MINISTERUL EDUCAŢ EDUCAŢIEI CERCETĂ CERCETĂRII TINERETULUI ŞI SPORTULUI UNIVERSITATEA OVIDIUS DIN CONSTANŢ CONSTANŢA FACULTATEA DE FARMACIE Aleea Universităţ Universităţiiii nr. 1, Campus, Corp B, Constanţ Constanţa TEL./FAX: 0241-605050 E-mail:
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CATEDRA NR. I - DISCIPLINE FARMACEUTICE FARMACEUTICE
TESTE GRILA PENTRU EXAMENUL LA Disciplina ANATOMIE SI TERMINOLOGIE MEDICALA DIN SEMESTRUL II SESIUNEA DE VARA Specializarea Farmacie, Anul I
Sef Catedra I Discipline Farmaceutice Prof.univ. Dr. Rodica Sirbu
Sef Disciplina ANATOMIE SI TERMINOLOGIE MEDICALA Sef lucrari Dr. Dragos Doicescu
2009-2010
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Complement simplu sem II 1. Măduva spin ării a. Este rectilinie b. Nu umple în întregime canalul c. Este acoperit ă la suprafaţă de arahnoidă d. Dura mater se afl ă în contact imediat cu m ăduva e. Are formă rotundă pe secţiune transversal ă 2. Măduva se întinde a. de la gaura occipital ă ( vertebra C1) pana la nivelul vertebrelor L1-L2, b. de la gaura occipitala pân ă unde se termin ă fillum terminale pana la vertebra Cocigiană2, de care se si fixeaz ă. c. fillum terminale are nici însemnătate tate func func ion ională, dar alături de ultimii nervi rahidieni formează coada de cal. d. superior măduva este delimitat ă evident de bulbul rahidian e. în secţiune transversala are form ă rotundă 3. Celulele nervoase din coarnele posterioare a. sunt neuroni somatomotori radiculari b. sunt neuroni vegetativi c. sunt neuroni visceromotori d. sunt neuroni viscerosenzitivi e. sunt neuroni somatosenzitivi si de asocia ţie 4. Celulele nervoase din coarnele anterioare a. sunt neuroni somatomotori radiculari b. sunt neuroni vegetativi c. sunt neuroni visceromotori d. sunt neuroni viscerosenzitivi e. sunt neuroni somatosenzitivi si de asocia ţie 5. Care afirmaţie este corect ă a. Există 8 perechi de nervi cervicali b. Există 10 perechi de nervi toracali c. Există 5 perechi de nervi coccigieni d. Celulele nervoase din coarnele anterioare sunt neuroni vegetativi e. Există 1 pereche de nervi sacra ţi 6. Rol nutritiv pentru măduva spinării îl are a. arahnoida b. spaţiul epidural c. spaţiul subarahnoidian
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7. Membrana extern ă măduvei spinării este a. pia mater b. spaţiul subarahnoidian c. dura mater d. spaţiul epidural e. arahnoida 8. Limita superioar ă a măduvei spinării corespunde a. Emergenţei primei perechi de nervi cranieni b. Foramen intervertebrale c. Canalului medular d. Emergenţei primului nerv spinal e. Foramen ovale 9. Limita inferioar ă a măduvei spinării se află în dreptul a. Vertebrei L2 b. Vertebrei S5 c. Vertebrei L5 d. Vertebrei S1 e. Vertebrei L1 10. Cerebelul este situat înapoia bulbului şi a punţii, cu care delimiteaz ă a. Ventriculul I b. Vermisul c. Ventriculul II d. Ventriculul IV e. Ventriculul V 11. Cerebelul este legat prin pedunculii cerebelo şi superiori de a. Bulb b. Punte c. Mezencefal d. Diencefal e. Măduva spinării 12. Ganglionii simpatici se afl ă în a. Lanţurile paravertebrale b. Ganglionii intramurali c. Ganglionii talamici d. Ganglionii juxtaviscerali e. Ganglionii din mezencefal 13. Din tunica extern ă a globului ocular face parte a. Cornee
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14. Din tunica intern ă a globului ocular face parte a. Cornee b. Coroidă c. Corpul ciliar d. Iris e. Retina 15. Din tunica medie a ochiului face parte a. Cornee b. Coroidă c. Retina d. Cristalinul e. Sclerotică 16. Celulele cu bastona şe sunt mai multe în a. La periferia petei galbene b. Macula lutea c. Sunt distribuite uniform d. Pata galbenă e. Fovea centralis 17. Care din celulele din structura retinei nu au rol func ţional a. Celulele cu prelungiri în form ă de con b. Celulele de asocia ţie c. Celulele bipolare d. Celulele multipolare e. Celulele cu prelungiri în form ă de bastona ş 18. Mediile refringente nu sunt reprezentate de a. corneea b. Iris c. Cristalin d. Umoarea apoas ă e. Corpul vitros 19. R ădăcinile nervului hipoglos au originea aparent ă a. şanţul colateral anterior sau preolivar b. şanţul bulbopontin c. şanţul median d. şanţul colateral posterior e. gropiţa supraolivar ă 20. În piramidele bulbare anterioare în vecin ătatea liniei mediane se g ăsesc
