LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM BIOTEKNOLOGI FARMASI PERANCANGAN PRIMER GEN HSF
Oleh : ALFIATUR ROHMAH 142210101049
BAGIAN BIOLOGI FARMASI FAKULTAS FAKULTAS FARMASI UNIVERSITAS JEMBER 2016
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AFTAR ISI
COVER...................................... COVER............................................................. .............................................. .............................................. .........................................1 ..................1 DAFTAR DAFTAR ISI........................................... ISI.................................................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................2 ......2 BAB I PENDAHULUAN............................ PENDAHULUAN................................................... ..................................................................... .............................................. 3 1.1
Latar Belakang... Belakang........ .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ............... ............3 ..3
1.2
Ruu!an Ruu!an "a!ala#..... "a!ala#.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ............ ...........$ ...$
1.3
Tu%uan Tu%uan Prakt&ku..... Prakt&ku.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ........... ......$ $
BAB II TIN'AUAN PUSTA(A.................... PUSTA(A........................................... .................................................................. ........................................... .) BAB III "ETODE (ER'A........................................................ (ER'A............................................................................... .......................................* ................* 3.1
Alat +ang ,&gunakan. ,&gunakan...... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .............. .................. ...........* ..*
3.2
Cara ker%a..... ker%a.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ............. .............* .....*
BAB IV HASIL DAN PE"BAHASAN.......... PE"BAHASAN................................. .............................................. ........................................1.................1$.1
Pengert&an Pengert&an Pr&er..... Pr&er.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .............. ................... ...................1.........1-
$.2
en HSF...... HSF........... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......11 ..11
$.3
Per!+aratan Per!+aratan Pr&er +ang Ba&k....... Ba&k............ .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ........12 ....12
$.$ Pr&er ,ar& gen HSF ter#a,a/ #ae0/#&lu! &nluene....................... &nluene.......................................13 ................13 BAB V (ESI"PULAN DAN SARAN...................................... SARAN............................................................. ..................................1 ...........1 ).1
(e!&/ulan. (e!&/ulan...... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .............. ..................1 .........1
).2
Saran..... Saran.......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .............. ................... ...............1 .....1
DAFTAR DAFTAR PUSTA(A................ PUSTA(A....................................... .............................................. .............................................................. ....................................... .1* LA"PIRAN............................................................................................................... .............. 14
