GABAY SA PAGBABANGHAY NG IBA’T-IBANG ASPEKTO NG PANDIWA PARA SA FILIPINO 6
(A Guide to Conjugating the Different Verb Tenses for Filipino 6) Nigel Glenn N. Javier The Verb tense in Filipino can be determined if you understand the conjugation of the verb or the changes in the infinitive form of the verb based on the affix that is used in each tense. The Infinitive form is the combination of the root word and the affix. Here are the ways of conjugating a verb in Filipino. 1. Verbs with the prefix or infix um (umum (um- ; -um-) Verbs with the prefix or infix um retain um retain the infinitive form of the verb in forming the past tense (aspektong ( aspektong perpektibo ). ). The um is um is retained and the first syllable of the root word is repeated in forming the present tense ( aspektong imperpektibo ). ). In forming the future tense (aspektong ( aspektong kontemplatibo ), ), the um is um is dropped and the first syllable of the root word is repeated. Examples: Pawatas (Infinitive form) umalis
alis
umalis
umaalis
aalis
umiyak
iyak
umiyak
umiiyak
iiyak
b u mi l i
bili
bumili
bumibili
bibil i
lakad
lumakad
lumalakad
lalakad
lumakad 2.
Verbs with prefixes ma- , mag- , and mang- (mamang- (ma- ; mag- ; mang-) Verbs with the prefix ma- , mag- and mag- and mang- become mang- become na- , nag- , and nang- in nang- in the past tense. Na- , nag- , and nang- are nang- are retained and the first syllable of the root word is repeated in forming the present tense. In the future tense, ma- , mag- , and mang- are mang- are retained and the first syllable of the root word is repeated. Examples:
Pawatas (Infinitive form)
Rootword Perp erpek ekttibo Imperpek ekttibo Kontemp emplatibo
matuwa
tuwa
natuwa
natutuwa
matutuwa
mag-aral
aral
nag-aral
nag-aaral
mag-aaral
tulong
nagtulungan nagtutulungan
magtutulungan
irap
nang-irap
mang-iirap
magtulungan mang-irap 3.
Rootword Per Perpek ekttibo Imperpe rpektibo Kontemplatibo
nang-iirap
Verbs with the prefix i- (i-) i- (i-) The infix –in– is –in– is added to the root word of verbs with the prefix i- in i- in the past tense. If the root word begins with l , however, ni is ni is added between the prefix i- and the root word. In forming the present tense of the verb, the first syllable of
the root word is repeated and the prefix is retained. In forming the future tense of the verb, the in- is dropped and the first syllable is repeated. Examples: Pawatas (Infinitive form) isulat
sulat
isinulat
isinusulat
isusulat
ikabit
kabit
ikinabit
ikinakabit
ikakabit
ilagay
lagay
inilagay
inilalagay
ilalagay
luto
iniluto
iniluluto
iluluto
iluto 4.
Verbs with the prefix ipa- and ipag- (ipa- ; ipag-) In forming the past tense of verbs with the prefix ipa- and ipag- , the infix –in– is placed between ip and a for ipa- and between ip and ag for ipag- . In forming the present tense, the first syllable of the root word is repeated and the prefix in the past tense is retained. In forming the present tense, ipa- and ipag- are used and the first syllable of the root word is repeated. Examples:
Pawatas (Infinitive form)
5.
Rootword Perpektibo Imperpektibo Kontemplatibo
Rootword Perpektibo Imperpektibo Kontemplatibo
ipasulat
sulat
ipinasulat
ipinasusulat
ipasusulat
ipakabit
kabit
ipinakabit
ipinakakabit
ipakakabit
ipaghele
hele
ipinaghele
ipinaghehele
ipaghehele
ipagbili
bili
ipinagbili
ipinagbibili
ipagbibili
Verbs with the suffixes –in and –hin (-in ; -hin) In forming the past tense of verbs with the suffixes –in and –hin , the infix –in– is added to the root word. If the root word begins with l , ni is prefixed to the root word. If the root word begins with a vowel sound, in is prefixed to the root word. In forming the present tense, the same affix used in the past is used and the first syllable of the root word is repeated. In forming the future tense, the first syllable of the root word is repeated and the suffixes –in and –hin are retained. Examples:
Pawatas (Infinitive form)
Rootword Perpektibo Imperpektibo Kontemplatibo
batiin
bati
binati
binabati
babatiin
awitin
awit
inawit
inaawit
aawitin
linisin
linis
nilinis
nililinis
lilinisin
burahin apihin 6.
binubura
buburahin
api
inapi
inaapi
aapihin
Rootword Perpektibo Imperpektibo Kontemplatibo
tapakan
tapak
tinapakan
tinatapakan
tatapakan
lapitan
lapit
nilapitan
nilalapitan
lalapitan
unahan
una
inunahan
inuunahan
uunahan
sama
sinamahan
sinasamahan
sasamahan
samahan
Verbs with the prefix pa– and suffixes –in and –hin (pa-,-in ; pa-,-hin) In forming the past tense of verbs with the affixes, in is infixed between p and a , and the suffixes -in and -hin are dropped from the root word. In forming the present tense, the first syllable of the root word is repeated and the affixes used in forming the past tense are retained. In forming the future tense, the first syllable of the root word is repeated and the affixes pa-,-in and pa-,-hin are used. Examples:
Pawatas (Infinitive form)
8.
binura
Verbs with the suffixes –an and –han (-an ; -han) In forming the past tense of verbs with the suffixes –an and –han , in is infixed to the root word. If the root word begins with a vowel sound, in is prefixed to the root word. If the root word begins with l , ni is prefixed to the root word. In forming the present tense, the first syllable of the root word is repeated and the same affix used in forming the past tense is retained. In forming the future tense, the first syllable of the root word is repeated and the suffixes –an and – han are used. Examples:
Pawatas (Infinitive form)
7.
bura
Rootword Perpektibo Imperpektibo Kontemplatibo
palipasin
lipas
pinalipas
pinalilipas
palilipasin
pauwiin
uwi
pinauwi
pinauuwi
pauuwiin
pakantahin
kanta
pinakanta
pinakakanta
pakakantahin
patakbuhin
takbo
pinatakbo
pinatatakbo
patatakbuhin
Verbs with the prefix pa– and suffix –an and –han (pa-,-an ; pa-,-han) In forming the past tense of verbs with the affixes, in is infixed between p and a , and but the suffixes -an and -han are not dropped from the root word. In forming the present tense, the first syllable of the root word is repeated and the affixes used in forming the past tense are retained. In forming the future tense, the first syllable of the root word is repeated and the affixes pa-,-an and pa-,- han are used.
Examples: Pawatas (Infinitive form)
Rootword Perpektibo
Imperpektibo Kontemplatibo
paliguan
ligo
pinaliguan
pinaliliguan
paliliguan
papalitan
palit
pinapalitan
pinapapalitan
papapalitan
pasabihan
sabi
pinasabihan
pinasasabihan
pasasabihan
sama
pinasamahan pinasasamahan
pasamahan
pasasamahan