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e. tractul Burdach 21. Fibrele transversale care intr ă în alcătuirea punţii se adună de o parte si de alta a fe ţei anterioar ă şi formează a. pedunculii cerebelo şi inferiori b. pedunculii cerebelo şi mijlocii c. pedunculii cerebelo şi superiori d. planşeul ventriculului IV e. pedunculii cerebrali 22. Cerebelul se formeaz ă a. Împreună cu puntea din metencefal. b. Din mezencefal c. Din diencefal d. Din ventriculul III e. Din telencefal 23. Care afirmaţie este corect ă a. Cerebelul este acoperit de pia mater care intr ă în şanţurile cerebeloase. b. Cerebelul se g ăseşte situat deasupra cortului cerebelului c. Cerebelul este divizat ontofilogenetic în dou ă por ţiuni: paleocerebel şi neocerebel. d. Paleocerebelul este conectat la scoar ţa cerebrală. e. Neocerebelul este legat la m ăduva spin ării 24. Cerebelul a. Vălul medular superior şi inferior participă la formarea plan şeului ventriculului IV b. Pedunculul cerebelos superior sau brachium pontis este cel mai gros c. Pedunculul cerebelos mijlociu sau corpul restiform d. Pedunculul cerebelos inferior sau brachium conjunctivum este cel mai pu ţin voluminos dintre pedicul e. Vălul medular superior şi inferior participă la formarea tavanului ventriculului IV 25. Singurul nerv cranian cu origine aparent ă pe faţa posterioar ă a trunchiului cerebral este a. Nervul glosofaringian b. Nervul vag c. Nervul trohlear d. Nervul abducens e. Nervul trigemen 26. Care afirmaţie este corect ă a. Adenohipofiza este por ţiunea posterioar ă a hipofizei b. În neurohipofiză se stocheaz ă neurohormonii hipotalamici c. Neurohipofiza este por ţiunea posterioar ă a hipofizei
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a. sunt formate din componente endocrine si exocrine b. sunt formate din componente diferite ca origine, structura si functie c. intra in structura unor organe interne d. au origine comuna cu sistemul nervos vegetativ e. au origine epiteliala 28. Glandele endocrine mixte a. sunt formate din componente endocrine si exocrine b. sunt formate din componente diferite ca origine, structura si functie c. intra in structura unor organe interne d. au origine comuna cu sistemul nervos vegetativ e. au origine epiteliala 29. Urmatoarele afirmatii despre glandele endocrine sunt false, cu exceptia: a. sunt glande cu secretie externa b. isi elimina produsul de secretie la suprafata pielii sau in organe cavitare c. secreta substante cu structura chimica caracteristica numite hormoni d. functia endocrina este caracteristica numai glandelor endocrine propriu-zise e. glandele endocrine au canal excretor pentru eliminarea produsului de secretie 30. Urmatoarele afirmatii sunt adevarate cu exceptia: a. hormonii au actiune specifica si selectiva b. glandele endocrine actioneaza la distanta asupra diferitelor organe sau tesuturi c. sistemul nervos controleaza activitatea glandelor endocrine direct sau la distanta (prin neurosecretii) d. hormonii au actiune lenta dar de lunga durata e. structural hormonii pot avea fie nucleu fenolic, fie nucleu sterolic 31. Urmatoarele sunt adevarate cu exceptia: a. hipofiza are doi lobi (anterior si posterior) b. cei doi lobi hipofizari au origine, structura si functie f unctie diferita c. hipofiza este situata in i n saua turceasca a osului etmoid d. adenohipofiza are origine ectoblastica