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BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 LAT LATAR BELA(AN BELA(AN P0l+ P0l+e era! ra!ee C#a&n C#a&n Rea Reat&0 t&0n n 5PCR 5PCR66 eru eru/a /aka kan n tekn tekn&k &k 7&0l 7&0l0g 0g&& 0le 0leku kule lerr +ang +ang e&l&k& t&ngkat !en!&t&8&ta! ,an !/e!&&!&ta! +ang t&ngg&. Dengan /enggunaan tekn&k PCR aka ke7era,aan /en+ak&t /a,a 0rgan&!e ,a/at ,&keta#u& !e,&n& ungk&n9 !e#&ngga ,a/at ,a/at ,&laku ,&lakukan kan langka langka# # /engen /engen,al& ,al&an an /en+ak /en+ak&t &t atau t&n,ak t&n,akan an 0le# 0le# /ara /ara /enga /enga7&l 7&l ke7&%akan9 terutaa ,ala 7u,&,a+a /er&kanan 5Ra,%& 2-1-6. Pa,a /r0!e! PCR ter,a/at 7e7era/a !&klu! +a&tu ,enatura!&9 anneal&ng9 ,an ek!ten!&. Denatura!& eru/akan /r0!e! /eana!an ,engan enggunakan !u#u 4-:4);C ,engan tu%uan untuk e&!a#kan unta& gan, gan,aa /a,a /a,a DNA DNA !e#&n !e#&ngg ggaa en% en%a, a,&& ,ua ,ua unta& unta& tung tungga gall +ang +ang akan akan en%a en%a,& ,& te/a te/att ene/eln+a ene/eln+a /r&er. Selan%utn+a Selan%utn+a ta#a/ anneal&ng +a&tu /r0!e! /r0!e! /enurunan /enurunan !u#u !a/a& ena/ ena/a& a& $):)-; $):)-;C9 C9 /enuru /enurunan nan !u#u !u#u &n& ,&laku ,&lakukan kan agar agar /r&er /r&er 7er/a!a 7er/a!anga ngan n ,engan ,engan !ekuen k0/leentern+a atau ter%a,&n+a /ene/elan antara 0l&g0nukle0t&,a ,engan uta! tunggal tunggal DNA. Lalu ta#a/ !elan%utn+a !elan%utn+a ek!ten!& ek!ten!& /a,a ta#a/ &n& ,&lakukan kena&kkan kena&kkan !u#u !a/a& 2;C9 ,engan !u#u ter!e7ut en<& Ta= DNA 5 Thermus Aquaticus6 Aquaticus6 ,a/at 7eker%a ,engan 0/t&u9 /a,a ta#a/ &n& ter%a,& /ean%angan /r&er en%a,& !uatu uta! DNA 7aru 0le# en<& DNA /0l&era!e. Peng Penggu guna naan an PCR PCR !e7a !e7aga ga&& et0 et0,e ,e ,ete ,etek! k!&& +ang ang e/a e/att ,an ,an akur akurat at /un /un tela tela# # 7erke7ang /e!at9 !e#&ngga eungk&nkan /enge7angan et0,e +ang le7 !/e!&&k. Er>ant0 et al . 52-126 enggunakan RFLP:PCR untuk elakukan ,etek!& ke#alalan /a,a 7ak!09 !e,angkan Al&ra Pr&a!ar& 52-116 eanaatkan ult&/le?:PCR untuk en,etek!& k0nta&an t&ku! ,ala /r0,uk ,ag&ng. Sala# !atu kun& ke7er#a!&lan ,etek!& ,engan PCR a,ala# /e&lan /r&er +ang akan ,&gunakan. Pr&er !/e!&&k akan ene/el /a,a reg&0n !/e!&&k /a,a DNA te/late +ang eru/akan target9 untuk !elan%utn+a akan ,&a/l&&ka!& en%a,& unta& DNA 7aru. De!a&n /r&er +ang te/at !angat ,&/erlukan untuk eng#a!&lkan /r&er !/e!&&k +ang !e!ua& ,engan target a/l&&ka!&. Untuk ,etek!& DNA 7a7&9 !ala# !atu gen +ang ,a/at ,&gunakan !e7aga& arka 5/enan,a6 !/e!&&k a,ala# gen !&t0kr0 7 5cyt 5 cyt b6. b6. en &n& ,&/&l untuk &,ent&&ka!& !/e&e! 8erte7rata karena enun%ukkan 8ar&a!& +ang !angat ter7ata! ,ala
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cyt b e&l&k& keun&kan9 +a&tu a,an+a 7ag&an +ang conserved ,& t&ngkat !/e&e!9 !e#&ngga ,a/at ,&gunakan untuk ,etek!& !/e!&&k /a,a !/e&e! tertentu. 1.2 RU"USAN RU"USAN "ASALA "ASALAH H 1.2.1 1.2.1 Baga& Baga&ana ana ara ara elakuk elakukan an /eran /eranang angan an /r&er /r&er !eara !eara 0nl&n 0nl&ne@ e@ 1.2.2 1.2.2 Baga& Baga&ana ana ara enent enentuka ukan n /r&e /r&err +ang +ang 7a&k 7a&k@@ 1.2.3 1.2.3 Baga& Baga&ana ana ara enent enentuka ukan n !/e!& !/e!&&ta &ta!! /r&er /r&er@@ 1.3 1.3 TU'UA TU'UAN N 1.3.1 1.3.1 "engeta "engeta#u& #u& ara /eran /eranang angan an /r&e /r&err !eara !eara 0nl& 0nl&ne ne 1.3.2 1.3.2 "engeta "engeta#u& #u& ara enent enentuka ukan n /r&e /r&err +ang +ang 7a&k 7a&k 1.3.3 1.3.3 "engeta "engeta#u& #u& ara ara enen enentuk tukan an !/e!&& !/e!&&ta! ta! /r&e /r&err +ang 7a&k 7a&k
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BAB II TIN'AUAN PUSTA(A PCR 5/0l&era!e #a&n reat&0n6 !ala# !atu tekn&k untuk e/ela%ar& 7&0l0g& 0lekuler9 eru/akan et0,e en<&at&! +ang ,&gunakan untuk el&/atgan,akan !eara ek!/0nen!&al !uatu !ekuen nukle0t&,a tertentu ,engan ara &n 8&tr0. 8&tr0. "et0,e "et0,e &n& !angat !angat !en!&t& !en!&t&9 9 !e#&ng !e#&ngga ga ,a/at ,a/at ,&guna ,&gunakan kan untuk untuk el&/atgan,akan !atu 0lekul DNA. (0n!e/ a!l& tekn0l0g& PCR en!+aratkan 7a#>a 7ag&an tertentu !ekuen DNA +ang akan ,&l&/atgan,akan #aru! ,&keta#u& terle7 ,a#ulu !e7elu /r0!e! /el&/atgan,aan ter!e7ut ,a/at ,&lakukan. Sekuen +ang ,&keta#u& ter!e7ut /ent&ng untuk en+e,&akan /r&er9 +a&tu !ekuen 0l&g0nukle0t&,a /en,ek +ang 7erung!& enga enga>a >al& l&
!&n !&nte!& te!&!!
