Estimates Rough Estimate (m 3 / m2) (Based on plinth area basis) 1.
Earth work:
300 Class loading Single bay Two bay 0.1 + (22.2 nD/q) 0.1 +( 18.9 nD/q) Where n = No. of floors D = Depth in meters q = SBC in KN/m2
2.
Bric rick wo work fo for fo foundati ation an and ba basemen ment : 3 2 Q=m /m Span 4.0 m 5.0 m 6.0 m 7.0 m
3.
500 class loading Single bay Two bay 0.1 +( 24.8 nD/q) 0.1 +( 21.5 nD/q)
Single bay 0.17 0.16 0.14 0.13
Two bay 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.11
Brick wall for superstructure: Load Load beari bearing ng = 0.40 0.40 to 0.45 0.45 m3 / m2
4.
DPC : Framed structure Load bearing
5.
Centering:
= =
0.1 m2 / m2 0.23 m2 / m2
m 2 / m2
Grade beam= beam= 0.35 < 0.40 < 0.45 0.45 m2 / m2 Slab, beam etc Span Single bay Two bay 4.0 m 1.57 1.49 5.0 m 1.51 1.45 6.0 m 1.47 1.42
6.
RCC for isolated footing RCC / m 2
=
Total quantity =
7.
X for LL X A0 where A0 = Cumulative ultimate floor area in m 2
3.0 KN/m
2
5.0 KN/m
2
SBC in KN/m2
Single bay
Two bay
Single bay
Two bay
50
0.216
0.188
0.245
0.215
75
0.137
0.119
0.155
0.137
100
0.089
0.077
0.100
0.088
120
0.071
0.062
0.080
0.071
150
0.055
0.048
0.062
0.055
200
0.041
0.036
0.046
0.041
220
0.035
0.0305
0.040
0.0354
250
0.030
0.026
0.0335
0.030
300
0.026
0.023
0.029
0.026
400
0.016
0.014
0.0185
0.0165
RCC for grade beam: 2
Quantity / m = y Single bay = 0.05 Two bay = 0.04 Total requirement = y A g where Ag = area of G.F .
8. RCC RCC for for supe superst rstruc ructu ture: re: RCC quantity = z for LL 2 RCC/Floor = z A f where Af = Area of floor in m Quantity = z for LL Description RCC floor
2
2
3.0 KN/m Single bay Two bay 3
2
0.21 m / m
3
0.19 m / m
5.0 KN/m Single bay Two bay 2
3
2
0.22 m per m
3
0.20 m per m
2
Note: 1. 2. a. b. c. d. e. f.
This This is incl inclus usiv ive e of of sta stair irca case se and and dis disco cont ntinu inuou ous s sun sunsh shad ade e but but excl exclus usiv ive e of items (2) below. Include th the fo following, ifif pr present: For slab slab thick thicknes ness s > 100 100 mm mm add add extra extra quanti quantity ty per per m 2 over 0.1m3 For floo floorr system systems s with with primar primary y and seco seconda ndary ry beams beams add add + 0.02 0.02 m 3 / m2 For For cano canopy py in G.F, G.F, add add 0.01 0.01 m 3 / m2 For For drop drops s up to 1.20 1.20 m, add add 0.01 0.01 m 3 / m2 For Continuous Continuous sunshade sunshade of of 0.60 0.60 to 0.75 m alround alround the building, building, add 0.15 m 3 / m2 For For sunsun- brea breake kers rs up to 0.6 0.6 m, add add 0.01 0.01 m 3 / m2
Steel for slab, beam & column (item wise) Live load 3 KN/m2 Single bay Two bay
Description
i. Slab ii. Beams iii. Columns iv. Staircase,sunshade etc. a. Qty / m3 with primary beams b. Qty Qty with with prim primar ary y and and secondary beams Steel required for columns reinforcement / m 3 with primary beam 400 300 225 with secondary beam 400 300 200
0.100 0.065 0.045 0.010
0.100 0.055 0.035 0.010
0.10 0.07 0.05 0.01
0.10 0.06 0.04 0.01
45 41 37
38 35 32
48 43 39
42 38 35
50 46 42
43 40 37
53 48 44
47 43 40
9. Plaster Plastering ing in CM CM 1:5 1:5 – 12 12 mm thick thick:: 2.3 to 2.6 m 2 / m2 of plinth area
10.
Finishing th the RC RCC :: 2.4 m2 / m2
5 KN/m2 Single bay Two bay
(10mm thick)
11. White washing: 4.7 to 5.0 m 2 / m2
12.