e. neurohipofiza are origine diencefalica 32. Urmatoarele sunt adevarate cu exceptia: a. la nivelul hipofizei exista un sistem port hipotalamo-hipofizar b. arterele hipofizare provin din arterele carotide interne si din cercul arterial al encefalului c. venele hipofizare sunt scurte si prezinta valve d. venele hipofizare sunt tributare sinusurilor cavernoase e. nervii hipofizei contin fibre vasomotorii 33. Neurohipofiza secreta: a. vasopresina b. oxitocina c. hormonul somatotrop d. hormonul adrenocorticotrop e. nu secreta hormone 34. Hormonul antidiuretic si oxitocina sunt secretate de: a. adenohipofiza b. neurohipofiza c. neuronii hipotalamici
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b. tiroida are forma literei H c. ligamentul tiroidian median leaga istmul de cartilajul cricoid d. ligamentele tiroidiene laterale leaga lobii tiroidieni de cartilajul tiroid si primele cartilaje traheale e. foliculul tiroidian si stroma perifoliculara reprezinta unitatea morfofunctionala a tiroidei 36. Unitatea morfo-functionala a tiroidei este: a. lobul tiroidian b. lobulul tiroidian c. foliculul tiroidian d. foliculul tiroidian + stroma interlobulara e. foliculul tiroidian + stroma perifoliculara 37. Artera tiroidiana superioara este ram din: a. artera carotida externa b. artera carotida interna c. artera subclavie d. trunchiul brahiocefalic e. arcul aortic 38. Artera tiroidiana inferioara este ram din: a. artera carotida externa b. artera carotida interna c. artera subclavie d. trunchiul brahiocefalic e. arcul aortic 39. Parathormonul este secretat de : a. celulele parafoliculare b. celulele oxifile c. celulele principale d. celulele foliculare e. celulele perifoliculare 40. Celulele oxifile paratiroidiene secreta: a. calcitonina b. parathormon c. vasopresina d. triodotironina + tetraiodotironina e. nu se cunoaste rolul lor 41. Fata inferioara a glandei suprarenale stangi are raporturi cu: a. vasele renale stangi
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c. artera renala d. artera frenica superioara e. artera splenica 44. Arterele suprarenaliene mijlocii au originea in: a. aorta abdominala b. artera frenica inferioara c. artera renala d. artera frenica superioara e. artera splenica 45. Arterele suprarenaliene inferioare au originea in: a. aorta abdominala b. artera frenica inferioara c. artera renala d. artera frenica superioara e. artera splenica 46. Vena centrala a glandei suprarenale drepte este tributara a. venei cava inferioara b. venei renale drepte c. venei renale stangi d. venei splenice e. venei cave superioare 47. Vena centrala a glandei suprarenale stangi este tributara a. venei cava inferioara b. venei renale drepte c. venei renale stangi d. venei splenice e. venei cave superioare 48. Sistemul de adaptare al organismului este format din: a. hipotalamus + hipofiza b. hipotalamus + suprarenale c. hipofiza + suprarenale d. hipotalamus + hipofiza + suprarenale e. hipotalamus + epifiza + suprarenale 49. Principalul hormon mineralocorticoid este: a. cortizol b. testoteron c. aldosteron
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e. nu secreta hormoni Complement multiplu sem II 1. Măduva spin ării a.este a. este conţinută în canalul vertebral b. se adapteaz ă la curburile fiziologice si patologice ale coloanei vertebrale c.nu c. nu umple în întregime canalul d. este învelita în sistemul meningeal e.are e. are aceea şi lungime la bărbaţi şi la femei 2. Sistemul meningeal meningeal este este format din a.Pia a. Pia mater la interior b. Pia mater la exterior c.Dura c. Dura mater la interior d. Dura mater la exterior e.Arahnoida e. Arahnoida între dura şi pia mater 3. Sistemul meningeal asigur ă a.Inerva a. Inervaţia măduvei b. Protecţia măduvei c.Continuitatea c. Continuitatea cu nervii spinali d. Nutriţia măduvei e.Continuitatea e. Continuitatea cu filum terminale 4. Nevraxul este alc ătuit din a. Măduva spin ării b. Nervii cranieni c. Nervii spinali d. Encefalul e. Ganglionii nervo şi 5. Din sistemul nervos periferic fac parte
