"r#$(r o %"#r $" R(!#. 6"r$'#'$ Pr#-, "'  "!'"'-" (9r# Q@"%r-(, #%" '# "!9/#'3# $" P/#-(, ")/%#-7# $"  )r(%"$"r "' "/ //#!#$( Q@%( )(/-%( # Cr-(. E-!#!( )"r-'"'-" %-#r, "' /( -(%#'-" # "-" )'-(, /# ()'&' $" -#' #<#!#$( #-(r. "&e ue ilato "r# !rutal % terco, '( convendría concluir ue esta!a dotado $" '# verdadera energía. $os caracteres mas violentos son # veces los mas tímidos. ectan !rutalidad para $mular la alta $" carácter % se esuer0an por inspirar # los otros el terror ue ellos mismos e+perimentan. &os ecos pintan al 63



4 vivo a

este personaje. Cuando Pilatos tomó posesión de su gobierno, discurrió, con el objeto de domeñar de una vez por todas a los judos, cuya obstinación le era muy conocida, introducir de noche a Jerusal!n las insignias militares adornadas con im"genes y emblemas idol"tricos. #os judos le suplicaron $ue las retirara y durante seis das presentaron sus pechos desnudos a los soldados enviados para hacer una matanza. %bligado Pilato a ceder, comprendió con $u! clase de hombres se las haba. &n otra ocasión, habiendo hecho suspender en lo alto del palacio de 'erodes algunos escudos dorados, sin ninguna e(igie, sino sola mente con el nombre del cesar reinante, lo reprendió severamente iberio, por $uejas de los judos, y le ordenó $ue respetara las costumbres nacionales de sus súbditos, como lo haban hecho sus predecesores. *urtió e(ecto la lección. &l, ante $uien temblaba todo mundo, temblaba a su vez ante el solitario de Caprea y el miedo a una denuncia ante iberio (ue lo $ue le arrancó la condenación de Jesús .2

P/#-( %"/"9r& !#-r!('( %(' PRÓCULA, ;"' "r# "%/#7# $" /# <#!/# r(!#'# $"'(!'#$# CLAUDIA, ;" /# #$()-& $"): $" #9"r/" $#$(  /9"r-#$. Er# %(-!9r" "' R(!# ;" ' "%/#7( !#'!-$( #'-")"" #  '(!9r" "/ $"  #!(, )(r /( ;", "' /# -(r#, # /# ")(# $"/ !"'%('#$( +(9"r'#$(r $" @$"#, " /" %('(%" %(!( CLAUDIA?PRÓCULA. P#r"%"r# "-r#( * #-# !)"r-'"'-" "' "-# !('(+r#<# #%"r #/&' # "//#. S' "!9#r+(,  '-"r7"'%&' $%r"-# "' "/ )r(%"( )(/-%( $"/ S#/7#$(r <" !* !)(r-#'-", )" '
5

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II. ARGUCIAS PARA SALVAR A CRISTO # E' /# )r!"r# %(!)#r"%"'%# #'-" P/#-(, :-" (!"-& # @"= #/ +"'-" '-"rr(+#-(r( ilato

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T(!( ', )+. FF.

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CAPJTULO UINTO

LA CRUCI6IXIÓN Y EL DESTINO DE P/LATO /. LA MUERTE EN CRU

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IGNACIO BURGOA ORIHUE/A

"'-r"+#r/" # /# !"r-" P" 9"-" ;", # %(!( -= /"


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

IGNACIO BURGOA ORIHUE/A

"'-r"+#r/" # /# !"r-" P" 9"-" ;", # %(!( -= /" %('$"'#-" '8-#!"'-" * /" !#'$#-" !#-#r, $" /# !!# !#'"r# *( -" 7#*# #8-%#r # - %(' -($( $"r"%( * '( &/( # -, '( -#!9:' # -($( - %('"8"r( * %&!)/%", $" ;"'" r"%9-" "/ (9(r'( $" /# !"r-".F Sr+" /# $$# $"  /# ")-(/# -r#'%r-# (' ( '( #-:'-%#. S r")r($%-(r, "/ $(%-(r S#'-( O-"r(, %(' +r#' "%r)/($#$ #%#$:!%#, /( )9/%& "'  %-#$# (9r#, '( ' '$%#r /# <"'-" $" ;" )r(%"$"'. N#$" "- #-(r3#$( )#r# r"%#3#r  /"+-!$#$. E ! <%/ '"+#r ;" #<r!#r. S "-# r"
F op. cit., )+. 42 # 45.