Wood scantling:
Doors D Windows W Vent Ventiilato lators rs V
= = =
0.018 m3 / m2 of shutter area 0.019 m3 to 0.025 / m 2 of shutter area 0.02 0.02 m3 / m2 of shutter area
Based on thumb rule Wood required for door Wood required for glazed window with ventilator
= 1 {Door area in m2 } 10 2 = 1 {window area in m2} 12 2
Steel requirement / m 2 on Plinth area basis S.No. 1 2
Type of Building
Load bearing
Framed structure
Residential Buildings
25 to 30 Kg
35 to 40 Kg
Public Buildings
30 to 35 Kg
40 to 50 Kg
Foundation & Basement Framed Structure (GF+ 3 Floors) S.No.
Type of Building
Steel Qty. in Kg / m 2
1
Residential Flats (Multi storey )
5 Kg / m2
Office Building 2
3
(a) Load Bearing (b) Framed Commercial Buildings such as Bus Stand, Restaurants etc.
4 Kg / m2 6..5 Kg / m2
7.5 Kg / m 2
Approximate Quantity of steel requirement (General) S.No. 1 2
3
Description Footings Cast in situ Piles
Qty. of Steel in Kg / m 3 50 to 65 30 to 50
Plinth Beam
4
Lintel
5
Column
6
Beam
7
Slab
8
Stairs
Estimation of Quantity of Reinforcement
70 to 100
100 to 130 100 to 200 150 to 200 60 to 75 90 to 120
For rough calculation of reinforcement steel in construction Projects following thumb rule may be adopted: (i)
Slab
80 Kg / m3
(ii) Beam
110 Kg / m3
(iii) Column
160 Kg / m3
(iv) Footing slab
80 Kg / m3
Reinforcement Based on % of Steel
Reinforcement %( of c.s. of concrete) 0.5 % 1.0 % 1.50% 2.0 % 2.5 % 3.0 % 3.5 % 4.0 % 4.5 % 5.0 %
Quantity of Steel in Kg / m 3 39 78 117 158 196 235 274 313 352 392
Note: 20 % should be added in these values to take in to account laps, bends, wastage etc., while computing Kg / m 3.
Preliminary Estimation for reinforcement for Building Works
Sl.No.
Member
Qty. in Kg/m3
1
Column footings
75
2
Grade beams
100
3
Plinth beams
125
4
Columns
225
5
Lintel Beam
125
6
Sunshades
60
7
Canopy slab up to 2.0 m span
125
8
Staircase waist slab
150
9
Roof slab
Size of steel required 10mm or 12mm 12, 16mm 85% Stirrups 6mm or 6mm 15% 8mm Dia 85%, Stirrups 6mm 15% 16,20, 25 mm 90% Ties 6 mm or 8 mm 10% 12, 16mm Dia 85% Stirrups 8mm or 6mm 15% 8mm Dia 75% Distributor 6 mm 25% 10mm dia 80% Distributor 8mm or 6 mm 20% 12 or 16mm dia 85% Distributor 8mm dia 15% 8mm dia 70% Distributor 6mm 30%
(a)
One way
80
(b)
Two way
100
8mm dia
(c)
Square slab 4 to 6m size
150
10
Main beams above 6m
250
10 - 12mm dia 100% 20, 16, 12 mm 80% to 85%, Stirrups 8mm 15 to 20%
Note : All rods mentioned above are RTS except 6mm Φ rods
100%
CEMENT Cement requirement / m 2 on Plinth area basis S.No. 1 2 3 4 5
Type of Building Residential buildings Public buildings Residential Flats ( Multi storey) Office building Commercial buildings such as Bus Stand, Restaurants etc.
Load bearing 5 to 6 Bags 4 to 5 Bags ---2.4 to 3.0 Bags -----
Framed Structure 5 to 7 Bags 6 to 8 Bags 3.2 to 4.0 Bags 5 Bags 4.5 Bags
For Foundation & Basement of Framed Structure (up to 4 Storeyed ) alone
S.No. 1 2 3
Type of Building Residential Flats Office building Commercial building
Load bearing ---0.36 Bags / m2 ----
Framed Structure 0.4 Bags / m2 0.5 Bags / m 2 0.45 Bags / m2
Minimum Cement content required for various Grade of Concrete S.No.
1 2 (i) 3 (i) 4 5 (i) (ii) 6
Grade of Concrete
M15 M20 M20 (below G.L) M20 (above G.L) M25 M25 (for Piles) M25 (for other structures) M30 M35 M35 (for Piles) M35 (for other structures) M40
Cement content in Kg / m3 of concrete As per As per TCE IS 456 285 --300 360 315 300 400 365 415 320 340 525 475 535 360
Max. W/c ratio
0.55
0.50
0.45 0.45
0.40
Note:As per IS 456 – 2000 Maximum cement content should not exceed 450 Kg / m 3 for the cement mortar to ensure that heat of hydration and shrinkage cracking are prevented.