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7. Dura mater a.Este a. Este membrana exterioar ă b. Are o structur ă fibroasă, rezistentă c.Se c. Se găseşte în contact cu pia mater d. Este separata de pere ţii canalului vertebral prin spa ţiul epidural e.În e. În spaţiul epidural se g ăseşte lichid cefalorahidian 8. Arahnoida a.Are a. Are o structur ă conjunctivă b. Ader ă la măduvă c.P c. Pătrunde în şanţurile măduvei d. Este separat ă de pia mater printr-un spa ţiu care con ţine lichidul cefalorahidian e.Are e. Are rol nutritiv 9. Pia mater a.este a. este o membrana conjunctivo-vasculara conjunctivo-vasculara b. este fibroasă c.are c. are rol nutritiv d. înveleşte măduva, de care ader ă, pătrunzând in şanţuri si fisuri e.în e. în grosimea ei se g ăsesc vase arteriale 10. Pe o sec ţiune transversal ă, substanţa cenuşie a.Se a. Se află la exteriorul măduvei b. Se află la interiorul măduvei c.Este c. Este compus ă din corpul celulelor nervoase şi prelungirile lor amielinice d. Este formată din fibre cu mielin ă şi celule gliale e.Este e. Este centrata de canalul ependimar care con ţine LCR. 11. În coarnele laterale g ăsim a. Neuroni Neuroni somatosenzitivi b. Neuroni vegetativi c. Neuroni Neuroni somatosenzitivi d. Neuroni viscerosenzitivi în partea anterioar ă a coarnelor laterale e. Neuroni Neuroni visceromotori în partea anterioar ă a coarnelor laterale 12. Care afirmaţii sunt corecte
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14. Care din următoarele afirmaţii sunt corecte a.Exist a. Există 7 perechi de nervi cervicali b. Există 12 perechi de nervi toracali c.Exist c. Există 5 perechi de nervi sacrali d. Există 5 perechi de nervi lombari e.Exist e. Există 5 perechi de nervi coccigieni 15. Care din următoarele afirmaţii sunt corecte a.Coarnele a. Coarnele anterioare sunt mai late şi mai scurte b. Coarnele anterioare sunt mai lungi c.În c. În coarnele laterale se g ăsesc neuroni vegetativi d. Axonul neuronului α (alfa) spinal spinal ajunge ajunge la mu mu chiul striat cu care care formea formeazz ă o sinapsa special ă neuroefectorie, numit ă placă motorie e.Axonul e. Axonul neuronului α (alfa) spinal ajunge la por ţiunea periferică (contractilă) a fibrelor musculare din structura fusului neuromuscular neuromuscular 16. Trunchiul cerebral este format din a.Bulb a. Bulb b. Cerebel c.Diencefal c. Diencefal d. Mezencefal e.Puntea e. Puntea lui Varolio R ăspuns a,d,e 17. Trunchiul cerebral este format din a.Bulb a. Bulb b. Cerebel c.Pedunculii c. Pedunculii cerebrali d. Punte e.Mezencefal e. Mezencefal
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b. în partea inferioar ă a şanţului se află nişte fibre transversale care întrerup şanţul prin încruci şarea lor. c.aceast c. aceast ă încrucişare poart ă numele de încruci şarea sau decusa ţia piramidelor (rafeul lui Stilling). d. sub decusa ţie, şanţul bulbar se continu ă cu cel medular. e. şanţul median este delimitat de olivele bulbare 20. Bulbul rahidian a.Prezint a. Prezintă un şanţ median mărginit lateral de piramidele anterioare b. Piramidele se dep ărtează una de alta c.Piramidele c. Piramidele se sub ţiază pe măsur ă ce se apropie de punte. d. Piramidele dispar sub punte. e.Piramidele e. Piramidele sunt formate de fibrele senzitive corticospinale 21. Care din următoarele afirmaţii sunt corecte a.Din a. Din şanţul colateral anterior emerge nervul hipoglos b. Din şanţul colateral posterior numit şi şanţul nervilor micşti ies r ădăcinile nervilor glosofaringian, vag şi accesor c.Din c. Din şanţul colateral anterior ies r ădăcinile nervilor glosofaringian, vag şi accesor d. Din şanţul colateral posterior iese nervul hipoglos e.Din e. Din şanţul bulbopontin iese nervul hipoglos 22. Por ţiunea inferioar ă a feţei posterioare a bulbului a.În a. În aceast ă zonă se observă un şanţ median dorsal, care îl continu ă pe cel de la nivelul măduvei b. Există un şanţ colateral dorsal