Peng Penge e7a 7ang ngan an le7& le7 #
rant ranta& a& lan%u lan%utt
DNA DNA
,ala ,ala
et0 et0,e ,e PCR PCR
reak reak!& !&
7era 7erant nta& a&
/0l& 0l&er era! a!e. e.
eu eung ngk& k&nk nkan an ,&la ,&laku kuka kann nn+a +a
/el&/atgan,aan !uatu ragen r agen DNA +ang 7elu ,&keta#u& !ekuenn+a9 &!aln+a ,engan et0,e Alu: PCR 5R0!ent#al9 14426. Alu a,ala# !uatu !ekuen DNA 5/an%a 5/an%angn ngn+a +a kurang kurang le7 le7 3-- 7/6 +ang +ang 7an+ak 7an+ak ter,a/at ter,a/at !e/an%a !e/an%ang ng gen0 gen0 anu anu!& !&aa 5repet repetitiv itivee DNA sequence6. sequence6. Alu:P lu:PCR CR a,al a,ala# a# et0 et0,e ,e PCR PCR +ang ang eanaatkan !ekuen:!ekuen Alu !e7aga& ,a!ar untuk e7uat /r&er untuk el&/a el&/atga tgan,a n,akan kan !uatu !uatu ragen ragen DNA +ang 7elu 7elu ,&keta# ,&keta#u& u& !ekuen !ekuen +ang +ang ter,e/at ,& antara ,ua !ekuen Alu. Target PCR +a&tu a!a nukleat 5DNA6 unta& gan,a +ang ,&ek!trak!& ,ar& !el ,an ter,enatura!& ter,enatura!& en%a,& en%a,& a!a nukleat 7erunta& 7erunta& tunggal. tunggal. (0/0nen (0/0nen reak!& PCR ter,&r& ata! /a!angan /r&er 7eru/a 0l&g0nukle0t&,a !/e!&&k untuk target gen +ang ,&/&l en<& 5uun+a 5uun+a Ta= Ta= /0l+era!e9 /0l+era!e9 en<& thermostable thermostable ,an thermoactive
+ang
7era!al
,ar&
Thermu Thermuss
aquat aquaticus icus66
,an
triphosphat
deox deoxyn ynucl ucleo eosid sidee 5,NT 5,NTP6 P6 ,&gu ,&guna naka kan n untu untuk k a/l a/l&& &&ka ka!& !& targ target et gen gen !eara !eara ek!/0nen!&al ,engan #a!&l re/l&ka!& gan,a ,ar& target a>al. Reak!& &n& ,&lakukan ,ala ,ala
!uat !uatu u
e!& e!&n n
/ea /eana na!!
+ang, ang,&/ &/r0 r0gr gra a
!ea !eara ra
0t0 0t0at at&! &!
,&!e ,&!e7u 7utt
t#er0 t#er0+ +ler ler.. "e!&n "e!&n ter!e7u ter!e7utt en+e,& en+e,&akan akan k0n,&! k0n,&!&& teral teral +ang +ang ,&/erlu ,&/erlukan kan
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Pr0!e! +ang ter%a,& ,ala e!&n PCR el&/ut& t&ga ta#a/ utaa +a&tu ,enatura!& 5/e&!a#an unta& gan,a DNA69 anneal&ng 5/ene/elan /r&er6 ,an ek!t ek!ten en!& !&
5/e 5/ean an%a %ang ngan an /r& /r&er er6. 6.
Pr0! Pr0!e! e!
+ang +ang ,&u ,&ula la&&
,ar& ,ar&
,ena ,enatu tura ra!& !&99
/ene/elan ,an ek!ten!& ,&!e7ut !e7aga& !atu !&klu!. Pr0,uk PCR ,a/at lang!ung lang!ung ,&8&!ual&!a!&k ,&8&!ual&!a!&kan an elalu& elalu& /r0!e! elektr00re!&! elektr00re!&! ,an ,&gunakan ,&gunakan untuk anal&!& anal&!&!! le7 le7 lan%ut lan%ut 5 5e& e&!!en !!en!te !te&ne &nerr et al .9 .9 2--$6. 2--$6. Pr0,uk Pr0,uk PCR ,&/&!a# ,&/&!a#kan kan ,engan elektr00re!&! gel +ang ,&>arna& ,engan 7r0&,a ,an ,&8&!ual&!a!&kan ,engan !&nar ultra8&0let 5N0llet T0l,r9 2-116. 2-116. Pr0!e! PCR el&7atkan $ k0/0nen utaa9 +a&tu 516 DNA te/late9 +a&tu ragen DNA +ang akan ,&gan,akan9 526 0l&g0nukle0t&,a /r&er9 +a&tu !uatu !ekuen 0l&g0nukle0t&,a /en,ek 51):2) 7a!a nukle0t&,a6 +ang enga>al& !&nte!&! !&nte!&! ranta& DNA9 536 ,e0k!&r&70nukle ,e0k!&r&70nukle0t&,a 0t&,a tr&0!at 5,NTP6 ter,&r& ,ar& ,ATP9 ,CTP9 ,TP9 ,TTP9 ,an 5$6 en<& DNA /0l&era!e9 +ang eru/akan katal&! reak!& !&nte!&! ranta& DNA. (e7er#a!&lan PCR ,&tentukan 0le# 7e7era/a akt0r9 antara la&n 1. ,e0k ,e0k!&r !&r&7 &70n 0nuk ukle le0t 0t&, &,aa tr&0 tr&0!a !att 5,NT 5,NTP6 P6.. Laru Larutan tan !t0k !t0k ,NTP ,NTP +ang +ang akan akan ,&gu ,&guna naka kan n ,ala ,ala PCR PCR !e7a& !e7a&kn kn+a +a ,&ne ,&netr tral alkan kan en% en%a, a,&& /H 9-. 9-. Untu Untuk k enentukan enentukan k0n!entra!&n+ k0n!entra!&n+a9 a9 ,a/at ,&gunakan ,&gunakan !/ektr00t0 !/ektr00t0eter eter.. Larutan Larutan !t0k ter!e7ut /erlu ,&tuang ,ala 80lue ke&l 5al&=u0t6 ,eng!n k0n!entra!& 1" ,an ,&!&/an /a,a !u#u :2-0C. (0n!entra!& a!&ng:a!&ng ,NTP +ang ,&/erlukan ,ala PCR 7erk&!ar antara 2-:2--" ,an kee/at ,NTP 2. 3. $. ). . .