Mix Proportion (Approximate) 1 Litre = 1000 cm 3 35 litre = 400 x 350 x 250 mm Mix Proportion M25 (1:1:2) M20 (1:1.5:3) 1:1⅔ : 3⅓ 1: 2: 3 M15 (1:2:4) 1: 2½ : 5 M10 (1:3:6) M5 (1:5:10) M7.5 (1:4:8)
Cement (Kg)
Sand (Litre)
50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
35 52.5 58.4 70 70 87.5 105
CA (Litre) 70 105 116.8 105 140 175 210
Note: Proportion of fine aggregate to coarse aggregate by volume generally 1:2 subject to an upper limit to 1:1½ and a lower limit of 1: 2½. 2. As a general guidance it may be noted that an average grading of fine aggregate, the proportions shall be 1:1½ , 1:2 and 1:2½ for maximum size of coarse aggregate 10 mm, 20 mm and 40 mm respectively. 3. Water proofing proofing compound compound at the the rate rate of 2% by weight weight of cement cement is is used. used. The The approximate quantity of water proofing compound to be mixed for various concretes, mortars is as follows: 1 m3 of cement concrete 1:1:2 =10.5 Kg 1 m3 of cement concrete 1:1½ :3 = 8 Kg 1 m3 of cement cement concrete 1::2 :4 = 6.2 6.2 Kg Kg 2 100 m of 12 mm thick plastering in CM 1:3 = 15 Kg plastering in CM 1:4 = 12 Kg 1.
Brick Masonry Wall (IS 1905 – 1987) Brick’s strength Below 5 N / mm 2 Above 5 N / mm 2 Below 7.5 N / mm 2 Above 7.5 N / mm 2 Below 15 N / mm 2
Type of bricks
Mix
Country bricks (Third Class) Chamber bricks (Second Class) Wire cut bricks (First Class) First Class (Metric / Wire cut bricks)
Type
1:6
M2
1:5
M1
1:5
M1
1:3
Panel walls, Partition walls & Compound walls Brick Panels / Partition wall (11.5 cm Thick)
Load bearing walls : Maximum slenderness ratio
CM 1 : 6
(Country bricks)
CM 1 : 5
(Second class / First class)
27
Tests for Bricks Water absortion > 20% for First Class bricks > 22% for Second Class bricks >25% for Third Third Class bricks Crushing Strength 105 Kg / cm 2 - First Class bricks 70 Kg / cm2 - Second Class bricks 35 Kg / cm 2 - Third Class bricks More than 140 Kg / cm 2 - Class AA brick 450 – 500 Kg / cm2 - Heavy Duty machine bricks.
Slopes in Floor finish Type of floor Toil Toilet et,, catt cattle le shed shed,, Pave Paveme ment nt Bath room, Verandah, Kitchen, Dry yard Dining halls Mosaic floor general halls Pressed tiles over roof
slope 1 in 60 1 in 100 1 in 200 1 in 350 1 in 50
COST OF BUILDING (GENERAL) 1. Cost of foundation & Plinth (Up to G.L. 13% From G.L. to Plinth & DPC 5%) 2. Cost of Brick work from Plinth to Roof 3. Cost of RCC works except roofing 4. Cost of flooring ( RCC roof 15% Lime terracing 5%)
18%
23% 6% 20%
5. Cost of Flooring 6. Cost of Doors & Windows 7. Cost of Plastering & finishing
6% 20% 7%
Note: The cost excludes Water supply, Sanitary & Electrification.
COST OF MATERIALS & LABOUR FOR BUILDING WORK Materials Brick Sand C.A. Cement Timber in scantling Steel Total Overall
% 16 4 4.5 19 9.5 23.5 76.5
Labour Mason Carpenter Mazdoor
23.5 100%
SINGLE STOREY COST Component Plinth Superstructure Flooring Roofing (Flat) Wood work Miscellaneous Total
% 8 3.5 12
% 18 27 8 20 17 10 100
ORDINARY BUILDINGS Materials Cement Steel Timber Other Materials Total
% 13 10 12 25 60
Labour Excavation Masons Carpenter Black smith Total
% 1 25 12 2 40
MANPOWER & MATERIALS REQUIREMENTS IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS Material Bricks (100 Nos.) Cement (Tonnes) Steel (Kg) Sand (m3)
Coarse aggregate (m3) (i) 20 mm & down (ii) 40 mm & down
Timber (m3) (i) Frames & shutters (ii) Shuttering Lime (quintal) Surkhi (m3) Bitumen (Kg) Glass (m2) Primar (litre) Paint (litre)
Single St Storey 2.26 A+66.8 0.153A+0.57 21.3A-314 0.47A-7
Double Storey 2.15A+63 0.145A+0.54 21.97A305 0.376A-5.6
Four Storey (R.C.C. Framed) 2.56A-0.0096A2-26.2 0.2024A-0.364 102.46A-0.401A2-1662 0.361A-0.38
0.178A-0.21 0.176A-0.21
0.145A+1.5
0.145A-0.35
0.295A-0.75
0.075A+0.78
0.45+0.002A+0.0001A2
0.073A-0.17
0.063A-0.08