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nervilor accesor (XI), vag (X) şi glosofaringian (IX). b. În punte se formeaz ă nucleul motor al nervului facial (VII) c. Nucleul Nucleul gelatinos al lui Rolando (nucleus tractus spinalis n. trigemeni), în care ajung firele senzitive ale nervului trigemen d. Mai sus de precedentul se formeaz ă nucleul masticator al nervului trigemen (V). e. Nucleul Nucleul nervului hipoglos (XII), care se situeaz ă în apropierea liniei mediane 25. Puntea a.Se a. Se mai nume şte şi protuberanţă b. Reprezintă prima parte a trunchiului tr unchiului cerebral c.Deriv c. Derivă din por ţiunea ventrala a metencefalului (vezicula a IV-a) d. Prezintă pedunculii cerebelo şi inferiori ce fac leg ătura dintre punte si cerebel e.Dorsal, e. Dorsal, puntea ia parte la formarea ventriculului IV
26. Cerebelul este legat prin pedunculuii cerebelo şi de a.Diencefal a. Diencefal b. Bulb c.M c. Măduva spinării d. Punte e.Mezencefal e. Mezencefal 27. Diencefalul cuprinde a.Mezencefalul a. Mezencefalul b. Talamusul
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c. Neuronii Neuronii vegetativi din coarnele anterioare ale m ăduvei toracale d. Neuronii vegetativi din coarnele laterale ale m ăduvei lombare superioare e. Neuronii Neuronii vegetativi din coarnele laterale ale m ăduvei sacrale 31. Ganglionii parasimpatici se afl ă în a.Lan a. Lanţurile paravertebrale dorso-lombare b. Ganglionii intramurali c.Ganglionii c. Ganglionii talamici d. Ganglionii juxtaviscerali e.Ganglionii e. Ganglionii din mezencefal 32. Care afirmaţii sunt adevărate a.Cerebelul a. Cerebelul este divizat ontofilogenetic în trei por ţiuni b. Archicerebelul este conectat cu nucleii vestibulari c.Paleocerebelul c. Paleocerebelul este conectat la m ăduva spinării d. Neocerebelul este legat de scoar ţa cerebrală e.Cerebelul e. Cerebelul se g ăseşte situat deasupra cortului cerebelului 33. Cerebelul a.Este a. Este acoperit de pia mater b. Pia mater intr ă în şanţurile cerebeloase c.Pe c. Pe suprafaţa externă a cerebelului se g ăsesc şanţuri numite fisuri cerebeloase, care difer ă de cele cerebrale prin faptul c ă au pereţii apropiaţi şi nu se lărgesc la suprafaţă d. Fisura primar ă o găsim pe fa ţa superioar ă, între lobii anterior şi mijlociu e.Fisura e. Fisura primar ă este superficial ă
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37. Glandele endocrine se caracterizeaz ă prin a.î a. îşi varsă produşii de secre ţie direct în sânge b. secretă produşii numiţi hormoni c. beneficiaz beneficiază de vasculariza ţie foarte bogat ă d. secreţia endocrin ă este caracteristic ă doar glandelor endocrine e.hormonii e. hormonii sunt transporta ţi de sânge şi pot acţiona în oricare punct din organism 38. Hipofiza a.se a. se găseşte endocranian, în fosa hipofizar ă b. este acoperit ă de dura mater c.tulpina c. tulpina hipofizei face leg ătura între glandă şi talamus d. tulpina hipofizei este constituit ă din două por ţiuni e. prelungirea prelungirea adenohipofizar ă str ă bate diafragma şeii 39. Care afirmaţii sunt adevărate a.Adenohipofiza a. Adenohipofiza este lobul anterior al hipofizei b. Adenohipofiza este partea cea mai voluminoas ă a hipofizei c. Neurohipofiza Neurohipofiza este situat ă anterior de adenohipofiz ă d. Neurohipofiza este situat ă posterior de adenohipofiz ă e. Neurohipofiza Neurohipofiza are structur ă nervoasă şi provine din mezencefal 40. Adenohipofiza a.Este a. Este por ţiunea anterioar ă a hipofizei b. Este învelită de o capsul ă fibroasă proprie care provine din dura mater care trimite septuri incomplete spre interiorul glandei. c.În c. În interiorul glandei g ăsim cordoane de celule epiteliale anastomozate între ele. d. Conţine filete nervoase simpatice