+ang ,&gunakan !e7a&kn+a 0l&g 0l&g0n 0nuk ukle le0t 0t&, &,aa /r&e /r&err DNA te te/lat /latee k0/ k0/0! 0!&! &!&& larut larutan an 7u 7ue er r %ul %ula# a# !&k !&klu lu!! reak reak!& !& en<& en<& +ang +ang ,&g ,&gun unaka akan9 n9 ,an ,an akt0r akt0r tekn&! tekn&! ,an akt0r akt0r n0n n0n tekn&! tekn&! la&nn+a9 la&nn+a9 &!aln+ &!aln+aa k0nta&na k0nta&na!&. !&. Ta#a/a a#a/an n PCR +ang +ang /al&ng /al&ng enent enentuka ukan n a,ala# a,ala# /ene/ /ene/elan elan /r&er /r&er..
Se/a!ang /r&er 0l&g0nukle0t&,a 5/r&er a%u ,an /r&er un,ur6 +ang akan
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#aru! k0/leenter k0/leenter atau !et&,ak:t&,ak !et&,ak:t&,akn+a n+a e&l&k& e&l&k& #00l0g& #00l0g& uku/ t&ngg& ,engan urutan 7a!a ke,ua ,aera# u%ung ragen +ang akan ,&a/l&&ka!& &tu. Pa,a#al9 k&ta 7elu engeta#u& ,engan /a!t& urutan 7a!a !ekuen! target. Ole# karena &tu9 ,&/erlukan ,&/erlukan ara tertentu untuk eranang urutan 7a!a ke,ua ke,ua /r&er +ang akan ,&gunakan. Da!ar Da!ar +ang +ang ,&guna ,&gunakan kan a,ala# a,ala# urutan urutan 7a!a +ang +ang ,&,uga ,&,uga e/un e/un+a& +a& ke&r&/an ,engan urutan 7a!a !ekuen! target. Urutan &n& a,ala# urutan !eru/a ,ar&
!e%ula#
!/e!&e!G!tra&n
0rgan&!e
la&nn+a
+ang
tela#
,&keta#u&G, ,&keta#u&G,&/u7l &/u7l&ka!&k &ka!&kan. an. Se7aga& Se7aga& 0nt0#9 0nt0#9 untuk eranang eranang !e/a!ang !e/a!ang /r&er +ang ,ara/kan ,a/at enga/l&&ka!& !e7ag&an gen l&/a!e /a,a &!0lat Bacillus ter0&l&k tertentu ,a/at ,&gunakan &n0ra!& urutan 7a!a gen l&/a!e ,ar& !tra&n: !tra&n Pseudomonas fluorescens9 fluorescens9 P. P. mendocina 9 ,an ,an !e7a !e7aga ga&n &n+ +a9 +ang ang !e7elun+a tela# ,&keta#u&. Urutan 7a!a /a!angan /r&er +ang tela# ,&!u!un keu,&an ,&anal&!&! enggunaka enggunakan n /r0gra /r0gra k0/uter k0/uter untuk untuk engeta#u& engeta#u& keungk&n keungk&nan an ter%a,&n+a ter%a,&n+a /r&er:,&er ak&7at #00l0g& !en,&r& (self-h (self-homo omolo loy! y! atau #00l0g& #00l0g& !&lang (cross-homoloy!. (cross-homoloy!. Sela&n &tu9 %uga /erlu ,&lat keungk&nan ter%a,&n+a !ala# te/el (misprimin!9 (misprimin!9 +a&tu /ene/elan /r&er ,& luar !ekuen! target.