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40 O9r# +r#'$(# * !('!"'-#/ ;" %(!)r"'$" /# -r#$=%%&' #/ /#-' "%# )(r 9an Jerónimo "' "/ +/( IV $" '"-r# "r#, $" /( -"-( ;" #9#r%# "/ A'-+( T"-#!"'-(. 41 C#). VII?14 * C#). IX?5. 42 Idem, C#). XI?2, F * 4 ;" " -r#'%r9"' 2. Y r")(#r (9r" :/ "/ ")r- $"/ S"(r ")r- $" #9$r#, * $" "'-"'$!"'-(, ")r- $" %('"8(, * $" <(r-#/"3#, ")r- $" %"'%#, * $" )"$#$ F. Y /" //"'#r "/ ")r- $"/ -"!(r $"/ S"(r '( 83+#r "+=' 7-# $" (8(, ' #r+>r )(r ($# $" (r"8# 4. S'( ;" 83+#r  /( )(9r" %(' 8-%#, * r")r"'$"r %(' ";$#$ "' $" <"'# $" /( !#'( $" /# -"rr# * "rr  /# -"rr# %(' /# 7#r# $"  9(%#, * %(' "/ ")r- $"  /#9( !#-#r #/ !)(. 

0


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4F V:#" C#). "+'$( $" "-# !('(+r#<#.

RE6LEXIONES 6INALES

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L( "%( * /( )"r('#8" ;" %('7"r+"' "' "/ Pr(%"( $" Cr-(, -#'-( #'-" "/ S#'"$r' %(!( #'-" P/#-(, " "'%"'-r#' '"r-( "' /( 'uatro 2vangelios. P(r %('+"'-", %(!( !)/" r"<"r"'%# # "//(, "#/#r"!( /( %#)-/( * #)#r-#$( 7'%/#$( #/ -"!# %"'-r#/ $" "-# !('(+r#<#, "' /( -:r!'( +"'-" Q

1arcos C#). C#).

XIV XV

A)#r-#$( A)#r- #$(

55 # 4. 1, 2, F, 4, 5, , 11, 12, 1F, 14, 1, 1, 1, 1, 20, F4 Y F.

$ucas

C#).

XXII

A)#r-#$(

F # 5, ,  # 1.

C#).

XXIII A)#r-#$(

1, 2 , F, 4, , 10, 11, 12, 1F, 1, 20 # 24, 2 # F0.

1aleo

C#).

XXVII A)#r-#$(

1 # 20,21, 22 # 25,F # 50.

Juan

C#).

XVIII A)#r-#$(

F1,F, F, F, 1F, 14, 15 Y 1.

L# %$#$(# /"%-r# $" %#$# '# $" /# #<r!#%('" $" /( %#-r( "7#'+"/-# # $( /# )r'%)#/ <"'-" $" %('/-# ;" '( # )"r!-$( /# "-r%-r#%&' $" /( %#)-/( $"/ )r""'-" ()=%/( %('%"r'"'-" # /# $( "-#)# "' ;" " $""'7(/7& "/ )r(%"( $" @"=, '$")"'$"'-"!"'-" $" /# 99/(+r#<# #-(r#/ ;" "!( '7(%#$( * $" /# )r"%r)%('" $"/ A'-+( T"-#!"'-( ;" '( #' "r7$( $" +# "' "-# "!)r"# !('( +r<%# )#r# #)(*#r '"-r# %('$"r#%('". 83

El Proceso de Cristo.pdf

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