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b. Este alcatuita din doua portiuni c. O portiune din tulpina merge cranial d. O portiune este str ă bătuta de fascicule f ascicule hipotalamo-neurohipofizare hipotalamo-neurohipofizare e. Nici una din afirmatii nu este adevarata 44. Hipofiza prezinta o tulpina hipofizei care: a.este a. este constituit ă din două por ţiuni b. face legătura între gland ă şi hipotalamus c.o c. o prelungire a tulpinei pleac ă din por ţiunea infundibular ă a adenohipofizei d. o parte a tulpinii este format ă de infundibul hipotalamusului e. Nici Nici una din afirmatii nu este adevarata
45. Sistemul nervos vegetativ: a.coordoneaz a. coordonează activitatea viscerelor b. coordonează activitatea glandelor c.coordoneaz c. coordonează activitate vaselor d. coordonează activitatea musculaturii netede e.nu e. nu este adevarata nici o afirmatie 46. Sistemul nervos vegetativ: a.este a. este format din centri nervo şi intranevraxiali, b. este format din ganglioni extranevraxiali c.este c. este format din fibrele nervoase d. este format din fibre musculare
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c.Exist c. Există organe la nivelul c ărora doar un sistem are efect d. În unele organe, cele dou ă sisteme au efecte de acela şi tip e. Nici Nici un raspuns corect
50. Centrii vegetativi pot fi: a.Centrii a. Centrii vegetativi intranevraxiali b. Centrii vegetativi corticali c.Centrii c. Centrii vegetativi subcorticali d. Toate raspunsurile corecte e. Nici Nici un raspuns corect
51. Centrii vegetativi intranevraxiali: a.se a. se găsesc în măduva spin ării b. se găsesc în bulb si punte
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c.Centrii c. Centrii parasimpatici se g ăsesc în partea anterioar ă a hipotalamusului d. Centrii simpatici se afl ă în partea posterioar ă şi laterală a hipotalamusului. e. Nici Nici o afirmatie corecta 56. Hipotalamusul are functie: a.vegetativ a. vegetativă, b. de reglare a fiziologiei viscerelor c.de c. de păstrare a homeostaziei d. toate afirmatiile de mai sus sunt corecte e.nici e. nici un raspuns corect 57. Centrii vegetativi din trunchiul cerebral: a.se a. se pot afla în apropierea nucleilor de origine ai unor nervi cervicali. b. se pot afla în apropierea nucleilor terminali ai unor nervi cervicali. c.Se c. Se afla la nivelul maduvii spinarii d. Toate afirmatiile de mai sus sunt corecte e. Nici Nici un raspuns corect 58. Nucleul 58. Nucleul pupilar al lui Edinger-Westphal:
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a. îndeplineşte funcţii multiple b. asigur ă motricitatea bronhiilor, esofagului, stomacului, intestinului sub ţire şi gros până la unghiul splenic; c.inhib c. inhibă funcţiile inimii şi r ăreşte numărul de bătăi ale inimii; d. determină secreţia stomacului, duodenului, intestinului sub ţire şi pancreasului; e.determin e. determină vasodilataţie. 63. Sistemul nervos al vieţ vie ţii de relaţ relaţie: A. reglează activitatea organelor interne B. transformă excitaţiile în senza ţii C. reglează activitatea glandelor endocrine D. asigur ă legătura dintre organism şi mediul extern E. se numeşte sistem nervos somatic 64. Calea aferentă aferentă este formată formată din: A. axonii visceromotori de pe traiectul unor nervi cranieni B. neuronii viscerosenzitivi din ganglionii spinali