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BAB III "ETODE (ER'A !"1 #$%&' ($) Te*+$& Pel$%,$)$$) P-$%&.%'* Har&9 ta tanggal Ra Ra7u9 2 "aret 22-1 aktu Pukul 1-.$- 13.2- IB 5!#&t A6 Te/at Ruang SCL Fakulta! Fara!& Un&8er!&ta! 'e7er !"2 Al$& ($) B$h$) Al Alat (0 (0/uter ,a ,an (0nek!& In Internet Ba#an Ba#an CDS CDS gen gen ,ar& ,ar& 0rg 0rgan an&! &!ee terte tertent ntu u !e7a !e7aga ga&& 0le 0leku kull DNA DNA targ target et !"! C$-$ Ke-/$ 3.3.1 "enar& CDS gen target "e7uka !&tu! #tt/GG>>>.n7&.nl.n.g08 #tt/GG>>>.n7&.nl.n.g08 (et&kkan gen +ang au ,&ar& !ekuen!n+a /a,a k0l0 !ear#
P&l nule0t&,e /a,a /&lan all ,ata7a!e
Tekan Tekan t070l !ear#
P&l 0/lete gen0e
(l&k FASTA
3.3.2 enar& /r&er "e7uka !&tu! ! &tu! #tt/GG>>>.n7&.nl.n.g0
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Sal&n !eua CDS gen +ang ,&ak!u, /a,a k0l0 enter ae!!&0n g& 0r FASTA !e=uene
P&l gen0e 5all 0rgan&!6 !e7aga& /&lan ,ata7a!e
(l&k et Pr&er
Tunggu Tunggu #&ngga #a!&ln+a #a!&ln +a keluar
3.3.3 "enentukan !/e!&&ta! /r&er "e7uka !&tu! ! &tu! #tt/GG>>>.n7&.nl.n.g08 #tt/GG>>>.n7&.nl.n.g08
P&l BLAST
P&l nule0t&,e BLAST
"a!ukkan /r&er +ang &ng&n ,&ek /a,a k0l0 enter ae!!&0n nu7er5!69 g&5!69 0r FASTA !e=uene
P&l nulet&,e /a,a /&lan ,ata7a!e
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BAB IV HASIL DAN PE"BAHASAN $.1 Pengert&an /r&er Pr&er a,ala# 0lekul 0l&g0nukle0t&,a unta& tunggal +ang ter,&r& ata! !ek&tar 3 7a!a. P0l&er&!a!& /r&er ,a/at 7erlang!ung karena a,an +a /ena7a#an 7a!a ,e& 7a!a ,ar& ,NTP +ang ,&katal&!a!& 0le# en<& DNA /0l&era!e. Naun9 /a,a PCR en<& DNA /0l&era!e +ang ,&gunakan #aru! ter0!ta7&l karena !ala# !atu ta#a/ reak!&n+a a,ala# ,enatura!& unta& gan,a DNA +ang e7utu#kan !u#u !angat t&ngg& 5!ek&tar 4)C6. Sala# !atu en<& DNA /0l&era!e +ang uu ,&gunakan a,ala# Taq DNA /0l&era!e9 +ang 7era!al ,ar& 7akter& ter0&l&k Thermus aquaticus. aquaticus . T&a/
/utaran ran
reak!& ak!&
PCR
ter,&r&
ata!
t&ga
ta#a a#a/9
+a&t a&tu ,enatura! ra!&
te/lat /ene/elan /r&er ,an /0l&er&!a!& ,an /0l&er&!a!& /r&er +ang a!&ng:a!&ng 7erlang!ung /a,a !u#u le7 kurang 4)C9 )-C9 ,an -C. Pa,a ta#a/ ,enatura!&9 /a!angan unta& DNA te/lat ,&/&!a#kan !atu !aa la&n !e#&ngga en%a,& unta& tunggal. Pa,a ta#a/ !elan%utn+a9 a!&ng:a!&ng unta& tunggal akan ,&te/el& 0le# /r&er. 'a,&9 a,a ,ua 7ua# /r&er +ang a!&ng:a!&ng ene/el /a,a unta& tunggal DNA te/lat. B&a!an+a9 ke,ua /r&er ter!e7ut ,&naakan /r&er a%u (for"ard primer! ,an primer! ,an /r&er /r&er un,ur (r un,ur (reve everse rse primer primer!!. Sete Setela la# # ene ene/ /el el /a,a /a,a unta unta&& DNA DNA te/ te/la lat9 t9 /r& /r&er er engala engala& & /0l&e /0l&er&!a r&!a!& !& ula& ula& ,ar& ,ar& te/at te/at /ene/ /ene/elan elann+ n+aa #&ngga #&ngga u%ung u%ung )J DNA te/lat te/lat 5&ngat /0l&er&!a!& /0l&er&!a!& DNA !elalu 7er%alan 7er%alan ,ar& u%ung )J ke ke 3J atau atau 7erart& ,ar& u%ung 3J ke )J unta& te/latn+a6 . Dengan Dengan ,e&k&an9 ,e&k&an9 /a,a ak#&r /utaran reak!& /ertaa akan ,&/er0le# ,ua /a!ang unta& DNA %&ka DNA te/lat a>aln+a 7eru/a !e/a!ang !e/a! ang unta& DNA.