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69. Bulbul rahidian: A. prezintă elementele măduvei B. este separat de m ăduvă prin decusa ţia piramidală C. prezintă pe faţa anterioar ă fisura mediană anterioar ă ce o continu ă pe cea a măduvei D. este separat de punte prin şanţul bulbo-pontin E. prezintă dorsal olivele bulbare 70. Pe faţ faţa ventrală ventrală a trunchiului cerebral se observă observ ă: A. piramidele bulbare B. pedunculii cerebelo şi mijlocii C. piramidele pontine D. coliculii cvadrigemeni inferiori E. corpii mamilari 71. Metatalamusul: A. este format din 2 perechi de corpi genicula ţi B. intervine în reglarea func ţiilor vegetative C. este staţie de releu şi pentru calea acustic ă D. se leagă de coliculii cvadrigemeni
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77. 20 % din fibrele fasciculului piramidal: A. se încrucişează la nivelul bulbului B. formează decusa ţia piramidală C. intr ă în fasciculul cortico-spinal lateral D. formează fasciculul piramidal direct E. ajung în cordonul anterior al m ăduvei de aceea şi parte 78. Fasciculele spinobulbare: A. sunt numite Flechsig B. sunt în num ăr de câte 2 pe fiecare f iecare parte C. sunt Goll şi Burdach D. sunt numite Gowers E. sunt gracillis şi cuneat 79. Efectorii sistemului simpatic sunt: A. muşchiul cardiac B. muşchii striaţi ai membrelor inferioare C. muşchii striaţi ai membrelor superioare D. muşchii netezi ai tuturor organelor E. glandele lacrimale, salivare, sudoripare, digestive 80. Centrii nervoşi ai simpaticului se g ăsesc:
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B. III, V, IX C. VII, IX, X D. III, VI, IX E. III, VII, IX 85. Acetilcolina: A. produce efecte similare cu noradrenalina B. este un mediator chimic C. se elibereaz ă la capătul fibrei postganglionare parasimpatice D. produce efecte antagoniste simpaticului E. se elibereaz ă la capătul fibrei preganglionare simpatico
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92. Pata oarbă oarbă din structura retinei: A. nu prezintă elemente fotosensibile B. este situată medial şi inferior de pata galben ă C. conţine numai celule cu bastona şe D. reprezintă locul de ieşire a nervului optic din globul ocular E. este locul de intrare a arterelor globului ocular 93. Retina: A. se întinde posterior de ora serrata B. are 2 regiuni importante: macula lutea şi pata oarbă
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99. Glandele suprarenale sunt: A. patru glande mici situate câte dou ă pe faţa posterioar ă a rinichilor B. corticosuprarenala şi medulosuprarenala medulosuprarenala C. formate dintr-o por ţiune corticală şi una medular ă D. diferite embriologic, anatomic şi funcţional E. situate câte dou ă pe faţa anterioar ă a rinichilor 100. Corticosuprarenala Corticosuprarenala secretă secret ă hormonii: A. mineralocorticoizi B. cortizon şi hidrocortizon
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c. tesut muscular d. vase e. nervi 143. Dintre glandele endocrine fac parte: a. glandele suprarenale b. hipofiza c. pancreasul exocrin d. tiroida e. glandele salivare 144. Sunt glande endocrine compuse:
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b. sistemul nervos regleaza activitatea tuturor glandelor endocrine prin control nervos direct c. sistemul nervos regleaza activitatea glandelor endocrine pe cale umorala, prin neurohormoni d. sistemul nervos regleaza activitatea unor glande endocrine prin control nervos direct e. uneori neurohormonii sunt asemanatori hormonilor (de exemplu adrenalina si noradrenalina) 151. Hormonii: a. au actiune specifica si selectiva b. au actiune lenta, de scurta durata
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a. hormon tireotrop
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b. interfoliculara
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d. parathormonul are actiune hiperglicemianta stimuland activitatea osteoclastelor
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183. Portiunea mediastinala a timusului are raporturi laterale cu:
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a. pancreasul
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