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$.2 en HSF Heat !#0k at0r 5HSF6 a,ala# akt&8at0r akt&8at0r tran!kr&/!& gen #eat !#0k. Akt&8at0r &n& eng&kat !eara k#u!u! untuk Heat S#0k urut Eleent! 5HSE6 ,& !eluru# gen0 +ang k0n!en!u! urutann+a 7er0t&. Dala k0n,&!& n0n:!tre!9 Dr0!0/#&la HSF a,ala# 0n0er ter&kat nukl&r l0kal9 !e,angkan #a!&l akt&8a!& #eat !#0k ,& tr&er&
Fung!&n+a Fung!&n+a t&,ak t&,ak #an+a /ent&ng /ent&ng untuk untuk engata!& engata!& eek
/r0te0t0?& !tre! ! tre! teral9 teta/& %uga ,&/erlukan untuk /enge7angan #e>an +ang te/at te /at ,an kelang!ungan #&,u/ !eara ke!eluru#an !el:!el kanker. Be7era/a akt0r +ang ,a/at engakt&8a!& HSFI ,&antaran+a ke!ala#an ,ala /el&/atan /r0te&n9 gangguan #0e0!ta!&! /r0te&n9 ,an /eru7a#an k0n,&!& re,0k! &ntra!elular +ang ,&ak&7atkan karena /eru7a#an te/eratur atau !tre!!. HSF 1 ,a/at ,a7at 0le# ekan&!e u/an 7al&k negat& elalu& &nterak!&n+a ,engan H!/O ,an H!/4-. H!/4-. Ek!/re Ek!/re!& !& H!/4H!/4- ,an H!/H!/- tert&ng tert&ngg& g& /a,a /a,a !uatu !uatu !el akan akan engak engak&7a &7atka tkan n ter&na!& ek!/re!& gen #eat !#0k 5/r0!e! aut0regula!&6K Sela&n &tu HSF1 %uga ,a/at ,a7at 0le# ekan&!e u/an 7al&k elalu& 0!0r&la!&. HSF1 ,&0!0r&la!& /a,a re!&,u !er&n ,& ,aera# regulat0r +ang e0,ula!& ,aera# akt&8a!& /a,a !u#u n0ral.
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$.3 Per!+aratan /r&er +ang 7a&k 1. Pan Pan%ang %ang /r& /r&er er Pan%ang /r&er #aru! 1*:2$ nukle0t&,a9 %&ka kurang ,ar& 1) nukle0t&,a akan enurunkan !/e!&&ta! #&7r&,&!a!& ,engan DNA target9 %&ka le7 ,ar& $- akan enurunkan akt&8&ta! DNA /0l+era!e. 2. Su#u Su#u Lele Lele# # 5T6 5T6 Pr&er "elt&ng Te/erature 5T6 eru/akan te/eratur +ang ,&/erlukan 0le# !e/ar0# /r&er ,u/lek! +ang engalaa& ,&!0!&a!&Gle/a! &katan. Pr&er ,engan T 7erk&!a 7erk&!arr antara antara )-:-; )-:-;C C !angat !angat &,eal9 &,eal9 !e,ang !e,angkan kan T ,&ata! ,&ata! );C );C akan akan engur engurang ang&& eekt& eekt&&ta! &ta! anela& anela&ng ng !e#&ngg !e#&nggaa /r0!e! /r0!e! a/l&& a/l&&ka!& ka!& DNA kurang kurang 7er%alan 7a&k. T &n& !angat ,&tentukan 0le# 0le# %ula# 7a!a C 5C 0nta&n!6. T /r&er ,a/at ,&tung ,engan 0rula A. T 5;C6 55MC6 ?$6 M 55AMT6 ?266.!eara ka!ar 5kurang akurat6 B. T5;C6 HG S M R ln5C6Q : 23.1)..!eara a kurat 3. Pr&er anneal&ng te/erature T#e T#e /r&er /r&er anneal& anneal&ng ng te/erat te/erature ure 5Ta6 5Ta6 eru/a eru/akan kan !u#u !u#u +ang +ang ,&/erk& ,&/erk&rak rakan an /r&er ,a/at 7er&katan ,engan te/late 5DNA6 ,engan !ta7&l 5DNA:DNA #+7r&, !ta7&l&t+6. '&ka !u#u aneal&ng t&ngg& akan en+ul&tkan ter%a,&na+a &ktan /r&er ,engan DNA te/late !e#&ngga akan eng#a!&lkan /r0,uk PCR +ang
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antar antaraa /r& /r&er er ,eng ,engan an DNA DNA te/l te/lat at +ang +ang ,&/e ,&/erl rluk ukan an untu untuk k &n&!& &n&!&a! a!&& DNA DNA /0l+era!e 5/r0!e! PCR6. . Pr& Pr&er er !e7a !e7a&k &kn+ n+aa t&,a t&,ak k e&l e&l&k &k&& urut urutan an /eng engulan ulanga gan n ,ar& ar& 2 7a!a a!a ,an ak!& ak!&u u /engul /engulang angan an 2 7a!a !e7an+ak !e7an+ak $ kal& kal& a! a! ,a/at ,a/at ,& t0leran t0leran!&. !&. "&!a "& !aln ln+a +a ATAT ATATAT ATAT AT.. . Pr&er Pr&er!! !e7a&kn+a !e7a&kn+a t&,ak t&,ak e&l&k e&l&k&& urutan urutan 7a!a +ang ,& ulang ulang teru! eneru! eneru!.. Pengulangan 7a!a 7erurutan !a/a& $ kal& a! ,a/at ,& t0leran!&. "&!aln+a ACAT ACAT e&l&k& urutan 7a!a ,&ulang ) kal& 7erturut:turut. *. A80&, Cr0!! Cr0!! #00l0 #00l0g+ g+ untuk untuk eg#&n, eg#&n,ar& ar& r0!! #00l0g #00l0g&& ,a/at ,a/at ,&lakuka ,&lakukan n ,engan ,engan ara engan enganal& al&!&! !&! #00l0 #00l0g& g& /r&er /r&er ,engan ,engan DNA gen0e gen0e elalu& elalu& BLAST:NCBI. 4. A/l& A/l&0n 0n Lengt# Lengt# Pan%ang Pan%ang PCR PCR /r0,uk /r0,uk +ang &,eal &,eal 7erk&!ar 7erk&!ar antara antara 1--:)-1--:)- 7a!ang 7a!a. 1-. O/t&u O/t&u Anneal Anneal&ng &ng te/er te/eratu ature re 5Ta 5Ta O/t6 O/t6 Su#u Su#u anneal& anneal&ng ng 0/t&u 0/t&u !angat !angat e/engaru#& #a!&l PCR. Ta O/t &n& ,a/at ,&tung ,engan ara Ta O/t O/t -.3 ?5T 0 /r&er6 M -. ?5T 0 /r0,ut6 2) 11. 11. Pr&er Pr&er Pa&r Pa&r T "&!at# "&!at# Per7e, Per7e,aan aan T !e/a!an !e/a!ang g /r&er /r&er !e7a&kn !e7a&kn+a +a t&,ak t&,ak le7 ,ar& );C. (e7er#a!&lan (e7er#a!&lan reak!& PCR 7ergantung 7ergantung /a,a /r&er +ang ter7entuk ,ar& gen ter!e7ut9 !eak&n 7a&k /r&er +ang ,a!&lkan aka reak!& PCR akan 7erlang!ung ,engan 7a&k. Dan !e7al&kn+a %&ka /r&er +ang ,a!&lkan %elek aka reak!& PCR %uga akan
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1. Pr&er 1 F0r>ar, /r&er ACAAAACCACACA ACAAAACCACACAACC ACC Re8er!e /r&er CCTATTTCCAATCCAT F0r>ar, /r&er ,&ula& /a,a /an%ang 7a!a )42 7/ ,engan /an%ang /r&er 0r>ar, 2- 7/. Su#u anneal&ng untuk /r&er &n& a,ala# )4.4;C ,engan k0n!entra!& C )). Pr&er &n& e&l&k& !truktur Sel 0/leentar&t+. Query
1
GACAAAACCACAGGCGAACC GACAAAACCACAG GCGAACC ||||||||||||||||||||
20
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F0r>ar, /r&er ,&ula& /a,a /an%anag 7a!a 31)- 7/ ,engan /an%ang /r&er 0r> 0 r>ar, ar, 2- 7/ 7/.. Su Su#u #u an annea neal& l&ng ng ,a ,ar& r& /r /r& &er er &n &n&& a, a,ala ala# # )4 )4.4 .4; ;C C ,e ,eng ngan an k0n!entra!& C )). Pr&er &n& e&l&k& !truktur Sel 0/leentar&t+ ,an Sel 3 0/leentar&t+. Query
1
CGGCTTGAAGATTGGCGATG CGGCTTGAAGATT GGCGATG
20
|||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct
3150
CGGCTTGAAGATTGGCGATG
3169
Re8er!e /r&er ,&ula& /a,a /an%ang 7a!a $13- 7/ ,engan /an%ang /r&er re8er!e 2- 7/. Su#u anneal&ng ,ar& /r&er &n& a,ala# )4.4;C ,engan k0n!entra!& C )-. Pr&er &n& e&l&k& !truktur Sel 0/leentar&t+ ,an Sel 3 0/leentar&t+. Query
1
ACGGATGCACCTTTTGTTGC ACGGATGCACCTT TTGTTGC
20
|||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct
4130
ACGGATGCACCTTTTGTTGC
4111
Pr&er 2 &n& e&l&k& e &l&k& /an%ang /r0,uk 4*1 nukle0t&,a.
3
P&
3
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Re8er!e /r&er /r&er ,&ula& /a,a /an%ang /an%ang 7a!a )) 7/ ,engan /an%ang /an%ang /r&er re8er!e 2- 7/. Su#u anneal&ng ,ar& /r&er &n& a,ala# )4.4;C ,engan k0n!entr!& C ))-. . Pr Pr& &er er &n &n&& e e& &l& l&k& k& !t !tru rukt ktur ur !el !el 0 0/ /le leen enta tar&t r&t+ + ,a ,an n !el !el 3J 0/leentar&t+. Query
1
Sbjct
GCCGTTTGCGTCTTTGAACT GCCGTTTGCGTCT TTGAACT
20
|||||||||||||||||||| 5577
GCCGTTTGCGTCTTTGAACT
5558
Pr&er 3 &n& e&l&k& /an%ang /r0,uk $ nukle0t&,a. Ber,a!arkan #a!&l /rakt&ku +ang tela# !a+a lakukan ,a/at ,&keta#u& %&ka ket&ga /r&er ,&ata! eenu#& /er!+aratan !e7aga& /r&er +ang 7a&k. (et&ga /r&er ,&ata! e& e&l& l&k& k& /an% /an%an ang g /r& /r&er er 2- nukl nukle0 e0t&, t&,aa 5!+ara 5!+aratn tn+a +a #aru #aru!! ,ala ,ala rentan rentang g 1*:2 1*:2$ $ nukle0t&,a69 !u#u lele# /r&ern+a )4.4;C 5!+aratn+a )-:-;C6 ,an !el&! T antar /r&er kurang ,ar& ). Setela# ,&tentukan /r&er +ang 7a&k aka !elan%utn+a /erlu ,&lakukan /engu%&an ,ar& ,ar& ke&ga ke&ga /r&er /r&er ter!e7u ter!e7ut. t. Pengu Pengu%&an %&ann+ n+aa a,ala# a,ala# a/aka# a/aka# /r&er /r&er ter!e7u ter!e7utt e&l& e&l&k& k& !/e!&&ta! +ang a7a&k atau t&,ak. S/e!&&ta! a,ala# kea/uan alat te! untuk en,etek!&
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BAB V PENUTUP "1 Ke,.*+'l$)
Pr&er +ang ,&/&l eenu#& /er!+aratan !e7aga& /r&er +ang 7a&k Dar& ket&ga /r&er ,&ata! ,a/at ,&katakan ket&gan+a e&l&k& !/e!&&ta! +ang 7a&k9 #al &n& ,a/at ,&lat ,ar& #a!&l BLAST +ang enun%ukkan n&la& 1-- untuk !/e!&&ta!n+a "2 S$-$)
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AFTAR PUSTAKA
Ar&! T . 2---. In8er!e P0l+era!e C#a&n Reat&0n. #urnal $ayati. V0l 5$6 121:123. "a,e "a,e%% R. 1441 1441.. P0l+ P0l+e era! ra!ee C#a& C#a&n n Reat Reat&0 &0n n A//l& //l&at at&0 &0n n t0 t#e t#e Cl&n Cl&n&a &all La70rat0r+9 La70rat0r+ La70rat0r+ R0#e D&agn0!t& Re!ear#9 /. 23:329 $):$4. I!erte ' A9 Ste/#an B I9 0n& S E9 B0r&0 C S9 #&r&ng#ell& P D9 L0
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LAMPIRAN
1. Membuka situs www:http//ncbi.nlm.nih.g www:http//ncbi.nlm.nih.g! ! "an memasukkan memasukkan nama gen #ang akan "ica$i sekuensn#a
2. %ili %ilih h &aemphilu &aemphilus s in'uen(ae in'uen(ae &s) *hs)+ *hs)+ gene, cmplete cmplete c"s
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4. -lik , , tampilan tampilan sebagai sebagai be$ikut be$ikut
5. Membuka Membuka situs situs www.ncbi www.ncbi.. nlm.nih. nlm.nih.g! g! lalu pilih
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FASTA9 6. (l&k /r&er BLAST ,an a!ukkan CDS ge ke k0l0 enter ae!&0n5 g&6 0r FASTA9
7. %ilih
*all
nism+ lalu klik get get p$ime$ p$ime$
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11.%$ime$ 1 *)$wa$"+
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